Force and Force/Length
a) The figure is exact.
a) The figure is exact.
Symbols of SI units, multiples and sub-multiples are given in parentheses in the right-hand column.
Symbols of SI units, multiples and sub-multiples are given in parentheses in the right-hand column.
Linear Measure Linear Measure 1 kilometer =
1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile0.6214 mile 1 meter =
1 meter = 39.37 inches = 3.2808 feet = 1.0936 yards39.37 inches = 3.2808 feet = 1.0936 yards 1 centimeter =
1 centimeter = 0.3937 inch0.3937 inch 1 millimeter =
1 millimeter = 0.03937 inch0.03937 inch 1 mile =
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers1.609 kilometers 1 yard =
1 yard = 0.9144 meter0.9144 meter 1 foot =
1 foot = 0.3048 meter = 304.8 millimeters0.3048 meter = 304.8 millimeters 1 inch =
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters = 25.4 millimeters2.54 centimeters = 25.4 millimeters
1
100 225544..0000000000 11 2255..4400000000 00..11 22..5544000000 ..0011 00..2255440000 00..000011 00..0022554400 00..00000011 00..0000225544 2
200 550088..0000000000 22 5500..8800000000 00..22 55..0088000000 ..0022 00..5500880000 00..000022 00..0055008800 00..00000022 00..0000550088 3
300 776622..0000000000 33 7766..2200000000 00..33 77..6622000000 ..0033 00..7766220000 00..000033 00..0077662200 00..00000033 00..0000776622 4
400 11,,001166..0000000000 44 110011..6600000000 00..44 1100..1166000000 ..0044 11..0011660000 00..000044 00..1100116600 00..00000044 00..0011001166 5
500 11,,227700..0000000000 55 112277..0000000000 00..55 1122..7700000000 ..0055 11..2277000000 00..000055 00..1122770000 00..00000055 00..0011227700 6
600 11,,552244..0000000000 66 115522..4400000000 00..66 1155..2244000000 ..0066 11..5522440000 00..000066 00..1155224400 00..00000066 00..0011552244 7
700 11,,777788..0000000000 77 117777..8800000000 00..77 1177..7788000000 ..0077 11..7777880000 00..000077 00..1177778800 00..00000077 00..0011777788 8
800 22,,003322..0000000000 88 220033..2200000000 00..88 2200..3322000000 ..0088 22..0033220000 00..000088 00..2200332200 00..00000088 00..0022003322 9
900 22,,228866..0000000000 99 222288..6600000000 00..99 2222..8866000000 ..0099 22..22886600 00..000099 00..2222886600 00..00000099 00..0022228866 1
10000 22,,554400..0000000000 1100 225544..0000000000 11..00 2255..4400000000 ..1100 22..5544000000 00..001100 00..2255440000 00..00001100 00..0022554400
1
10000 33..9933770011 1100 00..3399337700 11 00..0033993377 00..11 00..0000339944 00..0011 ..000000003399 00..000011 00..0000000044 2
20000 77..8877440022 2200 00..7788774400 22 00..0077887744 00..22 00..0000778877 00..0022 ..0000007799 00..000022 00..0000000088 3
30000 1111..8811110022 3300 11..1188111100 33 00..1111881111 00..33 00..0011118811 00..003 3 ..0000111188 00..000033 00..0000001122 4
40000 1155..7744880033 4400 11..5577448800 44 00..1155774488 00..44 00..0011557755 00..004 4 ..0000115577 00..000044 00..0000001166 5
50000 1199..6688550044 5500 11..9966885500 55 00..1199668855 00..55 00..0011996699 00..005 5 ..0000119977 00..000055 00..0000002200 6
60000 2233..6622220055 6600 22..3366222200 66 00..2233662222 00..66 00..002233662 2 00..006 6 ..0000223366 00..000066 00..0000002244 7
70000 2277..5555990066 7700 22..7755559911 77 00..2277555599 00..77 00..0022775566 00..0077 ..0000227766 00..000077 00..0000002288 8
80000 3311..4499660066 8800 33..1144996611 88 00..3311449966 00..88 00..0033115500 00..008 8 ..0000331155 00..000088 00..0000003311 9
90000 3355..4433330077 9900 33..5544333311 99 00..3355443333 00..99 00..0033554433 00..0099 ..0000335544 00..000099 00..0000003355 1
1,,000000 3399..3377000088 110000 33..9933770011 1100 00..3399337700 11..00 00..0033993377 00..1100 ..0000339944 00..001100 00..0000003399
Inches To Millimeters Inches To Millimeters
iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm
m
mmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn..
