Code Nr.
Code based on A The- ory of Ethnic Antago- nism (Bonacich 1972)
Examples of Possible Characteris-
tics of Variable Rules of Demarcation
1 Previously Existing Level
of Political Resources
Existence of Migrant’s Self- Organisations and Support Groups (e.g. via facebook);
Political protection from country of origin;
Existence of other lobbying groups fighting for the interests of refugees;
Any form or manner of advocating for political and socio-economic rights of refugees and asylum seekers; Bene- fits through organiza- tion in groups and la- bour market-related networking. (Lacking?) Level of assertiveness that may be caused by laws or administrative practices but is no law or administrative prac- tise itself.
1.1. Previously Existing Skills
As a Political Resource
Skills and previous level of educa- tion
-
2
Additional political re- sources due to participa- tion in the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm & Newly acquired skills due to participating in the Bleiberechtsprogramm
Any activities & measures of the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm strengthening the socio-economic, political and legal position of refu- gees and migrants e.g. lobbying and cooperation with local public ad- ministrations; any skills or education added due to participation in the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm
Activities and trainings, intended to increase general skill sets are political resources. (e.g. diploma for gradu- ating from secondary school, support for achieving a university degree)
3 Previous Level of Infor-
mation as a resource
Previously existing information about the labour market; possible career paths in host country, infor- mation about entry barriers to cer- tain professions (e.g. laws regulation medicinal and care professions); Information about labour market regulation and workers’ rights in host country
General level of orien- tation in a foreign la- bour market environ- ment. The emphasis is on knowledge and ori- entation.
4
Additional Information available (resource) due to participation in the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm
Information and orientation received through measures of the ESF- Bleiberechtsprogramm
Counselling & Coach- ing activities (not train- ing) regarding the gen- eral situation on the labour market and indi- vidual career prospects. No concrete actions to get a specific refu- gee/asylum seeker into a specific job.
5 Previous Economic Res-
sources
Previous living standards, previous income and assets, availability of good future prospects and employ- ment in home country
Situation in country of origin in terms of eco- nomic prospects and material and financial assets.
6
Economic Ressources added due to participation in the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm
Financial support, vocational train- ings leading to higher-paid jobs, other forms of economic support provided by the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm; financial transfers and material goods do- nated.
Strictly work-related trainings and qualifica- tion measures; no coun- selling measures; no general educational degrees
(e.g. hygiene training for working in a restau- rant)
7 Ethnic Antagonism Intergroup conflict between locals and refugees and migrants
- header and subordi- nate, residual category for sub-categories -
7.1 Ideologies and Beliefs
Racism/ Prejudices against refugees and migrants, as they are encoun- tered by the implementing organiza- tions of the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm
No actions, but ideas and mind sets on which actions can be based. No laws, but ideas and mind sets caused by legal governance of migration issues. (e.g. prohibition to work leads to the impression that refugees and asy- lum seekers are lazy because local citizens do not know the legal framework.)
7.2 Behaviours
- Discriminatory actions against Refugees & Migrants
- Violence against Refugees & Mi- grants
… as they are encountered by the implementing organizations of the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm
Behaviour of individu- als or small groups of people. Actions are not state-sanctioned.
7.3 Institutions
Laws perpetuating discrimination & segregation of refugees & migrants, as they are encountered by the im- plementing organizations of the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm
State-sanctioned, changeable laws or administrative practices that put refugees into a less favourable position without reasonable ex- planation. Discrimina- tion originates from public authorities or state officials. Only laws/Administrative practices that specifi- cally seek to treat refu- gees and asylum seek- ers differently from local citizens without valid reason.
7.4 Exclusionary Movements
Culmination of pronouncements, actions, political decisions if they deny refugees & migrants basic rights, as it is encountered by the implementing organizations of the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm
Discrimination origi- nates from groups of private actors or politi- cal parties, that are not (yet) part of the gov- ernment or head public institutions. Little state- sanctioned power avail- able. Minimum degree of organization and planning, larger number of people (more than 10 persons) necessary to qualify as movement.
7.5.
Political Changes and Reactions due to Ethnic Antagonism
All political decisions and changes caused by ethnic antagonism
Influence of exclusion- ary movements and ethnic antagonism on politics that result in a change of circum-
stances for the ESF- Bleiberechtsprogramm
8
ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm measures countering eth- nic antagonism
Information campaign, cooperation with employers etc.
No individual counsel- ling or training of refu- gees and asylum seek- ers. Information and counselling activities directed at (potential) employers, public au- thorities and their em- ployees, as well as local citizens.
No lobbying activities aiming for a specific political or legal change. Creating knowledge and under- standing for the situa- tion of refugees within a given legal/political framework.
9 Other stabilizing factors/
psychological resources
Accommodation, private support networks
Factors that are indi- rectly relevant for a successful labour mar- ket integration and indi- rectly relevant for the emergence of ethnic antagonism
10
Other stabilizing factors/ psychological resources added due to participation in the ESF-
Bleiberechtsprogramm
Networking opportunities, provided by the ESF-Bleiberechtsprogramm, to get to know the local culture and have a social support network. Activities to ensure access to ac- commodation, medical or psycho- logical care etc.
All factors that lead to a general psychological stabilization and well- being that are only indi- rectly, if crucially rele- vant for labour market integration.