Foam:-Class B - igc-2.pdf

 Excludes Oxygen-Blanket Effect

 Suitable For Class B Fires

 Aqueous Film Forming Foam 3. Dry Powder:-Class A,B,C

 Powder Has A Smothering Effect But No Cooling Properties

 Can Be Used On All Types Of Fire 4. Carbondioxid:-Class B,E

 High Pressure Cylinder Containing Liquified Co2

 Liquid Vapourises In Contact With Air

 Safe To Use On Electrical Fires And Burning Liquids Inspection And Maintenance Of Fire Extinguishers

Inspection:-Routine (Perhaps Monthly) Visual Check To Ensure Extinguishers Are Place,Not Been Discharged Or Damaged.

Maintenance:-Involves An Annual Examination By A Competent Person With The Removal And Replacement Of Equipment Found Faulty And The Date Af The Inspection Recorded.

 Daily Checks (Fire Warden)

 Weekly Inspection (Fire Warden)

 Annualy Serviced (Competent Person)

 Five Yearly Extended Service/Discharge Sitting Of Fire

Extinguishers:- Accessibility

 Proximity To Exits/Escape Routes

 Visibility And Signage

 Locate Off Ground With Adequate Support

 Suitable Type

 Protection Against Damage And Weather Emergency Evacuation

Procedured:- Means Of Raising The Alarm

 Contacting The Emergency Services

 Fire Evacuation Routes

 Fire Evacuation Signs

 Who Are And The Role Of Fire Marshals

 Type Of Fire Extinguishers

 Not To Use Lifts

 Evacuation In An Orderly Fashion Practice

Drills:-Practice Drills Should Be Undertaken

To:- Checking Alarm Can Be Heard Throughout The Premises

 Testing The Effectiveness Of Evacuation Procedure

 Familiarising Employees With The Alarms Etc

 Giving Fire Awards To Practice Their Roles

 Satisfy A Legal Requirement

Element-4 Electrical Safety Ohms

Law:-The Higher Law:-The Electrical Pressure (V) Or Law:-The Lower Law:-The Circuit Resistance (R),Law:-The Higher Is Law:-The Current That Flows In An Electric Circuit.

I=V/R

I=Is Measured In Ams (A),Which Is The Electron Flow Or Current V=Is Measured In Voltas (V),Potential Difference Or Pressure R=The Resistance Is Measured In Ohms

Electrical Power=Voltage*Current Main Dangers Of

Electricity:-1. Electric Shock:-Contact With Live Parts.

 Direct

Contact:-Coming Into Contact With A Conductor That Is Supposed To Be Live.

 Indirect

Contact:-Coming Into Contact With A Conductor That Is Not Live In Normal Conditions But Has Become Live Due To A Fault.

2. Arcing

3. Fire And Explosion 4. Burns

Severity Of Electric

Shock:- Current In Amperes

 Length Of Contact Time

 Path Through The Body

 Conductivity/Resistance Of The Body

 The Voltage

 Conductivity Of The Environment

 Nature Of The Current

 Nature Of Contact

 Age And Health Status Of Victim If A Person Hass Received An Electric

Shock:- Don’t Touch Injured Person Until The Current Is Switched Off

 If The Current Cannot Be Switched Off,Stand On Some Dry Insulating Material And Use A Wooden Or Plastic Implement To Remove The Injured Person From The Electric Source

 Administer First-Aid If Qualified

 Call Professional Help Causes Of Electric

Fire:- Inadequate Circuits For The Current

 Overloaded Circuits

 Incorrect Fuses

 Damaged Wiring And Insulation

 Loose Connections

 Overheating Of Cables

 Overheating Due To Thermal Insulation

 Overheating Due To Lack Of Ventilation

 Flammable Materials Too Close To Electrical Equipment Effects Of Electricity On

Body:- Damage To The Nervous System

 Fibrillation (Irregular Heartbeat)

 Tissue Burns At Entry And Exit

 Damage To Internal Organs

 Muscular Contractions

 Physical Trauma

 Stopping Breathing

 Stopping The Heart Secondary

Effects:- Falls From Height

 Unintentional Movement Of Machinery

 Failure Of Control Measures And Security Systems

 Corporate Reputation

 Throw Off Electricity Protection

Devices:- Fuses

 Circuit Breaker

 Earthing

 Isolation

 Reduced Voltage

 Battery Operated Tools

 Residual Current Devices (Rcd)

 Double Insulation

Fuse:-A Specialy Designed Weak Link Which Is Designed To Melt Fuse:-At Fuse:-A Predetermined Value Of Current.

