Haramaya District

Haramaya belongs to East Hararge Zone of Oromia Regional State. The district is neighbouring with various districts of the zone. Kurfa Challe borders it on the south, on the west by Kersa, on the north by Dire Dawa administrative city, on the east by Kombolcha and on the Southeast by the Harar Regional State.

According to the national census of the year 2007, the total number of the population of the district was 271, 018. Of this population, 18.46 % (50,032) of them were urban dwellers. The data also revealed that the number of the people who migrated to the urban areas increased from time to time. The district had an estimated population density of 430.2 people per square kilometer. Of the population, 96.04 % of the inhabitants constituted the Oromo, while 3.12% of them were Amhara. The remaining was from other linguistic groups. Afan Oromo was spoken as

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a mother tongue by 95.82 % of the populations, whereas Amharic was spoken by 3.62 % of them.

The district had about 68 primary schools (Grades 1-8). Of the primary schools, 62 of them were located in the rural areas where as six of them were placed in the urban, Haramaya town. From these primary schools (grades 1-8), 12 primary schools were selected and included in the study. After the expert of the district was consulted, the selection of the schools was done purposefully basing on the convenience of the school location. Of the schools, the number of teachers who participated in the study was selected. After the sample teachers were identified, the questionnaire, consisting of closed and open-ended questions, was distributed to the teachers who were willing to fill the questionnaire.

In the case of Haramaya district, the data were collected from both rural and urban areas as the schools in the district have been administrated under the two sites. The total number of teachers who were teaching in primary schools of the districts and their samples included in the study are presented in the following tables

Table 4.9 The number of teachers in both rural and urban areas of Haramaya district

Grade Sex Rural Urban Both

TTI Diploma Degree T TTI Diploma Degree T T

1-4 M 186 59 0 245 15 1 0 16 261 F 78 65 0 143 22 5 0 27 170 T 264 124 0 388 37 6 0 43 431 5-8 M 0 130 6 136 10 29 3 42 178 F 0 50 3 53 4 37 3 44 97 T 0 180 9 189 14 66 6 86 275 1-8 M 186 189 6 381 25 30 3 58 439 F 78 115 3 196 26 42 3 71 267 T 264 304 9 577 51 72 6 129 706

Source: the office of Education Bureau of the Haramaya district Notice: T= total, m= male, f= female

Table 4.9 shows the number of teachers and education levels in both rural and urban areas of Haramaya district. In the district, 577 primary school teachers were teaching in the rural areas,

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whereas 129 of them were teaching in the urban schools. Thus, 706 primary school teachers were available in both the rural and urban areas of the district when the data were collected in 2011/12 (2004 E.C). The grade levels the teachers were teaching and their education levels were also indicated (Table 4.9).

Table 4.10 Distributions of teachers, their education and grade levels they taught in 2011/12 (2004 E.C)

Grade levels

TTI Diploma Degree Total (1-8)

M F T M F T M F T M F T

1-4 201 100 301 60 70 130 0 0 0 261 170 431 5-8 10 4 14 159 87 246 9 6 15 178 97 275

1-8 211 104 315 219 157 376 9 6 15 439 267 706

Source: from each school of the Haramaya district

Notice: T= total, m= male, f= female

Table 4.10 reveals the total number of teachers, their education levels and grades they were teaching in the Haramaya district in the year 2012 (2004E.C.). In the district including both rural and urban areas, there were 439 male and 267 female teachers and 706 total numbers of the teachers who were teaching in the primary schools were available. Of these teachers, 431 and 275 of them were teaching in the first and second cycles respectively (Table 4.10).

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Table 4.11 Distributions of teachers, their education and sample size in 2011/12(2004 E.C.)

Education levels

Teachers teaching in Grades (1-8) Samples of teachers

M F T M F T

TTI 211 104 315 50 26 76

Diploma 219 157 376 53 38 91

Degree 9 6 15 2 1 3

Total 439 267 706 105 65 170

Source: Education Bureau of Haramaya district Notice: T= total, m= male, f= female

Table 4.11 portrays teachers’ educational levels, their numbers including their gender and the samples included in the study. It is apparent that 315 primary school teachers who had a certificate in teaching were available in the schools, whereas 376 of them had a diploma in teaching various subjects in the primary schools. In addition, 15 teachers who had a first degree in the teaching were also available and most of them were directors of the schools (Table 4.11).

Table 4.12 Distributions of students in primary schools in 2011/12(2004 E.C.)

Grades

Rural Urban Total (1-8)

M F T M F T M F T

1-4 20913 16050 36963 1217 1161 2378 22130 17211 39341

5-8 6022 3644 9666 1764 1323 3087 7786 4967 12753

1-8 26935 19694 46629 2981 2484 5465 29916 22178 52094

Source: Education Bureau of Haramaya district

Notice: T= total, m= male, f= female

Table 4.12 shows the number of students who were available in the primary schools in Haramaya district. In 2011/12 (2004 E.C.), 52094 number of students were available in the district. Of these students, 29,916 of them were males, while 22,178 of them were female. Of these students, 46,629 and 5, 465 of them came from rural and urban areas respectively.

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Table 4.13 Students-teacher ratio in rural, urban and both

Grades Rural Urban Total population (1-8)

Students Teachers Ratio Students Teachers Ratio Students Teachers Ratio 1-4 36963 388 95:1 2378 43 55:1 39341 431 91:1

5-8 9666 189 51:1 3087 86 36:1 12753 275 46:1

1-8 46629 577 81:1 5465 129 42:1 52094 706 74:1

Source: adapted from the data gathered during the years 2011/12 (2004 E.C.) from each school, Haramaya district

Table 4.13 presents the ratio of students to teacher both in rural and urban areas. As depicted in the table, the ratio of students to teachers in the first cycle (grades 1-4) is very high in rural areas when it is compared to the urban one. For example, in the rural area, one teacher might teach 95 students in the first cycle (grades 1-4), whereas the teacher might teach 55 students. On the average, one teacher who taught in the first cycle (grades 1-4) handled 91 students in grades 1-8. On the other hand, the ratio of students to teachers was on an average number. This would mean that one teacher taught handles 51 students in rural schools, whereas he/she taught 36 students in the urban schools (Table 4.13).