7 Functions and settings
7.2 NORMset
7.2.1 Entering NORMset desired value 1
Desired values set in kV apply to the primary voltage of the connected voltage transformer. Desired values set in V apply to the secondary voltage of the connected voltage transformer. All transformer data (see "Transformer da-ta" on page 129) must be entered correctly.
Settings in kV are only possible if you have previously entered the para-meters for primary and secondary voltage.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
49 V – 140 V 0.1 V 100 V
Table 21 Setting range for NORMset desired value 1 in V
Setting range Step size Factory setting 0 kV...9999 kV Table 22 Setting range for NORMset desired value 1 in kV
To set desired voltage value 1, proceed as follows:
1. > Normset > 1x .
<01> Desired value 1.
2. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
3. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
4. Press . Desired value 1 is set.
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7.2.2 Setting the primary voltage
In general, the regulator only indicates the secondary voltage in V if you have not set the primary voltage. The primary voltage is only displayed if parameter
"Display kV / V" has been set to kV (see "Setting the voltage display kV/V" on page 141).
Example:
Primary voltage Secondary voltage kV or V Display
No parameterization 100 V V 100 V
110 kV 100 V kV 110 kV
Table 23 Example of displayed values in V or kV
Setting range Step size Factory setting 0 kV...9999 kV Table 24 Setting range for primary voltage in kV
To set the primary voltage, proceed as follows:
1. > Normset > 2x .
<02> Primary voltage.
2. Press to highlight the decimal place.
The decimal place is defined and the value can be changed.
3. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
4. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
5. Press .
The primary voltage is set.
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7.2.3 Setting the secondary voltage
The secondary voltage is displayed and entered in V.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
57 V – 125 V 0.1 V 100 V
Table 25 Setting range for secondary voltage in V
To set the secondary voltage, proceed as follows:
1. > Normset > 3x .
<03> Secondary voltage.
2. If necessary Press to highlight the de-cimal place.
The decimal place is defined and the value can be changed.
3. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
4. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
5. Press .
The secondary voltage is set.
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7.3 Parameters
This section describes all the functions, parameters and recommended setting ranges for voltage regulation with the voltage regulator. To make it easier for you to find specific parameters, the description refers to subgroups of individ-ual parameters with related functions.
7.3.1 Setting control parameters
This submenu contains all the parameters required for the control function.
Desired values 1/2/3
Bandwidth
Delay time T1
Control response T1
Delay time T2
The desired voltage level, Vtarget is specified as a fixed value. The desired val-ue can be entered using the voltage regulator user interface, both in the NORMset mode subgroup and in the parameter mode subgroup.
In addition, the voltage regulator also allows you to change the desired value during operation if this is necessary.
The desired values are activated using binary inputs. Up to 3 desired values can be entered in parameter mode:
Desired value 1
Desired value 2
Desired value 3
Desired value 1 is the default desired value.Desired values 2 or 3 are acti-vated if there is a continuous signal at the pre-assigned IO-X1/17 or IO-X1/16 inputs (factory preset).If there is a signal at both inputs at the same time, de-sired value 2 is active.
The following sections describe how to set the desired values.
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7.3.2 Setting desired value 1
Desired values set in kV apply to the primary voltage of the voltage transfor-mer. Desired values set in V apply to the secondary voltage of the voltage transformer. The transformer data (see "Transformer data" on page 129) must be entered correctly.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
49 V – 140 V 0.1 V 100 V
Table 26 Setting range for desired value 1 in V
Setting range Step size Factory setting 0.1 kV...999.9 kV Table 27 Setting range for desired voltage value 1 in kV
To set desired voltage value 1, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter.
<00> Desired value 1.
2. If you have already entered the transformer data, press to select the unit you want:
"V" or "kV".
3. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
4. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
5. Press . Desired value 1 is set.
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7.3.3 Setting desired value 2
Desired value 2 is activated if there is a continuous signal at IO X1/17 or IO-X1/16 provided you previously programmed the IOs accordingly (on page 146).
