CH 8 Summary and Conclusions
8.3 Future Research
Private health care expenditures are an important part of the total health spending (development and non development health expenditures) but non availability of private health expenditure data restricted us, in this study, to make use of the public health care spending which limits our conclusions and its robustness for policy lessons. It is, therefore, necessary to develop a record of private health spending as this will help to build an important link between public private partnerships in health sector. This
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will also help in better understanding of private health sector and to regularize the sector activities in different health care services provision and also a source of generating revenue for government which can be used in financing public health care spending.
It will be nice if researchers can develop time series or panel data on malnutrition or nutrition availability for labor force working in services, manufacturing and agriculture sector in developing countries (including Pakistan) and analyze the dynamic relationship over a fairly long period of time in cross country or at single country level. While exploring health-income relationship, it will also be interesting to empirically investigating that whether variables of the model are only correlated or causality also exists among them.
One caveat that remained and can be future line of inquiry is that environmental factors must be included in this type of analysis. It is due to the fact that with the structural transformation (manufacturing sector is overtaking agriculture sector) in countries like Pakistan and with the urbanization process there is evidence that there is an increase in pollution, availability of safe drinking water and sanitation facilities will definitely have an impact on public health.
Future research may focus on developing services/health care price index for Pakistan at national level and if possible at provincial level. This helps to see the price movements in services (health) sector which is a major sector contributing almost fifty percent to GDP of the country. The services and/or health price index will also help to understand in a better way price setting mechanism at disaggregated level and therefore helpful in determining the interventions needed to make correction for better functioning of competitive health care markets.
Another important aspect in time series analysis is the issue of structural break. Pakistan in an economy which is characterized as hanging between democracy and dictatorship and regime change is a common phenomenon. Therefore, this political process has strong bearing on policy making process and resource allocation in different sectors of the economy including health. It will be nice in the future, if a variable like regime change or democracy and dictatorship dummy is used to better capture the structural break that improves the robustness of the empirical results.
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