Millimeters to Inches Millimeters to Inches
Inch to Millimeters and Millimeters to Inch Conversion Table Inch to Millimeters and Millimeters to Inch Conversion Table
1
166//44 00..339977 1177//6644 66..774477 3333//6644 1133..009977 4499//664 14 199..444477 1
1//3322 00..779944 99//3322 77..114444 1177//3322 1133..449944 2255//3322 1199..884444 3
3//6644 11..119911 1199//6644 77..554411 3355//6644 1133..889911 5511//664 24 200..224411 1
1//1166 11..558888 55//1166 77..993388 99//1166 1144..228888 1133//1166 2200..663388 5
5//6644 11..998844 2211//6644 88..333344 3377//6644 1144..668844 5533//664 24 211..003344 3
3//3322 22..338811 1111//3322 88..773311 1199//3322 1155..008811 2277//3322 2211..443311 7
7//6644 22..777788 2233//6644 99..112288 3399//6644 1155..447788 5555//664 24 211..882288 1
1//88 33..117755 33//88 99..552255 55//88 1155..887755 77//88 2222..222255 9
9//6644 33..557722 2255//6644 99..992222 4411//6644 1166..227722 5577//664 24 222..662222 5
5//3322 33..996699 1133//3322 1100..331199 2211//3322 1166..666699 2299//3322 2233..001199 1
1//116644 44..336666 2277//6644 1100..771166 4433//664 4 11 77..006666 5599//6644 2233..441166 3
3//1166 44..776622 77//1166 1111..111122 1111//1166 1177..446622 1155//1166 2233..881122 1
133//6644 55..115599 2299//6644 1111..550099 4455//6644 1177..885599 6611//664 24 244..220099 7
7//3322 55..555566 1155//3322 1111..990066 2233//3322 1188..225566 3311//3322 2244..660066 1
155//6644 55..995533 3311//6644 1122..330033 4477//6644 1188..665533 6633//664 24 255..000033 1
1//44 66..335500 11//22 1122..770000 33//44 1199..005500 11 2255..440000 Fractional Inch to Millimeters
Fractional Inch to Millimeters
iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm
1
1 2255..44 33 7766..22 55 112277..00 77 117777..88 99 222288..66 1111 227799..44 2
2 5500..88 44 110011..66 66 115522..44 88 220033..22 1100 225544..00 1122 330044..88 Inches to Millimeters
Inches to Millimeters
iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm iinn.. mmmm Fractional Inch - Millimeter and Foot - Millimeter Conversation Tables Fractional Inch - Millimeter and Foot - Millimeter Conversation Tables
(Based on 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters, exactly) (Based on 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters, exactly)
Weight Weight 1 metric ton =
1 metric ton =0.9842 ton (of 2240 pounds) = 2204.6 pounds.0.9842 ton (of 2240 pounds) = 2204.6 pounds.
1 kilogram =
1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds = 35.274 ounces avoirdupois.2.2046 pounds = 35.274 ounces avoirdupois.
1 pound =
1 pound = 0.4536 kilogram = 453.6 grams.0.4536 kilogram = 453.6 grams.
1 kilogram per square millimeter =
1 kilogram per square millimeter = 1422.32 pounds per square inch.1422.32 pounds per square inch.
1 pound per square inch =
1 pound per square inch = 0.0703 kilogram per square 0.0703 kilogram per square centimeter.centimeter.
