Flow in the river

Map 8 Locations of flow measurement

Source: (Impact of Urbanization on river environment-A case study of Nag River in Nagpur)

Table 19 Flow in Nag River

Source: (Impact of Urbanization on river environment-A case study of Nag River in Nagpur)

Location Flow Cu.m/sec Flow MLD

1 Inside VRCE (100 mu/s) 0.075 6.48

2 Dhantoli (100 mu/s of dagi pool) 0.075 45

3 Ramabai Ambedkar nagar 1.7 147

4 500 mu/s of confluence with pili River 2.03 175.4

5 100 mu/s of confluence point 2.56 221.2

Page 82 4.2.2 River water quality

There is a great difference between the water quality tested by MPCB and NEERI. Also MPCB has their monitoring location on places were least most possible pollution can be found if it is correctly tested. High court is directly blaming MPCB for making Nagpur city so crippled that its sewage water has polluted a distant A-II grade River. High court is asking MPCB for the compensation for the environmental damage that has been occurred, on Gosekhud dam, and its back water. Instead of acting in direction to reduce pollution it seems that MPCB is so irresponsible for its deeds that MPCB has been indulge in denotification of first stretch of Nag River that is an important part to restore and prevent the pollution of Nag rivers corridor inside the city and beyond.

Denotification will cause heavy industrial activity in the watershed of first stretch of Nag River. That will directly and heavily impact the health of Nag River and citizens of Nagpur. Therefore it is highly unlikely that MPCB is not adulteration Environmental monitoring data.

4.2.2.1 According to MPCB

River water quality according to MPCB suggests that the river is not highly polluted and can sustain fishes etc. MPCB only have three monitoring locations on Nag River and two on Pilli River. Location of these monitoring stations is shown in. Temporal variation in BOD for Nag and Pilli River respectively is shown in and. Similarly for COD and, DO and

Map 9 Locations of MPCB monitoring stations

Source: (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board)

Temporal variation River

Figure 14

0 20 40 60

NAG RIVER

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN

Locations of MPCB monitoring stations

(Maharashtra Pollution Control Board) (Nagpur Municipal Corporation)

variation in environmental quality of the Nag and Pilli

14 Nag River BOD Figure 15 Pilli River BOD NAG RIVER

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN BOD

0 20 40 60

PILI RIVER BOD TEMPORAL

VARIATION

Page 83 (Nagpur Municipal Corporation)

the Nag and Pilli

Pilli River BOD

TEMPORAL VARIATION

Figure 16

16 Nag River COD Figure 17Pili River COD

(Maharashtra Pollution Control Board)

18Nag River DO Figure 19Pili River DO

(Maharashtra Pollution Control Board)

Figure 20

Source: (Maharashtra Pollution Control Board) According to the graphs above

fish life in river.

have bad odour. The bad smelling river cannot sustain fish life 0

20Nag River SS Figure 21Pilli River SS

(Maharashtra Pollution Control Board)

According to the graphs above BOD and COD seen in river can sustain But according to observation river water is very polluted and have bad odour. The bad smelling river cannot sustain fish life.

NAG RIVER

4.2.2.2 According to

Map 10 Locations of NEERI monitoring stations

Source: - NEERI, Nagpur.

But according to NEERI scenario is very different. Their monitoring reports show that mere sewage is flowing inside the river.

COD present in this sewage is even very high as compared to ordinary sewage would have. It is very important to find out the cause of this high amount of COD in water.

According to NEERI

Locations of NEERI monitoring stations

NEERI, Nagpur.

But according to NEERI scenario is very different. Their monitoring reports show that mere sewage is flowing inside the river. And the amount of COD present in this sewage is even very high as compared to ordinary sewage would have. It is very important to find out the cause of this high amount of COD

Page 86 But according to NEERI scenario is very different. Their monitoring And the amount of COD present in this sewage is even very high as compared to ordinary sewage would have. It is very important to find out the cause of this high amount of COD

Figure 22

Source: - NEERI 2004, Nagpur.

Figure 24 Nag River DO

Source: - NEERI 2004, Nagpur.

22Nag River BOD Figure 23Nag River COD

NEERI 2004, Nagpur.

Nag River DO

NEERI 2004, Nagpur.

Page 87 Nag River COD

Page 88

4.3 ASSESSMENT OF WATERSHEDS

Below table 21 giving comparative outlook on current and proposed projects on sewage. The proposed STPs in year 2011 are in progress. Construction of STP in central zone is almost complete but the linking it to the pumping station for commencement is still awaiting. Refer table 22 and table 23 to have idea about situation of sewage network now and then in future.