Setting range Step size Factory setting
49 V – 140 V 1 V 100 V
Table 28 Setting range for desired value 2 in V
Setting range Step size Factory setting 0.1 kV...999.9 kV Table 29 Setting range for desired voltage value 2 in kV
To set desired voltage value 2, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter > 1x .
<01> Desired value 2
2. If you have already entered the transformer data, press to select the unit you want:
"V" or "kV".
3. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
4. Press to increase the value or to reduce it..
5. Press . Desired value 2 is set.
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7.3.4 Setting desired value 3
Desired value 3 is activated if there is a continuous signal at IO X1/17 or IO-X1/16 provided you previously programmed the IOs accordingly (see
"Configuring control inputs IO1-X1:33/31" on page 145).
Setting range Step size Factory setting
49 V – 140 V 1 V 100 V
Table 30 Setting range for desired value 3 in V
Setting range Step size Factory setting 0 kV...999.9 kV Table 31 Setting range for desired voltage value 3 in kV
To set desired value 3, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter.
> 2x .
<02> Desired value 3.
2. If you have already entered the transformer data, press to select the unit you want:
"V" or "kV".
3. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
4. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
5. Press . Desired value 3 is set.
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7.3.5 Bandwidth
The bandwidth is the permitted deviation of the measured voltage from the selected desired value. If the measured voltage is inside the bandwidth, then no control commands are issued to the on-load tap-changer.
If the measured voltage deviates from the specified bandwidth, a tap-change command occurs after the set delay time T1. The on-load tap-changer carries out a tap-change in a positive or negative direction.
If the level is persistently above or below the bandwidth, the "Function moni-toring" alarm message is triggered after 15 minutes. The corresponding relay is also activated. The alarm message is only reset when the measured vol-tage returns to within the set.
Figure 15 Measured voltage and bandwidth over time
1 ΔVstep: Step voltage 2 Vdesired: Desired value in V 3 B%: Bandwidth range 4 T1: Set delay time 5 Vactual: Measured voltage
a Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts
b Vactual within bandwidth before T1 lapses, no tap-change operation c Vactual outside the bandwidth, T1 starts
d Vactual outside B% before T1 lapses, tap-change operation initiated e Tap-change operation complete, Vactual within the bandwidth
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7.3.5.1 Visual display
The deviation from the set bandwidth is shown visually in the voltage regulator display. The measured voltage mark shows whether the measured voltage is above, inside or below the set bandwidth. Progress of delay time T1 is indi-cated by the gradual filling of the time bar in the voltage regulator's display.
The seconds display above this indicates the remaining delay time T1.
Figure 16 Visual display of deviation from desired value
1 Bandwidth (upper and lower limit) 2 Time bar for delay time T1 3 Desired voltage value 4 Measured voltage 5 Remaining delay time T1
7.3.5.2 Determining bandwidth
In order to be able to set the value correctly, the transformer's step voltage and nominal voltage must be known.
The following value is recommended for the bandwidth "B %":
[±B % ] 0.6
Vn-1 Un
100 % Vnominal
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where:
Vn-1: Step voltage of position n-1 Vn: Step voltage of position n
Vnominal Nominal voltage
The bandwidth must be selected in such a way that the output voltage of the transformer (Vactual) returns to within the specified tolerance range after the tap change.
If too small a bandwidth is defined, the output voltage exceeds the band-width selected and the voltage regulator must immediately issue a tap-change command in the opposite direction.
If a very large bandwidth is selected, this results in a major control devia-tion.
Sample calculation
The following transformer parameters are used by way of example for deter-mining the recommended bandwidth:
Nominal voltage: Vnominal = 11000 V Step voltage of position 4: Vstep4 = 11275 V Step voltage of position 5: Vstep5 = 11000 V
Following the recommendation for calculating bandwidth, our example results in:
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7.3.5.3 Setting the bandwidth
Setting range Step size Factory setting
0.5 %...9 % 0.01 %...1 % 1 %
Table 32 Setting range for bandwidth
The calculated bandwidth is entered as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter > 3x .
<03> Bandwidth.
2. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
3. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
4. Press . The bandwidth is set.
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7.3.6 Setting delay time T1
Delay time T1 delays the issuing of a tap-change command for a defined pe-riod. This function prevents unnecessary tap-change operations if the toler-ance bandwidth is exited for a short time.
If the current measured voltage leaves the bandwidth, delay time T1 starts.
This is shown visually in the display by the time bar filling and the remaining time being indicated.
If the control deviation is still present after the delay time, a tap-change com-mand is issued.
If during the delay time the measured voltage returns to within the bandwidth range, the delay time still running is counted down in seconds starting from the time already expired. The absolute time display disappears from the dis-play. The time bar graph is shown hatched and shrinks steadily. If the meas-ured voltage exceeds the set bandwidth once more whilst the time is not displayed, then the time delay is restarted from the remaining time.
The advantage of counting the time back down is that, if the bandwidth is ex-ceeded frequently, the voltage regulator does not start counting again at 0 seconds, but uses the time already elapsed as the starting point for beginning the next delay time.
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Setting range Step size Factory setting
0 s...600 s 1 s 40 s
Table 33 Setting range for delay time T1
To set the delay time T1, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter > 4x .
<04> Delay time T1.
2. Press to highlight a digit.
The digit position you want is highlighted and the value can be changed.
3. Press to increase the time or to reduce it.
4. Press .
The delay time T1 is set.
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7.3.7 Setting control response T1
The delay time T1 can be set to linear or integral. With "Linear time" the vol-tage regulator responds with a constant delay time which is independent of the control deviation.
If "Integral time" is set, the delay time decreases depending on the ratio of current control deviation to set bandwidth B, to a minimum of 1 second. The greater the control deviation (ΔV) the shorter the response time. This means that the voltage regulator reacts faster to unexpectedly large voltage changes in the grid. The regulation accuracy therefore increases at the expense of switching frequency (see diagram).
Figure 17 ∆V/B voltage change
1 "Delay time T1" parameter
ΔV/B: Control deviation "ΔV" as % of desired value as ratio to the set band-width "B" as % of desired value.
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To set the control response T1, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter > 5x .
<05> Control response T1.
2. Press to select "T1 linear" or to select "T1 integral".
3. Press .
The control response T1 is set.
7.3.8 Activating/deactivating delay time T2
The delay time T2 only takes effect if more than one tap-change operation is required for returning the voltage to within the specified bandwidth.With integral control response in particular, the time until release of an output pulse would increase after each tap change process.
The first output pulse occurs after the set delay time T1. After the set delay time T2 has elapsed, additional pulses occur. These are needed to correct the existing control deviation.
To activate/deactivate the delay time T2, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameters > 6x .
<06> T2 activation.
2. Press or to activate/deactivate T2.
3. Press .
The delay time T2 is activated/deactivated.
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7.3.9 Setting delay time T2
The following section describes how to set the delay time T2.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
1 s...10 s 0.1 s 10 s
Table 34 Setting range for delay time T2
In general, the delay time T2 should be greater than the pulse duration and the maximum operating time of the motor-drive unit. This applies to
continuous settings in particular.
To set the delay time T2, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Control pa-rameter > 7x .
<07> Delay time T2.
2. Press to increase the time or to reduce it.
3. Press .
The delay time T2 is set.
7.3.10 Limit values
This subgroup contains all the parameters required for monitoring the limit values. The limit values can be set as percentages or absolute values.
For the "undervoltage" and "overvoltage" parameters, the inputs basically re-late to the specified desired value. For "overcurrent" and "undercurrent", the values relate to the set rated current of the current transformer or the selected current transformer connection, respectively.
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7.3.10.1 Activating/deactivating absolute limit values
When you activate absolute limit values, these are used in place of those re-lating to the desired value. The following settings are possible:
Setting Effect
Off The percentage values entered are used
On The absolute values entered are used
Table 35 Activation/deactivation of absolute limit values
To activate/deactivate the absolute limit values, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Limit values.
<00> Absolute limit values.
2. Press for "On" setting or for "Off"
setting.
3. Press .
The absolute limit value is activated/deactivated.
