1. A larger sample size for this study would have been ideal as this would have identified other determinants for the low eGFR.
2. A prospective study with serial creatinine/eGFR measurements would have given a better interpretation of the age related changes in kidney function.
3. The inability to assay samples on the day of collection may have reduced the sensitivity in the results due to prolonged period of storage before assay.
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CXI APPENDIX I QUESTIONAIRE
SECTION A
1. Serial No: ………….
2. Phone No: …………..
Demographic Data 3 Initials: ………
4. Date of Birth: ……….
5. Gender: 1. Male 2.Female 6. Occupation: ……….
7. Tribe: 1. Hausa 2. Yoruba 3.Igbo 4.others (specify) ………
8. Marital Status: 1.Single 2.Married 3.Separated 4.Divorced 5. Widowed
9. Education: 1.None 2. Primary 3.Secondary 4.Tertiary (university, polytechnic and etc)
10. Average income per month: ………..
11. Religion: 1. Christianity 2. Islam 3. Traditional 4. None SECTION B: Medical history
12. Hypertension 1) Yes 2) No if yes duration……
13. Diabetes mellitus 1) Yes 2) No if yes duration…….
14. Obstructive uropathy/urinary incontinence 1) Yes 2) No 15. Kidney disease 1) Yes 2) No
16. Joint /knee pains 1) Yes 2) No
17. Malignancies e.g. thyroid cancer others specify……….
CXII
18. Non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs 1) Yes 2) No
3) If yes what type... 4) No of tablets per week……….
5) No of years use…………. 6) any use in the last 1 month…………
19. Herbal medications: 1) Yes 2) No Water /Solid/Alcohol based (Tick) If yes any use in the last 1 month………
20. Drug history: 1) Moduretic. 2) Laxis. 3) Thiazide. 4) Aldactone. 5) Beta-blockers.
6) ACEI/ARB. 7) Calcium channel blockers. 8) Cimethidine. 9) Trimethoprim. 10) Others (tick) any use in the last 1 month………..
Use of steroids 1) Yes 2) No If yes dosage……… any use in the last 1 month……
21. Smoking: 0) Non- smoker, Never smoked 1) Smoked but stopped, not regularly 2) Ex-smoker stopped for at least 1 year of regular smoking
3) Smoker has smoked regularly for at least last 1 year.
4) Duration and quantity of cigarettes smoked……….
5) Use of stuff containing Tobacco……….
6) Any use in the last 1 month………
22. Alcohol: 1) Not at all 2) took alcohol regularly before, but has now stopped.
3) Takes alcohol occasionally 4) Duration and volume of alcohol used………
4) any use in the last 1 month…………
SECTION C: Examination
23. Weight (kg)………
24. Height (cm)……….
25. Body mass index (BMI)………. (kg/m2) 26. Waist circumference………cm
CXIII 27. Hip circumference……….cm
28. Blood Pressure. Systole……… Diastole…….……. mmHg
SECTION D: Laboratory measurements 29. Urinalysis
protenuria (0) Negative (1) Trace (2) 1+ (3) 2+ (4) 3+
hematuria (0) Negative (1) Trace (2)1+ (3) 2+ (4) 3+
pH: Specific gravity: Others:
30. Urine microscopy findings 31. Urinary NAG…………... ng/ml 32. Fasting blood glucose……..mg/dl 33. Serum creatinine……..mg/dl 34. Serum cystatin C………ng/ml
35. eGFR………….ml/min(CKD-EPI creatinine) 36. eGFR………….ml/min(CKD-EPI cystatin C)
37. eGFR…………ml/min(CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C)
CXIV APPENDIX II
INFORMED CONSENT FORM
A study on Renal Function in Elderly Nigerians
My name is Dr. ULOKO ADA RACHAEL, a senior registrar in Nephrology Unit at the Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan. I would like to invite you to take part in this research study.
We know from research work done in America and Europe that abnormality of kidney function effects the elderly population and has clinical implications as regards health care cost and its strategies in this age population.
I am investigating the pattern of kidney function in elderly Nigerians
If you agree to be involved, I would like to perform a blood and urine test on you. Ten (10) mls of blood will be taken from you and a first morning sample of urine will be required.
The procedure is not harmful and takes some minutes to perform. The blood taking will cause a little sting as a result of needle prick.
If at any point you decide that you no longer wish to participate in this study, you may withdraw without any need to give your reasons and at no consequence to you.