Table 20 Zone wise sewage condition Zones Availa

*Existing STP of Central Zone in Bhanadewadi of 100 MLD capacity is expanded with the additional 100 MLD in 2011 and 92 MLD in 2026.

Source: (Nag River rejuvenation plan) (City Sanitation Plan)

Page 89 Table 21 Zone wise storm water drainage status

Particulars North Zone Central Zone

Table 22 Current Length of drains, implemented projects costs

S.No. Particulars North

Page 90 crore

7 Total O & M cost in crore 10 10 10 30

Source: (City Sanitation Plan)

4.3.1 North zone (watershed of Pillli River)

North sewage zone or north storm water drainage zone defined by Nagpur Municipal Corporation fall almost in the watershed of Pilli River. Gorewada Lake is in the watershed of Pilli River, and River then extends from the overflow point of this lake. Watershed on upside extending outside the city is of importance for the health of river inside the city and also the water in Gorewada lake, that municipality is been using for drinking water purposes. Gorewada Lake collects most of the water from adjacent areas which are outside the city. This Lake is artificially created by Britishers, for their water needs for their colonies in civil lines area. The water in Gorewada is use by NMC for drinking water purposes;

therefore it is not flown into the river. Although base flow of water from upper side of this watershed creates flow into the Pilli river. A good Flow is observed into the river just after kilometers from dam. Eventually this river starts to flow through less urbanized areas. And then onwards it collects sewage from some urbanized patches. Almost the entire corridor of this river is not encroached upon.

The streams seem to have enough space for itself to adjust itself, modify and react to natural disturbances. On some places there are some slums situated close to the bank of Pili River. These slums seem to be new and can easily be eradicated.

Many new buildings and housing societies are coming in surrounding areas; real estate development is just getting started here. The upstream of the North watershed that is Gorewada Lake, its surrounding areas, and forest in those areas is under the proposal of development of wild life tourism. This area will be developed for wild life tourism into a sanctuary.

Eastern part of zone is fully sewered while western part is partially sewered. There are about 376 kms of existing sewerage network (i.e.

underground). And additional of 763.7 kms of sewerage system is proposed for this zone. Three sewerage treatment plants are proposed for this zone. Existing Storm water drainage network is about 323.48 kms and about 1690 kms of drains

Page 91 are proposed. Out of these 323.48 kms of storm water drains 25% drains are replaced with new drains.

Proposed STP (Activated sludge process) 100 MLD in yr 2011 (work is in progress) 100 MLD in yr 2021

50 MLD in yr2031

Water quality of treated sewage water proposed will be, TSS 400 mg/l → 30 mg/l

TSS 350 mg/l → 20 mg/l

Proposed Decentralized Waste water treatment plant (Pilot STP):

5 MLD 5 MLD

As per the ‘Rejuvenation of Rivers in Nagpur’ plan awaited for clearance from NRCD (National River Conservation Department) Following are the future proposals for this zone.

1. One time desilting and cleaning of all existing sewers

2. Provision of street sewers in streets which are not severed at present

3. Provision for trunk sewer and main and sub-main sewers to connect up the existing and new street sewers and convey their flow to the proposed final pumping station for the zone.

4. Replacing undersized existing sewer lines.

5. Repairs of deteriorated existing sewers.

6. 757 kms of new sewers proposed under Sewage Development scheme upon natural terrain & topography of Nagpur in this zone.

7. Sewer size ranges from 150mm SW pipes to 2600mm RCC pipes.

Page 92 8. Two road side lift pumping stations and one terminal pumping station proposed. This terminal sewage pumping station will be located at Vandhra and will pump sewage to STP.

9. Proposed to have an independent STP for North zone located at Vandhra.

Water treated by STP’s in North zone will go to MAHAGENCO power plant for reuse in their cooling towers and ash handling. Water from Pilli River will not be sufficient for MAHAGENCO so the treated water from central zone will be pumped to STP location on Pilli River and then will be pumped to MAHAGENCO.

Central zone (watershed of Nag River)

Central sewage zone or central storm water drainage zone defined by Nagpur Municipal Corporation fall almost in the watershed of Nag River.

Ambazari Lake and Phutala Lake are in the watershed of Nag River, and River then extends from the overflow point of Ambazari lake and a stream from Phutala lake meets to Nag at sangam. Watershed on upside extending outside the city is of importance for the health of river inside the city and also the water in Ambazari lake, that municipality is been selling for industrial water purposes. Ambazari Lake collects most of the water from adjacent areas of stream which is outside the city. This stream starts from village called Lava. This Lake is artificially created by Bhosale kingdom, for their water needs in core old city area along Nag River.

