Issues
Poor targeting, introduction of conditioning in 2003: the oldest school age child must show they have attended school for most of term, and mothers must show they have attended primary health care facilities and nutrition training.
Programme and Evaluation Sources
Hessel Oosterbeek Juan Ponce Norbert Schady (2008) The Impact of Income Transfers on School Enrolment: Evidence from Ecuador, The World Bank Development Research Group, Policy Research Working Paper 4645 Impact Evaluation Series No. 22, posted at:
http://www-
wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2008/06/12/000158349_2 0080612133817/Rendered/PDF/wps4645.pdf
Schady, N. and Araujo, M. C. (2008), ‘Cash Transfers, Conditions, and School Enrolment in Equador’, Economia, Spring, pp. 43-77.
http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=2103970
(2008) Child labour and conditional cash transfer programmes in Latin America, International Labour Organization, available at:
Country El Salvador
Programme Type Income transfer plus –transfer for human development Programme Title Red Solidaria
Agencies involved Government of El Salvador, the Social Investment Fund for Local Development Year started March 2005
Programme Description
Component 1: Solidarity Family Network, Income transfers targeted at households with pregnant women and children under age 15, who have not finished 6th grade. Transfer is made on condition of school attendance and basic health care activities. It also includes lifelong learning sessions for beneficiary households. Component 2: Network of Basic Services, educational programmes, through; health and nutrition, and improvements and rehabilitation of basic and strategic infrastructure, such as drinking water, sanitation, electricity and rural roads. Component 3: Family Sustainability Network: Promotion of productive projects and micro-credit schemes in the targeted municipalities.
Programme Objectives
To assist extremely poor households through short-term improvements in child and maternal health and nutrition; basic education, and drinking water, sanitation , electricity and roads improvements to the poorest rural communities of the country.
Transfers Income transfers comprise a health stipend for households with pregnant women and
children under age 5, and an education stipend for households with children from 5 to 15 years old who have not completed 6th grade. Each stipend is worth US$15 per month per family. A family cap applies for a maximum US$20 per family. Conditions: School
enrolment and attendance to 6th grade amongst children aged 5-14. Register the family in health programmes, attend child and maternal health check-ups and ensure compliance with the basic child and maternal health protocols and immunizations. Attend family training sessions offered by Red Solidaria. Use the transfers provided by Red Solidaria on food consumption.
Target population and coverage
Poorest population of El Salvador.
The transfer is made to mothers or another female family member in charge of children’s care. In 2008, there were 80 thousand beneficiary households , about 380.000 individuals.
Selection of beneficiaries
Programme follows two criteria for targeting: 1) Geographic targeting, is based on poverty mapping, technique developed by the Latin-American Faculty of social sciences (FLACO), that uses a Multiple Purpose Household Survey (Encuesta de Hogares de Propositos Multiplos) to construct categories at municipality level: very high extreme poverty; high extreme poverty, moderate extreme poverty and low extreme poverty. The programme has targeted 100 municipalities classified as suffering from very high extreme and high
extreme poverty. 2) Household targeting which selects population in poverty
Monitoring and Evaluation
Evaluation results Conditionalities go beyond the health care checks and education assistance to include
women’s training in food preparation, hygiene, and child care. The transfer is made to women, but co-responsibility is encouraged by requesting both mothers and fathers to sign the agreement. Fathers are also encouraged to participate in capacity building.
Cost There is not available information about the budget and costs of Red Solidaria. The
estimated project costs are around US$50 million per year. Grants from EU (37 million Euros), Luxembourg (20 million Euro) and Spain ( 10 million Euro
Implementation Issues
Program started without predefined exit strategy and has not reached the point of dealing with program exits. The first transfer took place in 2005 in 15 municipalities totalling 13,278 beneficiary households. In 2006, 17 additional municipalities and 10.828 households were included. This completed coverage of the first group of 32 municipalities characterized by very high extreme poverty determined by the poverty map. In 2009 the programme aimed at reaching 100.000 households in 100 targeted municipalities. There is a lack of
participation of community leaders. There are plans to extend the programme to urban areas.
Programme and Evaluation Sources
Johannsen, J. Tejerina, L. Glassman, A. (2009) Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America: Problems and Opportunities, Inter-American Development Bank, posted at:
http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=2103970
Britto, T.F., 2007, ‘Challenges of El Salvador Conditional Cash Transfer: Red Solidaria’, Country Study, No. 9, International Poverty Centre, Brazil, available at: http://www.ipc- undp.org/pub/IPCCountryStudy9.pdf
Country Guatemala
Programme Type Income transfer plus –transfer for human development Programme Title Mi Familia Progresa initiated in 2008, to be expanded Agencies involved Government of Guatemala
Year started 2008 Programme
Description
Income transfer program, which provides income payments to poor mothers, upon them sending their children to school and for health check-ups.
Programme Objectives
To improve 3 MDGs (maternal health, universal basic education, and reduction in child mortality) through increased school attendance and enrolment, and increasing children’s and pregnant mothers’ access to health services. Programme aims at securing that poor children attend school and visit health centres regularly.
Transfers US$37.50 / month/ family
Conditions- school attendance and regular health checkups for their children.
Target population and coverage
477.746 beneficiary households 2009 – 177 municipalities, 485.214 children between 0 and5 years old, 951.165 children between 7 and 15 years old
281.000 beneficiary households in 2008
In 2009, the program will be expanded to reach 500,000 households Covers 13.6% population(2008) 46.7 % of extremely poor Selection of beneficiaries Monitoring and Evaluation Evaluation results