Advantages:- Cheap And Rapidly Available

 Protects Equipment

Disadvantages:- Will Not Protect Individuals

 Slow To Operate

 Inaccurate

 Unsuitable Or Wrong Fuse May Be Used

 Easy To Overwide

 Needs Tool To Replace Circuit

Breakers:-Electromagnetic Devices Which Perform The Same Function As Fuses But Operate Faster.

Advantages:- Automatically Trip Under Fault Conditions

 No Tools Required To Reset

 Not Easy To Defeat

 Protects Equipment From Overload

Disadvantages:- May Be Mistaken For An Rcd

 Do Not Protect The Individual

Earthing:-Electricity Will Always Try To Reach Earth And Earthing Is Means Of Providing A Low Resistance Path To Earth.

Advantages:- Prevent Indirect Electric Shock

 Readily Identified

Disadvantages:- Specialist Testing And Maintenance,Professional Installation

 No Protection If Removed

Isolation:-Shutting Off The Electric Supply To An Item Or Equipment And Preventing The System From Being Mistakenly Reconnected.

Advantages:- Safest Option As It Eliminates Electricity

 May Be Physically Locked Off

Disadvantages:- May Be Isolate Other Equipment

 May Be Reconnected Without Lock Off

 Prevents Live Fault Finding Reduced Voltage

System:-Reducing The Mains Voltage By Means Of A Transformer To A Lower Safer Voltage E.G. 110 Volts Or 55 Volts.

Advantages:- At 55v-Injury Is Highly Unlikely

 Colour Coded Cabling System For Easy Recognition

Disadvantages:- Specialist Equipment E.G. Transformer Required

 Lead From Supply To Transfer At Highr Voltages,Needing Protection With Rcd Battery Operated

Tools:-

Advantages:- Little Risk During Normal Use

 Not Restricted By Cable

 Not Trailing Cable

Disadvantages:- Limited Use

 Low Power Output

 Constant Charging Required

Residual Current Device

(Rcd):-Compares The Electricity Flow To The Equipment With The Return Flow And If A Difference Is Detected The Equipment Is Isolated.

Advantages:- Rapid And Sensitive

 Difficult To Defeat

 Easy To Use,Test And Reset

 Cannot Be Reset With A Fault On The Circuit

Disadvantages:- May Isolate Crucial Equipment If One Rcd Covers A Number Of Distribution Points E.G. Freezers And Computers

 Mechanical Device Which Could Fail

 No Overload Protection Double

Isolation:-Two Separate Layers Of Insulation Are Provided Which Allows For Fault Detection Where One Layer Has Failed The Other Still Provides Protection.

Advantages:- Two Layers Of Insulation Prevent User Contact With Any Live Parts

 No Earth Required

Disadvantages:- Physical Damage May Defeat Double Insulation

 No Earth Therefore No Protection If Used With Equipment That Requires Earth Portable Electrical

