evaluated by a comparison of the means using the Tukey test (P ≤ 0.05).

The results showed that the total phenolic compounds differ significantly The results showed that the total phenolic compounds differ significantly between

between different different blueberry blueberry parts parts (peel, (peel, pulp pulp and and whole whole fruit) fruit) as as well well asas between cultiv

between cultivars. The pulp showed a phenolic comars. The pulp showed a phenolic compounds content 72% lowerpounds content 72% lower than that found in the peel of the Delite cultivar and up to 90% lower for the than that found in the peel of the Delite cultivar and up to 90% lower for the content of the Bluebelle cultivar peel, indicating that a high concentration of content of the Bluebelle cultivar peel, indicating that a high concentration of phenolic

phenolic compounds compounds is is present present in in the the peel peel of of the the blueberrieblueberries. s. The The phenolicphenolic compounds content of the whole fruit ranged from 612.61 to 876.53 mg compounds content of the whole fruit ranged from 612.61 to 876.53 mg

GAE.100 g

GAE.100 g-1-1

, with “Powderblue” and “Bluebelle” cultivars showing, with “Powderblue” and “Bluebelle” cultivars showing

_the_the highest content of these compounds. These results are similar to those reported highest content of these compounds. These results are similar to those reported by

by Carlson Carlson [7], [7], who who when when working working with with seven seven different different blueberry blueberry cultivars,cultivars, found that higher content of phenolic compounds were found in Powderblue found that higher content of phenolic compounds were found in Powderblue cultivar. Differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds are normal cultivar. Differences in the concentration of phenolic compounds are normal among cultivars.

among cultivars.

By comparing the values of total phenolic compounds of blueberry By comparing the values of total phenolic compounds of blueberry cultivars to the study described by Jacques et al. [8] and Moyer et al. [9], a cultivars to the study described by Jacques et al. [8] and Moyer et al. [9], a similarity is observed in both. Analyzing small fruits of 107 genotypes of similarity is observed in both. Analyzing small fruits of 107 genotypes of Vaccinium, Rubus and Ribes, Moyer et al. [9] reported phenolic compound Vaccinium, Rubus and Ribes, Moyer et al. [9] reported phenolic compound content of 870 ± 20 mg GAE.100 g

content of 870 ± 20 mg GAE.100 g-1-1_{for native cultivars originating from}_{for native cultivars originating from} Florida and Georgia, both belonging to the Rabbiteye group. The result is very Florida and Georgia, both belonging to the Rabbiteye group. The result is very similar to that found for the Bluebelle cultivar, which is also originally from similar to that found for the Bluebelle cultivar, which is also originally from Georgia [10], and the Powderblue cultivar belonging to the same group. Georgia [10], and the Powderblue cultivar belonging to the same group. Phenolic compounds content similar to the cultivar Climax (612.61 mg GAE. Phenolic compounds content similar to the cultivar Climax (612.61 mg GAE. 100 g

100 g-1-1) was also found for the Highbush group cultivar. In the work of) was also found for the Highbush group cultivar. In the work of Jacques et al. [8], who analyzed various fruits, including blueberry, Jacques et al. [8], who analyzed various fruits, including blueberry, blackberry

blackberry, , Butia Butia capitata, capitata, loquat loquat and and pitanga pitanga (varietie(varieties: s: orange, orange, purple purple andand red), a content of 816.9 mg GAE.100 g

red), a content of 816.9 mg GAE.100 g-1-1 was found for blueberry Powderblue was found for blueberry Powderblue cultivar and 750.5 mg GAE.100 g

cultivar and 750.5 mg GAE.100 g-1-1 for the blueberry Delite cultivar. The same for the blueberry Delite cultivar. The same authors found that among the evaluated fruits, the highest phenolic compounds authors found that among the evaluated fruits, the highest phenolic compounds content was observed in the blueberry, which also showed the highest content was observed in the blueberry, which also showed the highest anthocyanin content.

anthocyanin content.

When compared with the values of Souza [11], it is clear that the whole When compared with the values of Souza [11], it is clear that the whole fruits analyzed in this study had higher values, since the authors report that the fruits analyzed in this study had higher values, since the authors report that the blueberry

blueberry has 305.38 mhas 305.38 mg GAE.100 gg GAE.100 g-1-1_{fresh fruit.}_{fresh fruit.}

Also analyzing the Pearson correlation coefficient, total phenolic Also analyzing the Pearson correlation coefficient, total phenolic compounds showed a positive correlation (0.7) with the value of titratable compounds showed a positive correlation (0.7) with the value of titratable acidity.

acidity.

