4 Conclusion & Future Project Suggestions:
4.2 Future Project Suggestions:
With the successful implementation of protection schemes for transformers, transmission lines and motors, the next step was system integration. With the three relays coordinated to provide overlapping protection to the entire system, the next logical step is to incorporate a master control unit enabling remote operation of all relays and associated circuit breakers. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories manufactures the SEL-2032 Communications Processor for
integration and coordination of multiple microprocessor units. The SEL-2032 unit is designed with the integration of an entire substation of equipment, which includes transformers, motors, transmission lines and has the capability to support a much larger system than the equipment in university labs configure. Additionally, the SEL-2032 has the ability to automatically configure itself depending on the SEL products that it is connected to.Future projects can focus on SEL- 2032 units that have previously been donated to the school and determining the optimum communication medium (ethernet or fiber optics) and the best terminal program to interface the unit with a computer. Schweitzer Engineering Laboratory has also recently announced the donation of much more recent SEL equipment to the school in the upcoming years, and future students can and should work to replicate this experiment with newer equipment. The principles of operation should remain the same while the implementation using newer equipment should be more streamlined and even more relevant for students entering into the power industry.
44
Appendix A: Programming Relays with AcSELerator
Quickset
Talk about how to use the AcSELerator program and specifics for the individual relays.
AcSELerator Quickset is available from the SEL website for free after creating a user account. Once the program is downloaded and installed, communication with the relays MUST be conducted with the 9 pin cable, and it is recommended to use the school computers. There is a USB cable that should work, but there are communication issues between the relay and the computer using that cable, and as such should not be used. In order to connect to the relay, the communication parameters must be calibrated by opening the Communications tab and
45
Figure A-1: Communication Parameters Menu
The Relay will be communicating via the serial port, which must be configured as shown (with the exception that the SEL-710 relay uses a Baud Rate of 9600 as opposed to 2400, which is used by both the SEL-587 and SEL-311L). The Passwords for the specific relays are contained in Table 8.
46
Table 8: Default Relay Information
Relay Level 1 Password Level 2 Password Model No.
SEL-587 587 587 SEL-587-1
SEL-311L OTTER TAIL SEL-311L-7
SEL-710 OTTER TAIL SEL-710-v5
Once connection parameters are filled, clicking on apply will connect the computer to the relay. If a new profile is to be used, select “New Settings” from the File menu and choose the proper model number. At this point the relay settings can be adjusted in accordance with the
experiment to be performed or with the Appendices. To read the current relay settings and make slight adjustments, choose “Read” from the File menu. In order to program the relay with new settings, choose “Send” from the File menu.
The relays save “Event Files” that contain relevant measurement information (currents and voltages as applicable) whenever a protective action (circuit breaker trip signal) is activated. Limited details of these event files can be read from the front panel display, while an in-depth analysis of circuit conditions during fault conditions can be performed by uploading the event files from the relay to a computer. In order to retrieve event files from the relay, connect the relay to a computer in accordance with the aforementioned directions. Once connected open the “Tools” drop-down menu and select either “View Event File” or “Get Event File” to either view or download the event file to the computer.
47
Appendix B: SEL-587 Programming
General Data ->
MVA = 9.0; VWG1 = 208.00; VWG2 = 104.00;
TRCON = YY; *Dependant upon transformer configuration CTCON = YY; *Dependant upon transformer configuration CTR1 = 1; CTR2 = 2; Differential Elements -> O87P = 0.1; U87P = 6.4; Logic -> X =87R+87U; Y = NA; MTU1 = 87R + 87U; MTU2 = 87R + 87U; OUT1 = !TRIP;
Group Setting Range Default
Value
Value Delta Description Hidden
1 RID Range = ASCII
string with a maximum length of 12.
XFMR 1 XFMR 1 False RID Relay Identifier (12
characters)
False
1 TID Range = ASCII
string with a maximum length of 12.