Equipments:-Accidents Caused

By:- Using Unsuitable Apparatus

 Inadequate Maintenance Or Misuse

 Using Defective Apparatus

 Modifications By Unauthorised Person

 Modifications Whilst The Appliance Is Live

 Using Equipment In Unsuitable Environments

 No System Of Inspection Or Removal Of Damaged Equipment

Precautions (Portable

Equipments):- Reduced Voltage Operation

 Use Of Residual Current Circuit Breakers

 Protected Against Overload

 Cables Insulated

 Sufficient Socket Outlets

 Use Of Cable Drums

 Properly Trained Staff

 Regular Inspections And Checks

 Correct Sheathing Types Of

Inspection:- User Checks

 Formal Visual Inspection

 Combined Inspection And Test (Pat) Frequency Of Inspections And

Test:- Manufacturer’s Recommendations

 Age Of Equipment

 Robustness Of Equipment

 Double Insulated Or Earthed

 Type Of Cable

 Extent Of Use

 Users Of Equipment

 Environment

 Abuse Or Misuse

 History Of Equipment

Reasons To Keep Records Of Inspection And Testing Of Electrical

Equipment:- Inspection By Authorised Person

 In Case Test Label Removed

 Test Frequencies Maintained

 Record Actions Of Faults Rectified Electrical Safety In Office

Environment:- Equipment Of Approved Standard

 Maintenance Of Fixed Electrical Installations

 There Is A Means Of Isolation

 Connections,Wiring Free From Defects

 Correct Fuses

 Plugs Correctly Wired

 No Overloading Of Sockets

 Appliances Switched Off When Not In Use

 Pat Testing In Date

 Cables Correctly Routed

 Rcds Used

 System For Reporting Of Defects Precautions For On Working Live

Parts:- Trained And Competent Staff

 Accompanied By Another Person

 Adequate Information About The Risks

 Suitable Insulated Tools

 Insulated Barriers On Screens

 Suitable Instruments And Test Probes

 Ppe

 Permit To Work

 Restricted Access

Element-5

Musculaskeletal Hazards And Risk Control



Ergonomics:-Study Of Relationship Between A Worker And The Working Environment.

 People Vary Enormously In Height,Weight,Strength Etc.

 The Equipment Designed To Avg. Man

 This Leads To Physical Injuries Ergonomic Assessment



Organisation:-Supervision,Procedures,Breaks,Shift Patterns.

 Equipment Or

Process:-Human Limitations,Analyse Task Etc.

 The

Individual:-Physical Capabilities,Knowledge Attitude.



Environment:-Temperature,Noise,Space,Lighting Etc.

Causes Of Wrulds:-W=Work

R=Related U=Upper L=Limb D=Disorders

Wrulds Are Caused

By:- Repetitive Finger,Hand Or Arm Movements,E.G. Assembly Line Work,Keyboard Operators

 Twisting Movements,E.G. Meat And Poultry Preparation

 Squeezing,E.G. Using Pliers,Scissors

 Pushing,Pulling,Lifting Or Reaching Movements,E.G. Assembling Packing Boxes

 Work On A Production Line

 Bricklying Symptoms Of Wrulds

 Numbness Or Tingling In Fingers Etc.

 Pain

 Restriction In Joint Movement

 Saft Tissue Swelling

 In Addition To Symptoms:-Redness,Swelling And Limitation Of Movement.

Wrulds

Prevention:- Identify Of Risk Jobs

 Reduce The Force Frequency And Duration

 Design Of The Equipment

 Automate The Process

 Design Of The Work Station

 Job Rotation

 Regular Breaks

 Training Employees In Correct Use Of Tools

 Medical Surveillance

 Assessment Of Individual For The Task Health Effects Of

Dse:-D=Display S=Screen E=Equipments

 Musculoskeletol Disorders (Hand,Arm,Shoulder)

 Eye And Eyesight Problems

 Fatigue And Stress

 Epilespy

 Facial Dermatitis

 Radiation

 Effects On Pregnant Women D.S.E Assessment

 Organisation:-Job Rotation,Breaks.



Individual:-Physical Characteristics,Training.



Environment:-Noise,Lighting,Glare,Temperature,Space Etc.



Equipment:-Height/Position Of Keyboard And Screen,Seating Posture,Design Of Chair,Screen Definition And Colour,Adjustibility Of Equipment.

Dse Workstation Layout

 Good Lighting

 No Glare,Distracting Reflection

 Noise To Minimum

 Aple Legroom To Allow Postural Movement

 Minimise Glare (Windows)

 Suitable Software

 Screen Suitable Position

 Ample Work Surfaces

 Suitable Chair/Adjustable

 Footrest If Necessary

 Suitable Environment Other D.S.E Requirements

 Plan Work With Breaks

-Provision Of Eye/Eyesight Test

 Training And Information -Risks From Dse Work

-Importance Of Good Posture Laptops(Design,Usage)

The Mouse(Good Posture And Technique) Manual Handling

Supporting Or Any Transport Of A Load By Hand Or Body

Force,Including:- Pulling

 Putting Down

 Pushing

 Lifting

 Carrying

 Moving

 Holding Manual Handling Aids

 Pallet Jack

 Pallet Jack Scissor Lift

 Coil Lifting Jig

 Tilting Barrel Lifting

 Hydraulic Jack

 Conveyer

Causes Of Accidents From Manual Handling

 Slips,Trips And Falls

 Poor Lifting Techniques

 Loads Which Are Too Heavy For The Individual Undertaking The Task

 Unexpectedly Heavy Loads

 Poor Posture

 The Environment

Employees At Risk Of Manual Handilg Injuries

 Construction Workers

 Ware House

 Care And Health Workers

 Postmen,Refuse Collectors,Furniture Movers Etc.

