HIPAA Glossary - HIPAA CHECKLISTS DEVELOPING YOUR HIPAA DOCUMENTS PRACTICAL TOOLS AND RESOURCES

(Based on 45 CFR § 160.103, 45 CFR § 162.103, and 45 CFR § 164.501 definitions.) Actmeans the Social Security Act.

ANSIstands for the American National Standards Institute.

Business associate:

1. Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this definition, business associate means, with respect to a covered entity, a person who

(a) On behalf of such covered entity or of an organized health care arrangement (as defined in § 164.501 of this subchapter) in which the covered entity participates, but other than in the capacity of a member of the workforce of such covered entity or arrangement, performs or assists in the performance of the following:

(1) A function or activity involving the use or disclosure of individually identifiable health information, including claims processing or administration, data analysis, processing or administration, utilization review, quality assurance, billing, benefit management, practice management, and repricing; or

(2) Any other function or activity regulated by this subchapter; or

(b) Provides, other than in the capacity of a member of the workforce of such covered entity, legal, actuarial, accounting, consulting, data aggregation (as defined in § 164.501 of this subchapter), management, administrative, accreditation, or financial services to or for such covered entity, or to or for an organized health care arrangement in which the covered entity participates, where the provision of the service involves the disclosure of individually identifiable health information from such covered entity or arrangement, or from another business associate of such covered entity or arrangement, to the person.

2. A covered entity participating in an organized health care arrangement that performs a function or activity as described by paragraph a.(1) of this definition for or on behalf of such organized health care arrangement, or that provides a service as described in paragraph a.(2) of this definition to or for such organized health care arrangement, does not, simply through the performance of such function or activity or the provision of such service, become a business associate of other covered entities participating in such organized health care arrangement.

3. A covered entity may be a business associate of another covered entity.

Code set means any set of codes used to encode data elements, such as tables of terms, medical concepts, medical diagnostic codes, or medical procedure codes. A code set includes the codes and the descriptors of the codes.

Code set maintaining organization means an organization that creates and maintains the code sets adopted by the Secretary for use in the transactions for which standards are adopted in this part.

Compliance datemeans the date by which a covered entity must comply with a standard, implementation specification, requirement, or modification adopted under this subchapter.

Correctional institutionmeans any penal or correctional facility, jail, reformatory, detention center, work farm, halfway house, or residential community program center operated by, or under contract to, the United States, a State, a territory, a political subdivision of a State or territory, or an Indian tribe, for the confinement or rehabilitation of persons charged with or convicted of a criminal offense or other persons held in lawful custody. Other persons held in lawful custody includes juvenile offenders

adjudicated delinquent, aliens detained awaiting deportation, persons committed to mental institutions through the criminal justice system, witnesses, or others awaiting charges or trial.

Covered entity means:

1. A health plan;

2. A health care clearinghouse; and/or

3. A health care provider who transmits any health information in electronic form in connection with a transaction covered by this subchapter.

Covered functions means those functions of a covered entity the performance of which makes the entity a health plan, health care provider, or health care clearinghouse.

Data aggregationmeans, with respect to protected health information created or received by a business associate in its capacity as the business associate of a covered entity, the combining of such protected health information by the business associate with the protected health information received by the business associate in its capacity as a business associate of another covered entity, to permit data analyses that relate to the health care operations of the respective covered entities.

Data condition means the rule that describes the circumstances under which a covered entity must use a particular data element or segment.

Data contentmeans all the data elements and code sets inherent to a transaction, and not related to the format of the transaction. Data elements that are related to the format are not data content.

Data elementmeans the smallest named unit of information in a transaction.

Data set means a semantically meaningful unit of information exchanged between two parties to a transaction.

Descriptormeans the text defining a code.

Designated record setmeans the following:

1. A group of records maintained by or for a covered entity that is

(a) The medical records and billing records about individuals maintained by or for a covered health care provider;

(b) The enrollment, payment, claims adjudication, and case or medical management record systems maintained by or for a health plan; or

2. For purposes of this paragraph, the term record means any item, collection, or grouping of information that includes protected health information and is maintained, collected, used, or disseminated by or for a covered entity.

Designated Standard Maintenance Organization (DSMO) means an organization designated by the Secretary under §162.910(a).