STATION A
STATION A False TID Terminal Identifier (12 characters)
False
1 MVA Range = 0.2 to
5000.0, OFF
50 9.0 True MVA Maximum Power
Transformer Capacity (MVA)
False
1 VWDG1 Range = 1.00 to
1000.00
138.00 208.00 True VWDG1 Winding 1 Line to
Line Voltage (kV)
False
1 VWDG2 Range = 1.00 to
1000.00
69.00 104.00 True VWDG2 Winding 2 Line to
Line Voltage (kV)
False
1 TRCON Select: YY, YDAC,
YDAB, DACDAC, DABDAB, DABY, DACY, OTHER
DABY YY True TRCON Xfmr False
1 CTCON Select: DACDAC,
DABDAB, YY
YY DACDAC True CTCON CT Connection False
1 RZS Select: Y, N N N False RZS Remove I0 from Y
Connection
48
Compensation
1 CTR1 Range = 1 to 50000 50 1 True CTR1 Winding 1 CT Ratio False
1 CTR2 Range = 1 to 50000 100 1 True CTR2 Winding 2 CT Ratio False
1 DATC Range = 5 to 255,
OFF
15 15 False DATC Demand Ammeter
Time Constant (minutes) False
1 PDEM Range = 0.5 to 16.0 5.3 5.3 False PDEM Phase Demand
Ammeter Threshold (A)
False
1 QDEM Range = 0.5 to 16.0 1 1.0 True QDEM Neg.-Seq. Demand
Ammeter Threshold (A)
False
1 NDEM Range = 0.5 to 16.0 1 1.0 True NDEM Residual Demand
Ammeter Threshold (A)
True
1 TAP1 Range = 0.50 to
160.00
43.27 43.27 False TAP1 Winding 1 Current
Tap
False
1 TAP2 Range = 0.50 to
160.00
86.54 86.54 False TAP2 Winding 2 Current
Tap
False
1 IN1 Select: NA, 52A1,
!52A1, TCEN, TCBL
52A1 NA True IN1 Input 1 False
1 IN2 Select: NA, 52A2,
!52A2, TCEN, TCBL
52A2 NA True IN2 Input 2 False
1 O87P Range = 0.1 to 1.0 0.3 0.1 True O87P Operating Current
PU (TAP)
False
1 SLP1 Range = 5 to 100 40 40 False SLP1 Restraint Slope 1
(%)
False
1 SLP2 Range = 25 to 200,
OFF
OFF OFF False SLP2 Restraint Slope 2
(%)
False
1 IRS1 Range = 1.0 to 16.0 3.0 3.0 False IRS1 Restraint Current
Slope 1 Limit (TAP)
True
1 U87P Range = 1.0 to 16.0 10.0 1.8 True U87P Inst Unrestrained
Current PU (TAP) False 1 PCT2 Range = 5 to 100, OFF 15 15 False PCT2 2nd Harmonic Blocking Percentage (%) False 1 PCT4 Range = 5 to 100, OFF 15 15 False PCT4 4th Harmonic Blocking Percentage (%) False 1 PCT5 Range = 5 to 100, OFF 35 35 False PCT5 5th Harmonic Blocking Percentage (%) False
1 TH5 Range = 0.1 to 3.2 0.3 0.3 False TH5 5th Harmonic
Threshold (TAP)
False
1 TH5D Range = 0.000 to
8000.000
30 30.000 True TH5D 5th Harmonic Alarm
TDPU (cyc)
False
1 DCRB Select: Y, N Y Y False DCRB DC Ratio Blocking False
1 HRSTR Select: Y, N Y Y False HRSTR Harmonic
Restraint
False
1 IHBL Select: Y, N Y Y False IHBL Independent
Harmonic Blocking
True
1 50P1P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
52.3 52.3 False 50P1P Phase Def.-Time
O/C PU
False
1 50P1D Range = 0.00 to
16000.00
5 5.00 True 50P1D Phase Def.-Time
O/C Delay (cyc)
False
49
O/C External TC 1 50P1H Range = 0.5 to 80.0,
OFF
73.2 73.2 False 50P1H Phase Inst O/C PU
(A)
False
1 50P1HC Select: Y, N N N False 50P1HC Phase Inst. O/C
External TC
True
1 51P1P Range = 0.5 to 16.0, OFF
6.3 6.3 False 51P1P Phase Inv.-Time
O/C PU (A)
False
1 51P1C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U2 U2 False 51P1C Phase Inv.-Time
O/C Curve
False
1 51P1TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
3.80 3.80 False 51P1TD Phase Inv.-Time
O/C Time-Dial
False
1 51P1RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51P1RS Phase Inv.-Time
O/C EM Reset
False
1 51P1TC Select: Y, N N N False 51P1TC Phase Inv.-Time
O/C External
True
1 50Q1P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
78.4 78.4 False 50Q1P Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C PU (A)
False
1 50Q1D Range = 0.50 to
16000.00
