197. A1 and B1, Explanation: Both bits of missing text are past tense, one continuous.
Saw is past tense and sitting is a continuous action; 198. C in, Explanation: A preposi- tion defi nes a relation. For example, in the sentence ‘The girl is in the shop’, ‘in’ is a prep- osition. In the sentence ‘The book was written by her’, ‘by’ is the preposition;
199. A2 and B1, Explanation: ‘Had’ identifi es the sentence as in the past tense so we use
the ‘couldn’t’ and ‘forgotten’. ‘Can’t’ is the present tense.; 200. C largest, Explanation: These are adjectives that describe the most or least in a group of similar things. My house is the smallest, your house is the largest; 201. A1, Explanation: A1 is correct because the speaker is concentrating at that time; 202. broken, Explanation: Past parti- ciples often end in -en or –ed, they are adjectives that serve as a verb in the sentence;
203. A1 and B2, Explanation: My brother and I went to a particular hospital so ‘the’ is
used to identify it. My mother is in hospital does not need the term because in this case hospital is used in the general sense; 204. A2 and B2, Explanation: We are drawing comparisons and to do this with short words we add ‘er’ but for longer words we use ‘more’; 205. A3 and B3, Explanation: ‘Last night’ requires the past tense of the verb and the action of Sam in the park the present tense; 206. ideas, Explanation: A noun serves to identify the thing, place, class or person; 207. B was, Explanation: A sum of money is singular so we use ‘was’; 208. B later, Explanation: Comparative adjectives allow us to draw comparisons between two similar items. ‘Your train was later than mine.’ ‘I drove further than you.’; 209. A1 and B1, Explanation: Here ‘so’ is used for emphasis while ‘as’ is used to make a comparison; 210. A2 and B2, Explanation: ‘In’ is used for people and places, superlatives such as ‘furthest’ usually take the form more…or …est, eg nicest, most beautiful, but ‘far’ is an exception as it becomes ‘furthest’; 211. A4 and B1, Explanation: ‘Must’ is used to imply that something that follows is true; 212. cleaning, Explanation: A verb describes an action; 213. A2 and B1, Explanation: A verb such as ‘like’ is placed alongside the object, in this case animals. So it is wrong to say ‘I like very much’ as this separates the verb and its object; 214. A2 and B2, Explanation: When something changes we use the expression ‘no longer’ or ‘any longer’. The rule is that we use ‘no longer’ in the middle of a sentence and ‘any longer’ at the end;
‘was’ is used in the singular, ‘were’ for a plural subject. We share between two people and among more than two; 228. A2 and B1, Explanation: ‘to go’ is passive so we use ‘going’, the smell was in the past so we use the past tense; 229. A1 and B2, Explanation: It is said that we are in a country but on a beach; 230. slow, Explanation: An adjective adds detail to a noun; 231. A1, Explanation: ‘them’ serves to identify which persons are left handed; it is used when referring to two or more people or things; 232. A3 and B3, Explanation: ‘too’ means higher than desired and ‘enough’ means as much as is necessary; 233. A3 and B2, Explanation: It is said that we sit ‘on’ the bus but we are ‘at’ the back of something; 234. ‘I am doing’, Explanation: This part of the sentence gives the time which is the present and it is continuous; 235. A3, B3 and C3, Explanation: We say get/arrived/travel etc to a place but we do not say ‘to’ home. For example ‘go home’, ‘on the way home’ etc; 236. A1, B1 and C2, Explanation: We say ‘in my car’ or ‘by bus’ and ‘by car’ and ‘by cheque’ but ‘in cash’; 237. 4 – beautiful, young, blue green, Explanation: Adjectives add detail so beautiful and young add detail to what is known about the woman and blue and green add detail to what is known about the dress; 238. A and B, Explanation: Both sentences misuse the meaning of the word ‘unique’ which means one of a kind, unlike anything else;
239. A2 and B3, Explanation: ‘so’ and ‘such’ serve to add emphasis; ‘so’ is used with
adjectives and ‘such’ with nouns; 240. A4, Explanation: Adjectives such as ‘long’ and ‘red’ are normally put in the order of size then colour. We would only use ‘and’ if a list was formed, for example a long red and white coat; 241. A1 and B3, Explanation: ‘who’ introduces the clause that provides the extra information about where Peter lives. ‘Which’ and ‘what’ refer to objects, ‘who’ and ‘whom’ to people. We use ‘which’ rather than ‘what’ because we are referring to something already mentioned; 242. f themselves, Explanation: ‘myself’, ‘my’ and ‘ours’ are possessive pronouns. The rest are refl ective but only ‘themselves’ is plural; 243. A2, B2 and C1, Explanation: ‘each’ and ‘every’ are often interchangeable but in these instances we are referring to the teams in the particular games, not every rugby team. Also, when we describe how often something occurs we use ‘every’; 244. A2 and B3, Explanation: ‘much’ and ‘little’ are used with unspecifi ed quantities; ‘much’ is correct because the ‘but’ implies a tension with ‘little’. ‘Few’ is used for plural subjects; 245. A2 and B2, Explanation: ‘some’ is used to make a positive point while ‘any’ is used in a negative situation;
Answers and explanations 225