• The Pater: John Lockwood Kipling His Life and Times 1837-1911, by Arthur R Ankers,ISBN 1-871044-00- 6
• The Kipling Papers: A List of Papers of John Lockwood Kipling 1837-1911, Joseph Rudyard Kipling 1865- 1936, and of Some Papers of Josephine, Elsie and
John Kipling from Wimpole Hall, Cambridge. by Uni- versity of Sussex Library. Manuscripts Section, Rud- yard Kipling. Published by University of Sussex Li- brary, 1980. ISBN 0-85087-014-3.
• Official Chronicle of the Mayo School of Art: The for- mative years under Lockwood Kipling. (1875 to 1893), Researched and Introduced by Nadeem Omar Tarar. Samina Choonara (editor). National College of Arts, Lahore, 2003,ISBN 969-8623-00-0
17.5 External links
• Kipling Archive University of Sussex.
• Works by John Lockwood KiplingatProject Guten- berg
• Works by or about John Lockwood KiplingatInternet Archive
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st
Marquess of Dufferin and Ava
Frederick Hamilton-Temple-Blackwood, 1st Marquess of Dufferin and AvaKP GCB GCSI GCMG GCIE PC
(21 June 1826 – 12 February 1902) was aBritish public servantand prominent member ofVictoriansociety.*[1]In
his youth he was a popular figure in the court ofQueen Vic- toria, and became well known to the public after publishing a best-selling account of his travels in theNorth Atlantic. He is now best known as one of the most successful diplo- mats of his time. His long career in public service began as a commissioner toSyriain 1860, where his skilful diplo- macy maintained British interests while preventing France from instituting aclient stateinLebanon. After his success in Syria, Dufferin served in the Government of the United Kingdom as theChancellor of the Duchy of Lancasterand Under-Secretary of State for War. In 1872 he became the
third Governor General of Canada, bolstering imperial ties in the early years of theDominion, and in 1884 he reached the pinnacle of his diplomatic career as eighthViceroy of India.
Following his retirement from the diplomatic service in 1896, his final years were marred by personal tragedy and a misguided attempt to secure his family's financial posi- tion. His eldest son was killed in the Second Boer War
and another son badly wounded. He was chairman of a mining firm that went bankrupt after swindling people, although he was ignorant of the matter. His biographer Davenport-Hines says he was “imaginative, sympathetic, warm-hearted, and gloriously versatile.”*[2]He was an ef-
fective leader in Lebanon, Canada and India, averted war with Russia, and annexed Burma. He was careless of money but charming in high society in three continents.
18.1 Early life
He was born intothe Ascendancy,Ireland's oldAnglo-Irish aristocracy. On his father's side, Dufferin was descended
fromScottishsettlers who had moved toCounty Downin the early 17th century. The Blackwood family became prominent landowners inUlsterover the following two hun- dred years, and were createdbaronetsin 1763, entering the
Peerage of Irelandin 1800 asBaron Dufferin. The family had influence in parliament because they controlled the re- turn for the borough ofKillyleagh. Marriages in the Black- wood family were often advantageous to their landowning and high-society ambitions, but Dufferin's father,Captain Lord Dufferin and Claneboye,R.N., did not marry into a landowning family. His wife,Helen Selina Sheridan, was the granddaughter of the playwrightRichard Brinsley Sheri- dan, and through her the family became connected to En- glish literary and political circles.
Dufferin was born Frederick Temple Blackwood in 1826 in
Florence, then capital of theGrand Duchy of Tuscanyin the
Italian peninsula, with great advantages. He was educated atEton and atChrist Church, Oxford, where he became president of theOxford Union Societyfor debate, although he left Oxford after only two years without obtaining a de- gree. While still an Oxford undergraduate, he visited Skib- bereen inCounty Corkto see the impact of the Irish Famine first-hand. He was appalled by what he saw, prompting him to raise money on behalf of the starving poor.*[3]In
1841, while still at school, he succeeded his father asBaron Dufferin and Claneboye in the Peerage of Ireland and in 1849 was appointed a Lord-in-Waiting toQueen Victoria. In 1850 he was additionally created Baron Claneboye, of Clandeboye in the County of Down, in thePeerage of the United Kingdom.*[4]
In 1856, Dufferin commissioned theschoonerFoam and set off on a journey around theNorth Atlantic. He first made landfall on Iceland, where he visited the then very small
Reykjavík, the plains ofÞingvellir, andGeysir. Returning to Reykjavík, Foam was towed north byPrince Napoleon, who was on an expedition to the region in the steamer La Reine Hortense. Dufferin sailed close toJan Mayen Island,
but was unable to land there due to heavy ice and caught only a very brief glimpse of the island through the fog. From Jan Mayen, Foam sailed on to northernNorway, stopping atHammerfestbefore sailing forSpitzbergen.
On his return, Dufferin published a book about his travels, Letters From High Latitudes. With its irreverent style and lively pace, it was extremely successful and can be regarded as the prototype of the comic travelogue. It remained in print for many years and was translated into French and German. The letters were nominally written to his mother, with whom he had developed a very close relationship after the death of his father when he was 15.*[5]