Types Of Injuries Caused By Manual Handling External

 Cuts And Abrasions,Mostly Involving The Upper Body And Libs

 Bruises,Crush Injuries,Lacerations Internal

 Fractures,Either As A Result Of Falls Or Dropping Heavy Objects Onto The Body

 Strains And Muscle Injuries Involving The Spine

 Strains And Muscle Injuries Involving Other Parts Of The Body General Guidelines On Safe Manual Handling Of Loads

1. Filters

Guidance Weights Should Be Reduced By10% If Thee Work Involves A Twisting Action Through 45 Degree Or More By 20% If A Twist Through 90 Degree Or More Is Involved.A Seated Person Should Not Attempt To Lift More Than 5kg.

2. Filters Pushing And Pulling

Pushing/Pulling Motion Men Women Starting A Load 20kg 15kg Keeping The Load In Motion

(But Not Exceed To 20m) 10kg 7kg

Manual Handling Assessment L=Oad

I=Ndividual T=Ask

E=Nvironment Load

Factors:- Physical Weight (Heavy)

 Size (Bulky)

 Shape (Difficult To Grasp)

 Rigidity (Contents Liable To Shift)

 Outside Surfaces (Sharp)

 Stability Of Contents (Unstable)

 Other Hazards (Hot/Cold/Sharp Etc) Individual

Factors:- Sex

 Physical Health

 Stature (Physique,Height Etc)

 State Of Health

 Level Of Training

 Hazards To Prgnant Women

 Person’s Perception Of Their Ability Task

Factors:- Holding Loads Away From Trunk

 Twisting/Stooping/Reaching

 Large Vertical Movements

 Distances Involved

 Strenuous Pulling And Pushing Loads

 Repetitive Handling

 Unpredictable Movement Of Load

 Insufficient Rest Or Recovery Period

 A Work Rate Imposed By The Process Environment

Factor:- Lighting (Poor)

 Ventilation (Strong Air)

 Obstacles

 Height Of Work Surface

 Temperature (Hot/Cold)

 Floor Conditions

 Space Available

Practical Measures To Avoid Manual Handling

Injuries:- Avoid Manual Handling

 Risk Reduction

 Automation And Mechanism

 Team Handling

 Training

 Smaller/Lighter Load

 Selection (Individual And Mechanical Aid)

 Good Environment (Spacing,Flooring,Temperature) Elements Of Mechanical Handling And Lifting

Equipment:- The Load

 The Workplace

 The Handling Equipment

 The Employees Involved Precautons In Mobile

Crane:- Crane Suiablity For The Task

 Stable Ground Conditions

 Outriggers Fully Extended

 Avoid Obstructions

 Consider Overhead Power Lines

 Assign Designated And Protected Area

 Properly Tested And Maintained Lifting Tackl

 Use Of Correct Slinging

 Competenc Of Personal

 Load Near Ground If Travelling

 Good Vivibility,Communications

 Monitoring Wind Speed Main Hazards In Crane

Operations:- Crane Overturning

 Overloading

 Collision With Other Crane,Overhead Cables

 Crushing B/W The Load And Another Object Or B/W The Sling And The Load Or The Sling And The Hook

 Failure Of Support I.E. Outriggers Not Fully Extended

 Loss Of Load Due To Rope,Chain Or Sling Failure

 Failure Of Load Bearing Part I.E. Jib Breaking

 Heavy Wind And Rain

Precautions Needed For Employees Safety During

Lifting:- Not Exceed Safe Working Load

 Trained Person (Operator,Slinger)

 Good Communication B/W All Operatives

 Properly Maintained Equipment

 Equipment Has Undergone Statutory Inspection

 All Lifting Accessories Free From Defect

 Make Sure Load Is Secured And Lifted Vertically Up To Correct Hight

 Warning Of Lift Taking Place

 Moved At Appropriate Speed Ensuring Path Free From Obstacles

 Consider Overhead Power Lines

 Put Down In Safe Position And Tension Released Under Close Supervision

 Wear Your Helmets,High Visibility Cloth Lifting Accessories (Tackle)

