G+Q*F – This is the Factored Dead + Live Load Combination – If you have used the

Note:

The displacements shown in the contour plots are based upon the adjustments made in the FE Analysis Form for the Stiffness Factors, to allow for the effects of Long Term effects due to (Creep, Cracking and Shrinkage).

Negative values of Deflection are for sagging, where as positive values are for hogging in the slab

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 Left Click on the Effects tab and the following options become available:-

There are various different Effects which can be viewed in the Floor Analysis Post Processor.

These display, Global and Local effects, along with the Displacements / Moments / Area of Steel Requirements for the selected floor plate.

10.3.3

Loading and Effects

Mx These contours are displayed relative to a single global co-ordinate system. If you imagine the X direction Bars running from left to right in the plan view, then the Mx moments are the design moments that these bars will need to be designed to resist.

My These contours are displayed relative to a single global co-ordinate system. If you imagine the Y direction Bars running from bottom to top in the plan view, then the My moments are the design moments that these bars will need to be designed to resist.

Mxy The average Nodal Torsional Moment relative to the Global co-ordinate system (Wood & Armer Adjustments)

M1 The average nodal moment along Direction 1 (the Local coordinate system for the slab). By Default Direction 1 will be 0 degrees.

M2 The average nodal moment along Direction 2 (the Local coordinate system for the slab). Note Direction2 is always perpendicular to Direction 1.

M12 The average Nodal Torsional Moment relative to the Local coordinate system (Wood & Armer Adjustments)

As1-bot Required Area of Steel in the bottom face of the slab along Direction 1

As2-bot Required Area of Steel in the bottom face of the slab along Direction 2

As1-top Required Area of Steel in the top face of the slab along Direction 1

As2-top Required Area of Steel in the top face of the slab along Direction 2

Note:

Any contour plot which displays a d within its name allows for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustments. Example Md1 or As(d)1

Unless you have a specific reason for ignoring the Wood and Armer adjustments, it is recommended that you should ALWAYS work with the Md and As(d) results.

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Note:

Hogging Moments will

be denoted with

negative values. Sagging Moments will

be denoted with

positive values.

All Area of Steel values are based upon

mm2_/m

In any of the Contour plots the mouse pointer can be used to highlight any node and the precise information about that node is displayed in the bottom left of the window.

Wood & Armer Adjustments

These adjustments take plate torsional moments into account to generate adjusted design moments. If a detailed background of these adjustments is required then reference should be made to the original papers:-

Wood, R.H. “The reinforcement of slabs in accordance with a pre-determined field of moments” as published in Concrete 2.Feb 1968, pp69-76

Armer, G.S.T. “Correspondence” as published in Concrete, 2 Aug 1968, pp319-320

Therefore:

Md1-bot The sagging Moments in the bottom of the slab in Direction 1 which include for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustment

As(d)1-bot The area of steel requirements (based on the Effective Depth) in the bottom of the slab in Direction 1 which include for the effects of Wood and Armer adjustments.

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10.3.4

Setting the Concrete Effective Depth

Orion allows the user to set the Effective Concrete Depth, these settings will determine if the

horizontal bars (in plan) are to be located on the outer or inner face of the concrete. This option also allows the user to set the concrete cover which will then automatically calculate the effective depth for the generation of the contours, and determine the area of steel requirements.

 Right click anywhere in the FE Post Processor Window, and select Concrete Effective Depth

 Click on the Concrete Cover (to Bar Face) and type 25mm

 Ensure the Dir 1, is set to Layer 1 (Outer) – this will then place the horizontal bars (in plan) in layer 1 i.e. the bars nearest the upper and lower surface of the concrete.  Set the Bar Diameter in Dir 1 and Dir 2 to be H16

 Click OK

All of the Area of Steel contour plots will now be produced based upon these settings for the effective depth. Please note adjusting these values will effect each and every As and As(d) contour plot.

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10.3.5

Bottom Steel Reinforcement Provision

Although Orion has automatically calculated the Area of Steel Requirements, this information does not relate to actual bar sizes. Therefore we are going to determine the reinforcement in the slab, based on a user defined set of parameters for the bar sizes.

  

 Click on the Effects and select As(d)1-bot  Click on the User Defined Contours

 Right Click anywhere in the Post Processor Window and select Contour Settings

 Ensure the Number of Contours is set to 3

 Ensure the Legend setting is set to Both

 Click Update

 If the Re-Interpolate Contour values? Box appears click Yes

The Min and Max values cannot be altered but the Contours in-between can be used based on actual bar sizes and spacings.

Note:

The pull down menu at the side of the User Defined Contours option allows the user to change the display settings.

Shaded / Lines / Contour Values can all be switched on or off within this screen, this has no

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10.3.6

Creating the User Defined Contours (bottom steel)

 Left Click on the first contour value

 Left Click on the Steel Bar 1 and select Diameter H10 @ 300mm spacing

 Click the Update button and the left hand menu contour values will show H10-300

 Left Click second contour value

 Left Click on the Steel Bar 1 and select Diameter H10 @ 300 spacing

 Left Click on Steel Bar 2 and select Diameter H16 @ 300 spacing. This contour value is greater than the Max 744 mm2_/m reported

 Click the Update button

Note:

The second contour will be based upon alternate H10 and H16 diameter bars @ 150mm

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Note:

The blue areas in the contour plot denote where H10 @ 300mm is sufficient. The green area of the contour plot is where H10@300 plus H16 @ 300mm is required.

IMPORTANT

All contour plots are based upon exact values, therefore these plots DO

NOT include for

Anchorage Lengths

10.3.7

Creating the User Defined Contours (top steel)

 Select As(d)1-top plot from the Effects

 Right Click to enter the Contour Settings once again

 Ensure the Contours = 4 and the Legend is set to Both and click Update  Set the first contour to be H10 @ 300mm

 Set the second contour to be H10 @ 300 plus H20 @ 300mm

 Set the third contour to H10 @ 300 plus H20 @ 300 plus H25 @ 300mm  Click the Update button after completing the settings for each contour  Click OK

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