5 5.00 True 50Q1D Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C Delay (cyc)
False
1 50Q1TC Select: Y, N N N False 50Q1TC Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 51Q1P Range = 0.5 to 16.0, OFF
10 10.0 True 51Q1P Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C PU (A)
False
1 51Q1C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U4 U4 False 51Q1C Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C Curve
False
1 51Q1TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
6.60 6.60 False 51Q1TD Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C Time-Dial
False
1 51Q1RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51Q1RS Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C EM Reset
False
1 51Q1TC Select: Y, N N N False 51Q1TC Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 50N1P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 50N1P Residual Def.-Time
O/C PU (A)
True
1 50N1D Range = 0.00 to
16000.00
16000 16000.00 True 50N1D Residual Def.-Time
O/C Delay (cyc)
True
1 50N1TC Select: Y, N N N False 50N1TC Residual Def.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 50N1H Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 50N1H Residual Inst O/C
PU (A)
True
1 50N1HC Select: Y, N N N False 50N1HC Residual Inst O/C
External TC
True
1 51N1P Range = 0.5 to 16.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 51N1P Residual Inv.-Time
O/C PU (A)
True
1 51N1C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U4 U4 False 51N1C Residual Inv.-Time
O/C Curve
True
1 51N1TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
15.00 15.00 False 51N1TD Residual Inv.-
Time O/C Time-Dial
True
1 51N1RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51N1RS Residual Inv.-
Time O/C EM Reset
50
1 51N1TC Select: Y, N N N False 51N1TC Residual Inv.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 50P2P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
52.3 52.3 False 50P2P Phase Def.-Time
O/C PU
False
1 50P2D Range = 0.00 to
16000.00
5 5.00 True 50P2D Phase Def.-Time
O/C Delay (cyc)
False
1 50P2TC Select: Y, N N N False 50P2TC Phase Def.-Time
O/C External TC
True
1 50P2H Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 50P2H Phase Inst O/C PU
(A)
False
1 50P2HC Select: Y, N N N False 50P2HC Phase Inst. O/C
External TC
True
1 51P2P Range = 0.5 to 16.0, OFF
6.3 6.3 False 51P2P Phase Inv.-Time
O/C PU (A)
False
1 51P2C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U2 U2 False 51P2C Phase Inv.-Time
O/C Curve
False
1 51P2TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
2.50 2.50 False 51P2TD Phase Inv.-Time
O/C Time-Dial
False
1 51P2RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51P2RS Phase Inv.-Time
O/C EM Reset
False
1 51P2TC Select: Y, N N N False 51P2TC Phase Inv.-Time
O/C External
True
1 50Q2P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 50Q2P Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C PU (A)
False
1 50Q2D Range = 0.50 to
16000.00
16000 16000.00 True 50Q2D Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C Delay (cyc)
True
1 50Q2TC Select: Y, N N N False 50Q2TC Neg.-Seq. Def.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 51Q2P Range = 0.5 to 16.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 51Q2P Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C PU (A)
False
1 51Q2C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U4 U4 False 51Q2C Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C Curve
True
1 51Q2TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