7.3.10.2 Setting the undervoltage V< limit value
Undervoltage blocking prevents tap-change operations if there is a power cut.
The voltage regulator output pulses are blocked and the red "V<" LED lights up as soon as the measured voltage falls below the set blocking value.
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If the measured voltage falls below the set limit value, the signaling relay is permanently activated after around 10 seconds (IO-X1/18, IO-X1/19, IO-X1/20 contacts). If the measured voltage and/or supply voltage fails (< 30 V), the signaling relay is not activated. This function is a default setting and you can deactivate it (see "Activating/deactivating signal for undervoltage V<
below 30 V" on page 106).
The limit value for undervoltage blocking is set as a percentage of the set de-sired value.
Setting range Step size Factory setting 60 %...100 %
of desired value 1 % 90 %
Table 36 Setting range for undervoltage blocking V< as percentage
To set the overvoltage blocking, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Limit values
> 1x .
<01> Undervoltage V< [%].
2. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
3. Press .
The undervoltage blocking V< is set.
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You can also set the "Undervoltage blocking" function as an absolute value.
To do this, you must have also activated the "On" selection under "Absolute limit values".
This setting is made as an absolute value in unit V. This value relates to the secondary transformer voltage.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
34 V – 160 V 0.1 V 90 V
Table 37 Setting range for undervoltage blocking V< in V, absolute values
If you use the key to change the display to unit kV, the value relates to the primary transformer voltage.
Setting range Step size Factory setting 34 %...160 % of the
primary transformer voltage
1 kV 1 kV
Table 38 Setting range for undervoltage blocking V<, absolute values in kV This, for example, results in a setting range of 17 kV to 80 kV at a primary transformer voltage of 50 kV.
To set the overvoltage blocking, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Limit values
> 2x .
<02> Undervoltage V< [V].
2. If necessary press to select the unit you want, "V" or "kV".
3. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
4. Press .
The undervoltage blocking V< is set.
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7.3.10.3 Setting the V> overvoltage limit value [%]
When the overvoltage detection responds, the on-load tap-changer is acti-vated by periodical control of the motor-drive unit until the measured voltage is less than the set overvoltage limit value. This is controlled by the output re-lay for the "Lower" switching direction at the intervals dictated by the set switching pulse duration without the set switching delay becoming active. At the same time, the "V>" LED is illuminated and a signaling relay is activated (IO-X1-X1/19, IO-X1/20 contacts) as long as there is overvoltage. You can set the interval for LOWER (see "Setting the switching pulse time" on page 142).
Instead of the high-speed return control function, the control can also be blocked if the overvoltage value is exceeded.
The V> overvoltage limit is entered as a percentage of the set desired value.
Setting range Step size Factory setting 100 %...140 %
of desired value 1 % 110 %
Table 39 Setting range for V> overvoltage limit as percentage
To set overvoltage blocking, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Limit values
> 3x .
<03> Overvoltage V> [%].
2. Press to increase the value or to reduce it.
3. Press .
V> overvoltage blocking is set.
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7.3.10.4 Setting the V> overvoltage limit value as an absolute value
You can also set the "Overvoltage blocking" function as an absolute value. To do this, you must have also activated the "On" selection under "Absolute limit values".
This setting is made as an absolute value in unit V. This value relates to the secondary transformer voltage.
Setting range Step size Factory setting
100 V – 160 V 0.1 V 110 V
Table 40 Setting range for overvoltage blocking V> in V, absolute value
If you use the key to change the display to unit kV, this value relates to the primary transformer voltage.
Setting range Step size Factory setting 100 %...160 % of the
primary transformer
voltage 1 kV 1 kV
Table 41 Setting range for overvoltage blocking V> in kV, absolute value This, for example, results in a setting range of 50 kV to 80 kV at a primary transformer voltage of 50 kV.
To set overvoltage blocking, proceed as follows:
1. > Parameter > Limit values
> 4x .
<04> Overvoltage V> [V].
2. If necessary press to select the unit you want, "V" or "kV".
3. Press to increase the value or to
3. Press to increase the value or to