Because Ambazari lakes water is sold to industries by NMC; it is not flown into the river because it is a source for NMC to generate revenue. Ambazari lakes water is not usable for drinking water purposes, because it’s upstream is been polluted by urbanized areas situated on watershed of this stretch of river. Phutala Lake which is built by Bhosales for its use in gardens is now used for fish farming by NMC. A stream then extends from the overflow point of this lake. Presence of green areas and experimental agricultural farms, on Phutala stream seeps into the groung and therefore the groundwater quality around Lake and the part of stream that is flowing through posh areas is good. Nag River is a one of the 20 notified

Page 93 rivers by state environment department. And the stretch from origin near Lava village till Abbazari Lake is categorized into A-II Class River. And the stretch extending from Ambazari lakes overflow point onwards is categorized into SW-II class. Although the water from Ambazari Lake is obstructed by dam, base flow can be observed in nearby stream after desilting in summer season. According to historic memories from people, River use to have flow in it for entire year. People use to bath in river and the water was been used for rice fields. Therefore we can presume that the water that was flowing in rivers was created by base flow, because Nagpur situation in Deccan trap, bringing water from distant Satpuda ranges from inside the ground i.e. baseflow.

Central drainage zone or central sewage zone is sewered with 696 kms of sewerage network and 238.6 kms of sewerage network is proposed. It need about 1000 kms of sewerage network to reach 100% sewered network benchmark.

Existing Storm water drainage network is about 461 kms and about 961 kms of drains are proposed. Out of these 461 kms of storm water drains 31% drains are replaced with new drains.

STP Activated sludge process 100 MLD (existing)

100 MLD in yr 2011 (work in progress) 96 MLD in yr 2026

Water quality that is been proposed for this zone by all these proposals will be, TSS 400 mg/l → 30 mg/l

BOD 350 mg/l → 20 mg/l

Proposed Decentralized Waste water treatment plant (Pilot STP):

3 MLD 3 MLD 5 MLD 5 MLD

Page 94 Under JNNURM project “reuse of waste water” 100 MLD of STP is proposed that will be erected by MAHAGENCO with secondary treatment of sewage that will be collected. Under the agreement between Nagpur Municipal Corporation and MAHAGENCO plant is now been erected near exiting Bhandewadi STP. This STP will start to function after some time. And the trunk mains, Diversion mains, pumping main will be erected under “River rejuvenation plan” submitted to NRCD.

Also state minor irrigation department is lifting treated and raw sewage water for the irrigation of 875 hectare at the cost of 5 crore.

4.3.2 South zone (watershed of Pohra River)

Watershed of Pohra River extends way beyond the municipal boundary limits. Pohra River starts from Sonegaon lake overflow point situated near Airport. Most of the NMC defined south sewerage zone or say south drainage zone is on the north side of Phora River valley. Recently MIHAN (Multi-Model International Passenger and Cargo Hub Airport at Nagpur) project is underway in this watershed. In this project development of existing airport of Nagpur into the international passenger and cargo hub airport with huge SEZ. Therefore it is a composite project of airport, road terminal, rail terminal, SEZ and various other allied services like housing, health city, international school etc. As a result urban development is extending toward south direction and real estate market is at boom in Nagpur. Because of this urbanization increasing pollution from this zone is observed. NMC has proposed to situate 2 STP of 100 MLD capacities in this zone. MIHAN project should also take the responsibility of pollution caused by its projects and development caused by this project. Although huge part of the catchment of Pohra River falls outside NMC boundary, NMC should enforce the responsibility to those who have jurisdiction in that area and are developing that region. Because in future it will come under NMC’s jurisdiction. And the efforts that are been taken by NMC to protect Rivers like Kanhan and AII grade Vainganga will go to vain. Currently only the part of the zone is sewered that is

Page 95 inside NMC boundary. That is about 452 kms of existing sewerage network. And 192.67 kms of sewerage network is proposed for this zone. There is no existing sewage pumping station. But there are six pumping stations will be provided for this zone and out of these six pumping stations two will be the terminal pumping stations. And two STP are proposed for this zone, near Chikhli. Existing Storm water drainage network is about 153 kms and about 1390 kms of drains are proposed. Out of these 153 kms of storm water drains 57% drains are replaced with new drains.

Two STPs at Chikhli

Water quality of treated sewage water proposed will be, TSS 400 mg/l → 30 mg/l

TSS 350 mg/l → 20 mg/l

Proposed Decentralized Waste water treatment plant (Pilot STP):

5 MLD

As per the ‘Rejuvenation of Rivers in Nagpur’ plan awaited for clearance from NRCD (National River Conservation Department) Following are the future proposals for this zone.