15.00 15.00 False 51Q2TD Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C Time-Dial
True
1 51Q2RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51Q2RS Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C EM Reset
True
1 51Q2TC Select: Y, N N N False 51Q2TC Neg.-Seq. Inv.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 50N2P Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
52.3 OFF True 50N2P Residual Def.-Time
O/C PU (A)
True
1 50N2D Range = 0.00 to
16000.00
5 5.00 True 50N2D Residual Def.-Time
O/C Delay (cyc)
True
1 50N2TC Select: Y, N N N False 50N2TC Residual Def.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 50N2H Range = 0.5 to 80.0, OFF
OFF OFF False 50N2H Residual Inst O/C
PU (A)
True
1 50N2HC Select: Y, N N N False 50N2HC Residual Inst O/C
External TC
True
51
OFF O/C PU (A)
1 51N2C Select: U1, U2, U3, U4, C1, C2, C3, C4
U4 U4 False 51N2C Residual Inv.-Time
O/C Curve
True
1 51N2TD Range = 0.50 to
15.00
12.40 12.40 False 51N2TD Residual Inv.-
Time O/C Time-Dial
True
1 51N2RS Select: Y, N Y Y False 51N2RS Residual Inv.-
Time O/C EM Reset
True
1 51N2TC Select: Y, N N N False 51N2TC Residual Inv.-
Time O/C External TC
True
1 LTRP Select: Y, N, NL, 1-3 N N False LTRP Latch Trips False
1 TDURD Range = 0.000 to
2000.000
9 9.000 True TDURD Minimum Trip
Duration Time Delay (cyc) False
1 TXPU Range = 0.000 to
8000.000
0 0.000 True TXPU Timer X Pickup
Delay (cyc)
False
1 TXDO Range = 0.000 to
8000.000
0 0.000 True TXDO Timer X Dropout
Delay (cyc)
False
1 TYPU Range = 0.000 to
8000.000
0 0.000 True TYPU Timer Y Pickup
Delay (cyc)
False
1 TYDO Range = 0.000 to
8000.000
0 0.000 True TYDO Timer Y Dropout
Delay (cyc)
False
1 NFREQ Select: 50, 60 60 60 False NFREQ Nominal
Frequency (Hz)
False
1 PHROT Select: ABC, ACB ABC ACB True PHROT Phase Rotation False
L X Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
NA !87R+!87U True X (SELogic Equation) False
L Y Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
NA NA False Y (SELogic Equation) False
L MTU1 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * + 50P1T + 51P1T + 50Q1T + 51Q1T + OC1
87R+87U True MTU1 (SELogic Equation) False
L MTU2 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * + 50P2T + 51P2T + 50N2T + 51N2T + OC2
87R+87U True MTU2 (SELogic Equation) False
L MTU3 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
52
L MER Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * + 87R + 87U + 50P1T + 51P1T + 50Q1T + 51Q1T + 50P2T + 51P2T + 51N2T 87R+87U+50P1T+5 1P1T+50Q1T+51Q1 T+50P2T+51P2T+51 N2T
True MER (SELogic Equation) False
L OUT1 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
TRP1 !TRP1 True OUT1 (SELogic Equation) False
L OUT2 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
TRP2 !TRP2 True OUT2 (SELogic Equation) False
L OUT3 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * +
TRP3 TRP3 False OUT3 (SELogic Equation) False
L OUT4 Valid range =
Boolean equation using word bit elements and the legal operators: ! / \ ( ) * + 87R + 87U + 50P1T + 51P1T + 50Q1T + 51Q1T + 50P2T + 51P2T + 51N2T 87R+87U+50P1T+5 1P1T+50Q1T+51Q1 T+50P2T+51P2T+51 N2T
True OUT4 (SELogic Equation) False
P PROTOC
OL
Select: SEL, LMD SEL SEL False PROTOCOL Port Protocol False
P PREFIX Select: @, #, $, %, &&
@ @ False PREFIX LMD Prefix True
P ADDRES
S
Range = 1 to 99 1 1 False ADDRESS LMD Address True
P SETTLE
_TIME
Range = 0 to 30 0 0 False SETTLE_TIME LMD
Settling Time (sec)
True
P SPEED Select: 300, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400