Direct data entry means the direct entry of data (for example, using dumb terminals or Web browsers) that is immediately transmitted into a health plan’s computer.

Direct treatment relationshipmeans a treatment relationship between an individual and a health care provider that is not an indirect treatment relationship.

Disclosuremeans the release, transfer, provision of access to, or divulging in any other manner of information outside the entity holding the information.

Electronic mediameans the mode of electronic transmission. It includes the Internet (wide-open), Extranet (using Internet technology to link a business with information only accessible to collaborating parties), leased lines, dial-up lines, private networks, and those transmissions that are physically moved from one location to another using magnetic tape, disk, or compact disk media.

Formatrefers to those data elements that provide or control the enveloping or hierarchical structure, or assist in identifying data content of, a transaction.

Group health plan(also see definition of health plan in this section) means an employee welfare benefit plan [as defined in section 3(1) of the Employee Retirement Income and Security Act of 1974 (ERISA), 29 U.S.C. 1002(1)], including insured and self-insured plans, to the extent that the plan provides medical care [as defined in section 2791(a)(2) of the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), 42 U.S.C. 300gg-91(a)(2)], including items and services paid for as medical care, to employees or their dependents directly or through insurance, reimbursement, or otherwise, that

1. Has 50 or more participants, as defined in section 3(7) of ERISA, 29 U.S.C. 1002(7); or

2. Is administered by an entity other than the employer that established and maintains the plan.

HCFAstands for Health Care Financing Administrationwithin the Department of Health and Human Services — now the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS).

HCPCSstands for the Health [Care Financing Administration] Common Procedure Coding System.

Health caremeans care, services, or supplies related to the health of an individual. Health careincludes, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Preventive, diagnostic, therapeutic, rehabilitative, maintenance, or palliative care and counseling, service, assessment, or procedure with respect to the physical or mental condition, or functional status, of an individual or that affects the structure or function of the body; and

2. Sale or dispensing of a drug, device, equipment, or other item in accordance with a prescription.

Health care clearinghousemeans a public or private entity — including a billing service, repricing company, community health management information system, or community health information system — and “value-added” networks and switches that does either of the following functions:

1. Processes or facilitates the processing of health information received from another entity in a

nonstandard format or containing nonstandard data content into standard data elements or a standard transaction.

2. Receives a standard transaction from another entity and processes or facilitates the processing of health information into nonstandard format or nonstandard data content for the receiving entity.

Health care operationsmeans any of the following activities of the covered entity to the extent that the activities are related to covered functions:

1. Conducting quality assessment and improvement activities, including outcomes evaluation and development of clinical guidelines, provided that the obtaining of generalizable knowledge is not the primary purpose of any studies resulting from such activities; population-based activities relating to improving health or reducing health care costs, protocol development, case management and care coordination, contacting of health care providers and patients with information about treatment alternatives; and related functions that do not include treatment;

2. Reviewing the competence or qualifications of health care professionals; evaluating practitioner and provider performance, health plan performance; conducting training programs in which students, trainees, or practitioners in areas of health care learn under supervision to practice or improve their skills as health care providers; training of nonhealth care professionals; accreditation, certification, licensing, or credentialing activities;

3. Underwriting, premium rating, and other activities relating to the creation, renewal, or replacement of a contract of health insurance or health benefits, and ceding, securing, or placing a contract for reinsurance of risk relating to claims for health care (including stop-loss insurance and excess of loss insurance), provided that the requirements of § 164.514(g) are met, if applicable;

4. Conducting or arranging for medical review, legal services, and auditing functions, including fraud and abuse detection and compliance programs;

5. Business planning and development, such as conducting cost-management and planning-related analyses related to managing and operating the entity, including formulary development and administration, development or improvement of methods of payment or coverage policies;

6. Business management and general administrative activities of the entity, including, but not limited to, the following:

(a) Management activities relating to implementation of and compliance with the requirements of this subchapter;

(b) Customer service, including the provision of data analyses for policyholders, plan sponsors, or other customers, provided that protected health information is not disclosed to such policy holder, plan sponsor, or customer.

