1.1 VoIP satisfaction thresholds [16] . . . 9
2.1 3GPP schedule for standard releases and deployments . . . 14
2.2 E-UTRA/E-UTRAN layers and relative specifications . . . 15
2.3 E-UTRAN architecture with control and user planes . . . 17
2.4 LTE and SAE combined architecture . . . 17
2.5 T/F Grid with Resource Block (RB) representation . . . 19
2.6 Frame structure [13] . . . 21
2.7 Overview of eNodeB user and control plane, with functionalities mapping over ISO/OSI layers . . . 22
2.8 Radio Architecture for LTE. All channels denominations are de-fined in [6], [5] and [7] . . . 23
2.9 Time/frequency schedulers . . . 26
2.10 Signal power variation in time and frequency . . . 27
2.11 Frequency allocation comparison in DL and UL due to SC-FDMA constraints [13] . . . 27
2.12 Illustration of the three CQI reporting methods . . . 30
2.13 DRX states . . . 33
2.14 Long DRX Cycle and Short DRX Cycle . . . 34
2.15 DRX states and HARQ retransmissions . . . 34
3.1 Simulator architecture . . . 36
3.2 Brady model . . . 39
3.3 Brady model silence and active state occupancy duration . . . . 41
3.4 Downlink SINR trace . . . 43
3.5 Uplink SINR trace . . . 43
3.6 Downlink G-factor versus average UL SINR. Red point shows UE’s working point . . . 44
3.7 Downlink and uplink average SINR . . . 45
3.8 SINR versus BLER mapping function used to find the MCS that ensure BLER target . . . 46
3.9 Link Adaptation Scheme . . . 46
3.10 Dynamic Scheduling flow chart . . . 49
3.11 DS - BLEP trend in downlink for different Aupvalues and differ-ent CQI reporting periods . . . 50
3.12 DS - BLEP trend in uplink for different Aup values and different CQI reporting periods . . . 51
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LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES
3.13 Downlink average number of assigned PRBs with OLLA offset
and channel quality reporting period variation . . . 52
3.14 Uplink average number of assigned PRBs with OLLA offset and channel quality reporting period variation . . . 53
3.24 a) BLEP trace during talk-spurt in a generic call; b) Real WB-SINR versus estimated WB-WB-SINR in the same talk-spurt . . . 60
3.25 SPS - Average number of allocated PRBs in downlink and uplink transmission, Time Aggressiveness = 0.9 . . . 60
3.26 SPS - Average number of allocated PRBs in downlink and uplink transmission, Time Aggressiveness = 0.8 . . . 61
3.27 SPS - Average number of allocated PRBs in downlink and uplink transmission, Time Aggressiveness = 0.7 . . . 61
3.28 SPS - Average number of allocated PRBs in downlink and uplink transmission, Time Aggressiveness = 0.6 . . . 62
3.29 Downlink BLEP AVI curves . . . 63
3.30 Uplink BLEP AVI curves . . . 63
3.31 HARQ: The user can be scheduled at least after 8 ms . . . 64
3.32 Downlink HARQ: the packet retransmission can be scheduled at least after 8 ms . . . 64
3.33 Uplink HARQ: the packet retransmission can be scheduled only after 8 ms . . . 65
3.34 Overall BLEP after two retransmissions . . . 66
3.35 Power Consumption Model . . . 66
4.1 SPS - Downlink BLEP CDF, single user scenario . . . 70
4.2 SPS - Uplink BLEP CDF, single user scenario . . . 71
4.3 SPS - Downlink BLEP CDF, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 72
4.4 SPS - Uplink BLEP CDF, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 72
4.5 SPS - Average power consumption, single user scenario . . . 74
4.6 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, single user scenario . . . 75
4.7 SPS - Average power consumption, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 75
4.8 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 76
4.9 SPS - Uplink packet drop probability, multiple user scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 76
4.10 SPS - Average power consumption, single user scenario, CQI re-porting type 1 . . . 78
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LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES
4.11 SPS - Average power consumption, single user scenario, CQI
re-porting type 3 . . . 78
4.12 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, single user scenario, CQI reporting type 1 . . . 79
4.13 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, single user scenario, CQI reporting type 3 . . . 80
4.14 SPS - Average power consumption, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge), CQI reporting type 1 . . . 80
4.15 SPS - Average power consumption, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge), CQI reporting type 3 . . . 81
4.16 Downling UE scheduling with static DRX/DTX . . . 82
4.17 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge), CQI reporting type 1 . . . 82
4.18 SPS - Downlink packet drop probability, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge), CQI reporting type 3 . . . 83
4.19 Uplink UE scheduling with short DRX/DTX . . . 83
5.1 DS - Downlink BLEP CDF, single user scenario . . . 87
5.2 DS - Uplink BLEP CDF, single user scenario . . . 88
5.3 DS - Downlink BLEP CDF, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 90
5.4 DS - Uplink BLEP CDF, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 91
5.5 DS - Average power consumption, CQI/SRS periodicity 20ms, single user scenario . . . 92
5.6 DS - Average power consumption, CQI/SRS periodicity 20ms, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 93
5.7 DS - Uplink packet drop probability, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . 94
5.8 DS - Average power consumption, shortDRX, CQI/SRS period-icity 10ms, single user scenario . . . 95
5.9 DS - Downlink packet drop probability, shortDRX, CQI/SRS pe-riodicity 10ms, single user scenario . . . 96
5.10 DS - Uplink packet drop probability, shortDRX, single user scenario 97 5.11 DS - Average power consumption, shortDRX, CQI/SRS period-icity 10ms, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . . 98
5.12 DS - Downlink packet drop probability, shortDRX, CQI/SRS pe-riodicity 10ms, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . 98
5.13 DS - Average power consumption, shortDRX, CQI/SRS period-icity 20ms, single user scenario . . . 100
5.14 DS - Downlink packet drop probability, shortDRX, CQI/SRS pe-riodicity 20ms, single user scenario . . . 101
5.15 DS - Uplink packet drop probability, CQI/SRS periodicity 20ms, single user scenario . . . 102
5.16 DS - Average power consumption, shortDRX, CQI/SRS period-icity 20ms, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . . . 102
5.17 DS - Downlink packet drop probability, shortDRX, CQI/SRS pe-riodicity 20ms, multiple users scenario (250 users at cell edge) . . 103
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LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES
6.1 SPS - Average power consumption versus downlink packet drop probability, single user scenario . . . 105 6.2 DS - Average power consumption versus downlink packet drop
probability, single user scenario . . . 105 6.3 SPS - Average power consumption versus uplink packet drop
probability, single user scenario . . . 106 6.4 DS - Average power consumption versus uplink packet drop
prob-ability, single user scenario . . . 106 6.5 SPS - Average power consumption versus downlink packet drop
probability, multiple users scenario (250 users) . . . 107 6.6 DS - Average power consumption versus downlink packet drop
probability, multiple users scenario (250 users) . . . 108 6.7 SPS - Average power consumption versus uplink packet drop
probability, multiple users scenario (250 users) . . . 108 6.8 DS - Average power consumption versus uplink packet drop
prob-ability, multiple users scenario (250 users) . . . 109
119