Hazards:- Overloading

 Incorrect Slinging Arrangements

 Damaged Attachments

 Textile Slings Damaged,Cut,Abraded Or Stretched

 Chains-Deformed,Cracked Or Streched Links

 Broken Wires Or Kinks

 No Examination Or Pre-Use Inspection

 Damage To Accessories During Use

 Lack Of Training

Conveyor System And Its

Hazards:-

Types:- Belt

 Roller

 Screw Conveyors

Hazards:- Trapping

 Contact

 Entaglement

 Striking

 Impact

 Items Falling Off

 Slips

 Manual Handling

 Noise And Vibration

 Sharp Edges

Precautions When Using Lifting

Accessories:- All Accessories Properly Certified/Tested

 Properly Inspected By A Competent Person

 Safe Working Load Clearly Marked

 Inspection Prior To Use

 No Repair To Accessories On Site

 Not To Be Used For Unintended Purpose

 Packing B/W Accessory And Load

 Properly Stored After Use

 Training For Staff In Safe Use Hazard Control Measures (Conveyor)

 Fixed/Interlocked Guards On Drum

 Side Guards,Enclosing Items To Be Conveyed

 Trip Wires With Conveyor For Full Length

 Emergency Stop Buttons

 Safe Access At Regular Intervals

 Avoiding Loose Clothing,Rings Etc

 Restricted Access To The Running Conveyor

 Head Protection

 Regular Maintenance By Competent Person

Safety In Lifting Operations:-Lifting

Equipment:- Sufficient Strength,Tested

 Through Examination

 Inspected At Regular Intervals

 Suitably Marked Lifting

Operations:- Planned And Supervised

 Correctly Positioned

 Loads Not Carried Over Persons

 Good Visibility And Communication

Hoist:- Chain Hoist

 Goods Hoist

 Patient Hoist

Control Measures On Use Of

Hoist:- Regular Maintenance

 Training And Refresher Training For All Operators

 Carry Out Hoist Operation From One Position

 Driver Must Have Good Visibility Of Landings

 Clear Signals/Audible Warning Be Given Prior To Lifting Operation

 Goods Properly Secured,No Loose Items Of Material In Goods Lift

 Gates Correctly And Properly Secured Before Lifting Precautions When Using

Hoist:- Controls Only Operated From One Position

 Clear Visibility Of Landings

 Clear Signals

 Secure Objects Being Carried On Goods Hoists

 Items Not Overfilled

 Do Not Carry Loose Items

 No Passengers On Goods Lift

 Safe Working Loads Clearly Marked

 Hoist Properly Examined And Tested

 Suitable Fancing And Gates At All Levels

 Training Staff In Use Of Hoists

Element-6

Physical And Psychological Health Hazards And Control

Noise:-Sound Is Propagated By Compressions And Rarefactions In The Air.

 Pressure Changes Are Detected By The Human Ear

 Speed Of Sound Is Around 330m/S In Air Unwanted

Sound:-Sound Travels A Pressure Wave Which Has Two Characteristics.

 Intensity

 Frequency

Db (Decible)=Unit Of Measure Of Loudness Lepd=Daily Personal Noise Exposure Health Effect Of

Noise:-Chronic

 Tinnitus

 Permanent Threshold Shift

 Loss Of Frequency Acute

 Trauma From Loud Noise

 Temporary Threshold Shift

 Short Term Tinnitus

 Secondary Effects How Does Noise Get To

Us:- Direct:-Through The Air From Noise Source To Receiver.

 Reflected:-Via Walls,Ceilings And Other Structures.

 Ground And Structure:-Structure Borne Through Wall Or Floor.

Noise Control

Techniques:-1. Source:-Design,Maintenance/Lubrication,Reduce Speed,Energy.

2. Path:-Location,Enclosure,Silencers,Absorption,Damping,Isolation,Screens.

3. Receiver:-Ear Protection,Job Protection.

Source Reduction On

Plant:- Tighten Loose Equipment

 Regular Lubrication

 Eliminate Unnecessary Leaks

 Properly Adjust Machinery

 Padded Containers For Catching Components

 Switch Equipment Off Especially Fans

 Use Rubber Or Plastic Bushers

 Specify Noise Emissions Levels In Orders

 Check Conditions And Performance Of Installed Noise Control Equipment Path Of Noise Prevention