Anthocyanins

Among the different subclasses belonging to the phenolic compounds Among the different subclasses belonging to the phenolic compounds group, anthocyanins deserve special attention because they are found in large group, anthocyanins deserve special attention because they are found in large quantities in blueberries, being the main pigments responsible for the color of quantities in blueberries, being the main pigments responsible for the color of this fruit. Its color can range from bright red and purple/blue depending on this fruit. Its color can range from bright red and purple/blue depending on which electron donor groups (methoxy or hydroxyl) are bonded to the which electron donor groups (methoxy or hydroxyl) are bonded to the aglycones, also called anthocyanidins, and their composition and aglycones, also called anthocyanidins, and their composition and

concentration. Only five types of anthocyanins are found in blueberries: concentration. Only five types of anthocyanins are found in blueberries: delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin, peonidin and cyanidin. However, due to the delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin, peonidin and cyanidin. However, due to the instability, these molecules are most commonly found in the form of instability, these molecules are most commonly found in the form of anthocyanins (glycosylated form) and also in acylated form.

anthocyanins (glycosylated form) and also in acylated form.

The quantification of anthocyanins in this study was performed according The quantification of anthocyanins in this study was performed according to the Lees and Francis method [12]. The samples were extracted with ethanol to the Lees and Francis method [12]. The samples were extracted with ethanol solution of pH 1.0 and the absorbance was measured at 520 nm in an solution of pH 1.0 and the absorbance was measured at 520 nm in an Ultrospec 2000 UV/Visible (Pharmacia Biotech) spectrophotometer. The ACY Ultrospec 2000 UV/Visible (Pharmacia Biotech) spectrophotometer. The ACY (Total anthocyanins) was based on a Cyanidin 3-glucoside molar extinction (Total anthocyanins) was based on a Cyanidin 3-glucoside molar extinction coefficient of 26900 and a molecular weight of 449.2. The total content was coefficient of 26900 and a molecular weight of 449.2. The total content was expressed in terms of mg of anthocyanin 100 g

expressed in terms of mg of anthocyanin 100 g-1-1_{of fresh-frozen fruit (Table}_{of fresh-frozen fruit (Table} 1).

1).

The total anthocyanin content ranged from 70.2 mg CYD-3-G 100 g The total anthocyanin content ranged from 70.2 mg CYD-3-G 100 g-1-1 _in_in the Bluebelle cultivar to 217.55 mg CYD-3-G 100 g

the Bluebelle cultivar to 217.55 mg CYD-3-G 100 g-1-1_{for Climax cultivars,}_{for Climax cultivars,} which was the only one to differ significantly from the other cultivars. The which was the only one to differ significantly from the other cultivars. The content was lower than that found by Su and Chien [13], who, on evaluating content was lower than that found by Su and Chien [13], who, on evaluating blueberry of

blueberry of the the RabbiteyRabbiteye e group, group, found an found an anthocyanthocyanin anin content of content of 363 363 ± 6.7± 6.7 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1. However, when compared the anthocyanin content of. However, when compared the anthocyanin content of the Climax cultivar (217.55 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

the Climax cultivar (217.55 mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1) with the content found in) with the content found in the Bluegem cultivar (242 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

the Bluegem cultivar (242 mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1) belonging to the same group) belonging to the same group (Rabbiteye), by Moyer et al. [9], great similarity can be seen. This similarity (Rabbiteye), by Moyer et al. [9], great similarity can be seen. This similarity extends to the comparison of the ACY/TPC relationship, since the authors extends to the comparison of the ACY/TPC relationship, since the authors

report that the anthocyanin content of “Bluegem” cultivar represents 34% of

all phenolic compounds

, whereas in the “Climax” cultivar it represents 36% of, whereas in the “Climax” cultivar it represents 36% of

the total phenolic compounds in the fruit.