Kilograms to Pounds (1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds) Kilograms to Pounds (1 kilogram = 2.204622 pounds)
k
kgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb
1
1,,000000 22,,220044..6622 110000 222200..4466 1100 2222..0055 11 22..2200 00..11 00..2222 2
2,,000000 44,,440099..2244 220000 444400..9922 2200 4444..0099 22 44..4411 00..22 00..4444 3
3,,000000 66,,661133..8877 330000 666611..3399 3300 6666..1144 33 66..6611 00..33 00..6666 4
4,,000000 88,,881188..4499 440000 888811..8855 4400 8888..1188 44 88..8822 00..44 00..8888 5
5,,000000 1111,,002233..1111 550000 11,,110022..3311 5500 111100..2233 55 1111..0022 00..55 11..1100 6
6,,000000 1133,,222277..7733 660000 11,,332222..7777 6600 113322..2288 66 1133..2233 00..66 11..3322 7
7,,000000 1155,,443322..3355 770000 11,,554433..2244 7700 115544..3322 77 1155..4433 00..77 11..5544 8
8,,000000 1177,,663366..9988 880000 11,,776633..7700 8800 117766..3377 88 1177..6644 00..88 11..7766 9
9,,000000 1199,,884411..6600 990000 11,,998844..1166 9900 119988..4422 99 1199..8844 00..99 11..9988 1
100,,000000 2222,,004466..2222 11,,000000 22,,220044..6622 110000 222200..4466 1100 2222..0055 11..00 22..2200 Pound - Kilogram and Ounce - Gram Conversion Tables
Pound - Kilogram and Ounce - Gram Conversion Tables Pounds to Kilograms (1 pound = 0.4535924 kilogram) Pounds to Kilograms (1 pound = 0.4535924 kilogram)
llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg llbb kkgg
1
1,,000000 445533..5599 110000 4455..3366 1100 44..5544 11 00..4455 00..11 00..0055 2
2,,000000 990077..1188 220000 9900..7722 2200 99..0077 22 00..9911 00..22 00..0099 3
3,,000000 11,,336600..7788 330000 113366..0088 3300 1133..6611 33 11..3366 00..33 00..1144 4
4,,000000 11,,881144..3377 440000 118811..4444 4400 1188..1144 44 11..8811 00..44 00..1188 5
5,,000000 22,,226677..9966 550000 222266..8800 5500 2222..6688 55 22..2277 00..55 00..2233 6
6,,000000 22,,772211..5555 660000 227722..1166 6600 2277..2222 66 22..7722 00..66 00..2277 7
7,,000000 33,,117755..1155 770000 331177..5511 7700 3311..7755 77 33..1188 00..77 00..3322 8
8,,000000 33,,662288..7744 880000 336622..8877 8800 3366..2299 88 33..6633 00..88 00..3366 9
9,,000000 44,,008822..3333 990000 440088..2233 9900 4400..8822 99 44..0088 00..99 00..4411 1
100,,000000 44,,553355..9922 11,,000000 445533..5599 110000 4455..3366 1100 44..5544 11..00 00..4455
Newton-Meters to Pound-Inches Newton-Meters to Pound-Inches
(1 newton meter = 8.850748 pound-force-inches) (1 newton meter = 8.850748 pound-force-inches)
N
N--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn..