Techniques:- Location

 Enclosure

 Silencers

 Absorbers

 Damping

 Isolation

 Lagging

 Screens

Practical Measures To Reduce Eposure To Excessive

Noise:- Lubrication And Maintenance

 Change The Process/Design

 Reduce Energy

 Isolation

 Silencing

 Enclosure

 Absorption

 Damping

 Reduce Time Of Exposure

 Ppe

Types Of Hearing

Protection:- Ear Plugs -Comfort -Hygiene

 Ear Defenders -Comfort -Reusable

Reasons For Lack Of Wearing Ofhearing

Protection:- Poorfit

 Resistance To Use

 Uncomfortable

 Incompatibility

 Interfence

 Hygiene

 Supervision

 Deterioration

 Abuse

Health Effects Of Vibrating Tools

1. Acute:-Tingling Or Pins Needles In Hands And Extremities 2.

Chronic:- Numbness And Balancing Of The Fingers

 Swollen Painful Joints

 Reduction In Manual Dexterity

 Reduction In The Sensation Of Touch Risk Factors Of Vibrating Tools

 Frequency Of The Equipment

 Magnitude Of The Energy

 Strength Of The Grip And Other Forces

 Time Of Exposure

 Frequency Of Exposure

 Low Temperature

 Individual Factors

Control Measures For Vibrating Tools

 Eliminate The Use Of Vibrating Tools

 Selct The Low Vibration Equipment

 Maintenance Of Equipment And Tools

 Reducing Grip Force Required

 Reducing Exposure Time

 Introducing Health Surveillance

 Orovision Of Gloves And Heated Pads

 Information And Training On Risks And Indication Of Injury Types Of Ionising Radiation

 Alpha

 Beta

 Gamma

 X-Ray

 Neutron

Penetration Power Of Radiation

 Skin Or Paper Stops Alpha

 Thin Alluminium Stops Beta

 Thick Lead Stops Gamma Why Is Radioactivity So Useful?

 Easy To Detect

 Radiation Can Be Very Penetrating

 Radiation Can Destroy Living Cells Harmful Effects Of Ionising Radiation Acute Effects

Somatic:- Mild Nausea To Severe Illness

 Diarrhoea

 Headaches

 Hair Loss

 Redness Of Skin 2.

Genetic:- Damage To Reproductive Cells Chronic Effects

Somatic:- Complete Hair Loss

 Lungs Cancer Etc 2.

Genetic:- Damage To Offspring Of Exposed Protection Against Ionising

 Time-Reduce Exposure

 Distance-Increase Distance

 Shielding-Use Barriers

 Ppe

 Environmental And Personal Monitoring

 Training And Supervision

 Correct Disposal Of Radiation Material

 Good Hygiene Practices Employer May Have To Appoint

 Radiation Protection Advisor

 Radiation Protection Supervisor Non-Ionising Radiation

 Ultra-Violet

 Infra-Red

 Lasers

 Microwave Ultra-Violet

Welding,Sun Rays.Two Main Hazards Effects On Skin And Eyes.

Infra-Red

Hot Metal E.G. Foundaries.Heat And For Eyes Risk Of Cataracts.

Lasers In Use

 Cutting

 Surgery Hazards

 Eyes Are More Vulnerable To Damage From Mild Retina Burns To Permanent Blindness Protection Against Non-Ionising Radiation

 Shielding

 Distance B/W Suorce And Person

 Reducing Duration Of Exposure

 Ppe

 Protective Creams Stress

Stress Is Defined As The Reaction People Have To Excessive Pressures Or Other Types Of Demands Placed Upon Them.

Home:- Sickness

 Children

 Marital

 Financial

 Travel

Work:- Kind Of Work

 Physical Conditions

 Uncertainty

 Conflict

 Kind Of Jobs Health Effects Of Stress

1. Physical Effects

 Raised Heart Rate

 Increased Sweating

 Headaches

 Dizziness

 Blured Vision

 Arching Neck

 Skin Rashes

 Lower Resistance To Infection 2. Behavioural Effects

 Increased Anxiety

 Irritability And Sudden Mood Changes

 Drink Or Smoke More

 Difficulty Sleeping

 Poor Concentration

 Inability To Deal With Tasks Work Problems Of Stress Results

 Lack Of Motivation

 Lack Of Commitment

 Poor Time Keeping

 Increases In Mistakes

 Poor Decision Making

 Poor Planing

 Increases In Absense

This Reflects In Relationships At Work As

 Tension B/W Collegues And Supervisors

 Poor Service To Clients

 Individual Relationship Problems

 Increase In Discipline Problems

Problems That Lead To Stress

 Culture Of The Organisation

 Shift Work,Unsociable Hours,Excessive Overtime

 Job Insecurity

 Repetitive /Monotonous Work

 Lack Of Breaks And Control Over Job

 Work Rate Too High Or Too Low

 The Working Environment

 Relationships

 Harassment And Bullying

 Fear Of Violence

In document igc-2.pdf (Page 33-71)