1. One time desilting and cleaning of all existing sewers

2. Provision of street sewers in streets which are not severed at present

3. Provision for trunk sewer and main and sub-main sewers to connect up the existing and new street sewers and convey their flow to the proposed final pumping station for the zone.

4. Replacing undersized existing sewer lines.

5. Repairs of deteriorated existing sewers.

6. 192.67 kms of new sewers proposed under Sewage Development scheme upon natural terrain & topography of Nagpur in this zone.

7. Sewer size ranges from 150mm SW pipes to 2600mm RCC pipes.

Page 96 8. Six sewage pumping station are proposed for this zone, out of these six two will be the terminal pumping stations. These two terminal pumping station will then pump sewage to STP’s.

9. Proposed to have two STP for South zone located at Chikhli.

From this zone secondary treated sewage water will be supplied to MIHAN and SEZ located on south of the city. (MIHAN = Multi-Model International Passenger and Cargo Hub Airport at Nagpur). 39 MLD of non-potable water will be supplied to MIHAN and its SEZ by year 2035.

Page 97

4.4 ASSESSMENT OF NAG RIVER STRETCH

4.4.1 Activities on Nodal points

Proposals on Nag River as per “River rejuvenation plan’ submitted to NRCD.

Proposals Nodes

Waste water treatment plant (Pilot STP) P2, P5, 2, 4, 11,

Check dams All

Rain water harvesting P2, P3, P5, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16 River front dev. E.g. Const. of Ghats,

decks, & floor beds

3, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16

Sanitation for economically weak section. 9, 10,11

Enhancing water quality through eco.

technologies

P5,12, 15,

Ecological park and green zone 9, 10

Heritage and recreation P2, 4, 11, 16

Pedestrian bridge Nag River & Phutala tributary

Cycle tracks Nag River & Phutala tributary

Green buffers Nag River & Phutala tributary

Percolation well Nag River & Phutala tributary

Water retention pond 16

Page 98 Map 11 Chainages and landuse along the Nag River

Source: (Nag River rejuvenation plan) (Nagpur Municipal Corporation)

Page 99 1} Chainage segment 0-720:

Length of the stretch – 720m

Catchment area – 696.94 ha

Landuse along the stretch: This stretch starts from overflow Point of Ambazari Lake, is the dam that is been created by Bhonsale empire to trap water. Stream then enters into area owned by Haldiram’s Krazy castle a waterpark; it has been well maintained by Haldiram’s. Almost all the area on Southern side of this stretch is open and has green cover.

Nodal points identified of the basis of heritage/ religious, institutional structures and significance of ecology, Physical and visual connectivity: - None

Proposals and activities along the stretch: Excavators dug in two streams in this area which will cause free flow of water overflow from river. Excavation also

Page 100 caused fresh water springs to come to surface in a summer season. Beatification of Nag river stretch by Krazy castle outside its boundary limits.

2} Chainage segment 720-2750:

Length of the stretch – 2030 m Catchment area – 698.94 ha

Number of check dams: 10 Length of check dams: 20 m

Spacing between check dams: 210 m Height of the check dams: 0.7 m

Landuse along the stretch: Almost half of the stretch has open green cover on southern side. While the remaining stretch passes through mixed and residential landuse. Whereas this area is more posh as compared to others resulting in good quality of wastewater. As well as because of the presence of agricultural land nearby base flow is added to the stream and also the groundwater quality is good.

Nodal points identified of the basis of heritage/ religious, institutional structures and significance of ecology, Physical and visual connectivity:-

Node 1: NIT skating stadium

Encroachment (concrete) by NIT skating stadium. (Nag River rejuvenation plan)

Page 101 Node2: Behind Dharampeth high school

In this area Natural vegetation is found in agricultural land. Therefore Groundwater and wastewater quality in this stretch is good. It is an important location to preserve the ecology of this area. This stretch has a 10 meter wide basin, because of deposition of garbage collected by water runoff from settlement and slums. Silt is deposited deposit on the edges of bank. (Nag River rejuvenation plan)

Proposals and activity along the stretch: This area is more posh as compared to others resulting in good quality of wastewater. As well as because of the presence of agricultural land near to the stream base flow (ground water percolation) is also added to the stream. Groundwater quality of this stretch is good. Presence of silt

Proposals and activity along the stretch: This area is more posh as compared to others resulting in good quality of wastewater. As well as because of the presence of agricultural land near to the stream base flow (ground water percolation) is also added to the stream. Groundwater quality of this stretch is good. Presence of silt

In document Impact of urbanization on water bodies: Case of Nag River at Nagpur (Page 98-180)