1
10000 888855..0077 1100 8888..5511 11 88..8855 00..11 00..8899 00..0011 00..0099 2
20000 11777700..1155 2200 117777..0011 22 1177..7700 00..22 11..7777 00..0022 00..1188 3
30000 22665555..2222 3300 226655..5522 33 2266..5555 00..33 22..6666 00..0033 00..2277 4
40000 33554400..3300 4400 335544..0033 44 3355..4400 00..44 33..5544 00..0044 00..3355 5
50000 44442255..3377 5500 444422..5544 55 4444..2255 00..55 44..4433 00..0055 00..4444 6
60000 55331100..4455 6600 553311..0044 66 5533..1100 00..66 55..3311 00..0066 00..5533 7
70000 66119955..5522 4400 661199..5555 77 6611..9966 00..77 66..2200 00..0077 00..6622 8
80000 77008800..6600 8800 770088..0066 88 7700..8811 00..88 77..0088 00..0088 00..7711 9
90000 77996655..6677 9900 779966..5577 99 7799..6666 00..99 77..9977 00..0099 00..8800 1
1000000 88885500..7755 110000 888855..0077 1100 8888..5511 11..00 88..8855 00..1100 00..8899
The use of the Newton as the unit of force is of particular interest to engineers. In practical work The use of the Newton as the unit of force is of particular interest to engineers. In practical work using the English or traditional metric systems of measuremen
using the English or traditional metric systems of measuremen ts, it is a common practice to applyts, it is a common practice to apply weight units as force units. Thus, the unit of force in those systems is that forc
weight units as force units. Thus, the unit of force in those systems is that forc e that when appliede that when applied to unit mass produces an acceleration
to unit mass produces an acceleration gg rather than unit acceleration. The value of gravitationalrather than unit acceleration. The value of gravitational acceleration
acceleration gg varies around the earth, and thus varies around the earth, and thus the weight of a given mass also varies. In the weight of a given mass also varies. In an effortan effort to account for this minor error, the kilogram-force and pound-force were introduced, which are to account for this minor error, the kilogram-force and pound-force were introduced, which are defined as the forces due to “standard gravity” acting on bodies of one kilogram or one pound defined as the forces due to “standard gravity” acting on bodies of one kilogram or one pound mass, respectively. The standard gravitational acceleration is taken as 9.80665 meters per second mass, respectively. The standard gravitational acceleration is taken as 9.80665 meters per second squared or 32.174 feet per second squared. The Newton is defined as “that force, which when squared or 32.174 feet per second squared. The Newton is defined as “that force, which when applied to a body having a mass of one k
applied to a body having a mass of one kilogram, gives it an acceleration of one meter peilogram, gives it an acceleration of one meter pe r secondr second squared.” It is independent of
squared.” It is independent of gg. As a result, the factor. As a result, the factor gg disappears from a wide range of formulasdisappears from a wide range of formulas in dynamics. However, in some formulas in statics, where the weight of a body is important rather in dynamics. However, in some formulas in statics, where the weight of a body is important rather than its mass,
than its mass, gg does appear where it was formerly abdoes appear where it was formerly absent (the weight of a mass ofsent (the weight of a mass of WW kilograms iskilograms is equal to a force of
equal to a force of W gW g Newtons, whereNewtons, where gg = approximately 9.81 meters per second squared).= approximately 9.81 meters per second squared).
Pound-Inches to Newton-Meters Pound-Inches to Newton-Meters
(1 pound-force-inch = 0.1129848 newton-meter) (1 pound-force-inch = 0.1129848 newton-meter)
IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm IIbbff--iinn.. NN--mm
Pound-Inches to Newton-Meters Conversion Tables Pound-Inches to Newton-Meters Conversion Tables
1
10000 1111..229988 1100 11..113300 11 00..111133 00..11 00..00111 1 00..0011 00..000011 2
20000 2222..559977 2200 22..226600 22 00..222266 00..22 00..002233 00..0022 00..000022 3
30000 3333..889955 3300 33..339900 33 00..333399 00..33 00..003344 00..0033 00..000033 4
40000 4455..119944 4400 44..551199 44 00..445522 00..44 00..004455 00..0044 00..000055 5
50000 5566..449922 5500 55..664499 55 00..556655 00..55 00..005566 00..0055 00..000066 6
60000 6677..779911 6600 66..777799 66 00..667788 00..66 00..006688 00..0066 00..000077 7
70000 7799..008899 7700 77..990099 77 00..779911 00..77 00..007799 00..0077 00..000088 8
80000 9900..338888 8800 99..003399 88 00..990044 00..88 00..009900 00..0088 00..000099 9
90000 110011..668866 9900 1100..116699 99 11..001177 00..99 00..110022 00..0099 00..001100 1
1000000 111122..998855 110000 1111..229988 1100 11..113300 11..00 00..111133 00..1100 00..001111