2400 2400 False SPEED Baud Rate (bps) False
P DATA_BI
TS
Select: 7, 8 8 8 False DATA_BITS Number Data
Bits
False
P PARITY Select: O, E, N N N False PARITY Parity False
P STOP Select: 1, 2 1 1 False STOP Stop Bits (bits) False
P TIMEOU
T
Range = 0 to 30 5 5 False TIMEOUT Timeout (min) False
P AUTO Select: Y, N Y Y False AUTO Auto Message
Output
53
P RTS_CT
S
Select: Y, N N N False RTS_CTS Enable
RTS/CTS Handshaking
False
P FAST_O
P
Select: Y, N N N False FAST_OP Enable Fast
Operate
54
Appendix C: SEL-311L Settings
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> General CTR = 1;
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Backup Protection and Line Parameters PTR = 1; Z1Mag = 78.0; Z1Ang = 75.0; Z0Mag = 78.0; Z0Ang = 75.0; LL = 100; Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Phase Distance
E21P = 1; Z1P = 60; Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Ground Distance
E21MG =1; Z1MG = 60;
Group 1 -> Logic 1 -> Trip/Comm - Assisted Logic TR = M1P+Z1G;
Group 1 -> Logic 1 -> Output Contact
Out101 = !(M1P+Z1G) Global -> General
NFREQ = 60; PHROT = ACB;
61
Appendix D: SEL-710 Settings
Global -> General ->
APP = Full; PHROT = ACB; FNOM = 60; Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Main ->
CTR1 = 1; FLA1 = 1.4; E2SPEED = N; CTRN = 1; PTR = 1; VNOM = 208; DELTA_Y = WYE;
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Thermal Overload Elements-> E49MOTOR = Y; FLS = OFF; SF = 1.15; LRA1 = 3.00; LRTHOT1 = 2.00; RTC1 = AUTO;
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Overcurrent Elements -> Phase Overcurrent 50P1P = 4.50;
50P1D = 0.00;
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Overcurrent Elements -> Negative Sequence Overcurrent 50Q1P = 1.40;
50Q1D = 0.1;
Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Over/Under Voltage ->Undervoltage Elements 27P1P = 0.7;
27P1D = 3.0; Group 1 -> Set 1 -> Logic 1 -> Slot A
OUT101FS = N; OUT102FS = Y; OUT102 = TRIP; OUT103FS = Y; OUT102 = NOT TRIP;
67
References:
[1] Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, SEL-587-1 Relay Current Differential Relay Overcurrent Relay Instruction Manual, Pullman, Washington: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories 1995-2015.
[2] O. Corulli, “Motor Protection Lab Experiment Using SEL-710”, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, Senior Project Report, Jun. 2013. [3] B. Van Loon, “SEL-311L Overreaching Impedance Pilot Protection Laboratory”, Dept. Elect. Eng., California Polytechnic State Univ., San Luis Obispo, Senior Project Report, Jun. 2013.
[4] Electrical4U.com “Differential Protection of Transformer Differential Relays”
Electrical4U.com. [Online]. Available: http://www.electrical4u.com/differential-protection- of- transformer-differential-relays/ [Accessed: May, 18, 2016]
[5] M. ZELLAGUI and A. CHAGHI, Principal operation of MHO distance relay. [Online] Available: http://lejpt.academicdirect.org/A21/get_htm.php?htm=001_014.
[6] M. ZELLAGUI and A. CHAGHI, Settings zones of MHO distance relay. [Online] Available:http://lejpt.academicdirect.org/A21/get_htm.php?htm=001_014.
[7] Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, SEL-311L-6 Relay Protection and Automation System Instruction Manual, Pullman, Washington: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories 2001- 2015.
[8] Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, SEL-710 Motor Protection Relay Instruction Manual, Pullman, Washington: Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories 2006-2015.