However, in this study the anthocyanin content was higher than that However, in this study the anthocyanin content was higher than that reported in the study by Pertuzatti et al. [14], who reported an average reported in the study by Pertuzatti et al. [14], who reported an average anthocyanin content of 218 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

anthocyanin content of 218 mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1_{(dry weight) for different}_{(dry weight) for different} blueberry

blueberry cultivars (cultivars (2010/2011 harv2010/2011 harvest).est).

The highest anthocyanin content was found in the fruit peel in all The highest anthocyanin content was found in the fruit peel in all cultivars, an expected result because the blueberry has a skin with coloring and cultivars, an expected result because the blueberry has a skin with coloring and accented blue tones and clear pulp.

accented blue tones and clear pulp.

The anthocyanins content in blueberry pulps showed no significant The anthocyanins content in blueberry pulps showed no significant differences among cultivars. Riihinem et al. [15], evaluating the differences among cultivars. Riihinem et al. [15], evaluating the phytochem

phytochemical ical content content in in different different parts parts of of blueberryblueberry, , found found a a content content of of 1.91.9 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1 in the pulp of the fruit, similar to the values found for in the pulp of the fruit, similar to the values found for the Powderblue and Climax cultivars. However, the level that the authors the Powderblue and Climax cultivars. However, the level that the authors found in the fruit peel (622.3 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

found in the fruit peel (622.3 mg CYD-3-G.100 g-1-1_{) was almost double that}_{) was almost double that} found in this study (315.35-496.56 mg CYD-3-G.100 g

Table 1. Total content of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in peel, Table 1. Total content of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds in peel,

pulp and whole f

pulp and whole fruit of blueberry cultivarsruit of blueberry cultivars

Cultivar

Cultivar Parts Parts of of the the fruitfruit Peel

Peel Pulp Pulp Whole Whole fruitfruit Total Anthocyanins (mg GYD-3-G 100 g

Total Anthocyanins (mg GYD-3-G 100 g-1-1)) Woodard

Woodard 343.88 343.88 cAcA1/1/ 6.72 6.72 aC aC 108.97 108.97 bBbB Powderblue

Powderblue 426.37 426.37 bA bA 2.22 2.22 aC aC 108.07 108.07 bBbB Bluebelle

Bluebelle 460.70 460.70 abA abA 0.97 0.97 aC aC 70.20 70.20 bBbB Briteblue

Briteblue 458.89 458.89 abA abA 3.06 3.06 aC aC 117.62 117.62 bBbB Climax

Climax 496.56 496.56 aA aA 2.61 2.61 aC aC 217.55 217.55 aBaB Delite

Delite 315.35 315.35 cA cA 12.41 12.41 aC aC 109.55 109.55 bBbB Total Phenolic Content (mg GAE 100 g

Total Phenolic Content (mg GAE 100 g-1-1)) Woodard

Woodard 1418.57 1418.57 cA cA 333.65 333.65 abC abC 816.83 816.83 bBbB Powderblue Powderblue 1637.58 1637.58 aA aA 215.40 215.40 dC dC 876.53 876.53 aBaB Bluebelle Bluebelle 1531.59 1531.59 bA bA 155.51 155.51 eC eC 858.52 858.52 aBaB Briteblue Briteblue 1544.25 1544.25 bA bA 324.39 324.39 bC bC 814.20 814.20 bBbB Climax Climax 1005.17 1005.17 eA eA 264.30 264.30 cC cC 612.61 612.61 cBcB Delite Delite 1282.63 1282.63 dA dA 359.55 359.55 aC aC 791.36 791.36 bBbB ACY/TPC relationship (%) ACY/TPC relationship (%) Woodard Woodard 24.24 24.24 bA bA 2.01 2.01 aC aC 13.34 13.34 bBbB Powderblue 26.05 Powderblue 26.05 bA bA 1.03 1.03 aC aC 12.33 12.33 bBbB Bluebelle Bluebelle 30.07 30.07 bA bA 0.62 0.62 aC aC 8.18 8.18 bBbB Briteblue Briteblue 29.71 29.71 bA bA 0.95 0.95 aC aC 14.45 14.45 bBbB Climax Climax 49.41 49.41 aA aA 0.99 0.99 aC aC 35.51 35.51 aBaB Delite Delite 24.58 24.58 bA bA 3.45 3.45 aC aC 13.84 13.84 bBbB 1/

1/_{Means followed by the same lower case letter in the column and upper case in the}_{Means followed by the same lower case letter in the column and upper case in the}

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