(d) The sale, transfer, merger, or consolidation of all or part of the covered entity with another covered entity; or an entity that following such activity will become a covered entity and due diligence related to such activity; and

Health care providermeans a provider of services [as defined in section 1861(u) of the Act, 42 U.S.C.

1395x(u)], a provider of medical or health services [as defined in section 1861(s) of the Act, 42 U.S.C.

1395x(s)], and any other person or organization who furnishes, bills, or is paid for health care in the normal course of business.

Health informationmeans any information, whether oral or recorded in any form or medium, that 1. Is created or received by a health care provider, health plan, public health authority, employer, life

insurer, school or university, or health care clearinghouse; and

2. Relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual; the provision of health care to an individual; or the past, present, or future payment for the provision of health care to an individual.

Health insurance issuer [as defined in section 2791(b)(2) of the PHS Act, 42 U.S.C. 300gg-91(b)(2) and used in the definition of health plan in this section] means an insurance company, insurance service, or insurance organization (including an HMO) that is licensed to engage in the business of insurance in a State and is subject to State law that regulates insurance. Such term does not include a group health plan.

Health maintenance organization (HMO) [as defined in section 2791(b)(3) of the PHS Act, 42 U.S.C.

300gg-91(b)(3) and used in the definition of health plan in this section] means a federally qualified HMO, an organization recognized as an HMO under State law, or a similar organization regulated for solvency under State law in the same manner and to the same extent as such an HMO.

Health oversight agencymeans an agency or authority of the United States, a State, a territory, a

political subdivision of a State or territory, or an Indian tribe, or a person or entity acting under a grant of authority from or contract with such public agency, including the employees or agents of such public agency or its contractors or persons or entities to whom it has granted authority, that is authorized by law to oversee the health care system (whether public or private) or government programs in which health information is necessary to determine eligibility or compliance, or to enforce civil rights laws for which health information is relevant.

Health plan[as defined in section 2791(a)(2) of the PHS Act, 42 U.S.C. 300gg-91(a)(2)] means an individual or group plan that provides, or pays the cost of, medical care.

1. Health plan includes the following, singly or in combination:

(a) A group health plan, as defined in this section (b) A health insurance issuer, as defined in this section (c) An HMO, as defined in this section

(d) Part A or Part B of the Medicare program under title XVIII of the Act (e) The Medicaid program under title XIX of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1396, et seq.

(f) An issuer of a Medicare supplemental policy, as defined in section 1882(g)(1) of the Act, 42 U.S.C.

1395ss(g)(1)

(g) An issuer of a long-term care policy, excluding a nursing home fixed-indemnity policy

(h) An employee welfare benefit plan or any other arrangement that is established or maintained for the purpose of offering or providing health benefits to the employees of two or more employers (i) The health care program for active military personnel under title 10 of the United States Code

(j) The veterans health care program under 38 U.S.C. chapter 17

(k) Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS), as defined in 10 U.S.C. 1072(4)

(l) The Indian Health Service program under the Indian Health Care Improvement Act, 25 U.S.C.

1601, et seq.

(m) The Federal Employees Health Benefits Program under 5 U.S.C. 8902, et seq.

(n) An approved State child health plan under title XXI of the Act, providing benefits for child health assistance that meet the requirements of section 2103 of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1397, et seq.

(o) The Medicare + Choice program under Part C of title XVIII of the Act, 42 U.S.C. 1395w-21 through 1395w-28

(p) A high-risk pool that is a mechanism established under State law to provide health insurance coverage or comparable coverage to eligible individuals

(q) Any other individual or group plan, or combination of individual or group plans, that provides or pays for the cost of medical care, as defined in section 2791(a)(2) of the PHS Act, 42 U.S.C. 300gg-91(a)(2)

2. Health plan excludes the following:

(a) Any policy, plan, or program to the extent that it provides, or pays for the cost of, excepted benefits that are listed in section 2791(c)(1) of the PHS Act, 42 U.S.C. 300gg-91(c)(1); and (b) A government-funded program other than one listed in paragraph (1)(a)-(q) of this definition:

(1) Whose principal purpose is other than providing, or paying the cost of, health care; or (2) Whose principal activity is:

a. The direct provision of health care to persons; or

b. The making of grants to fund the direct provision of health care to persons.

HHSstands for the Department of Health and Human Services.

Indirect treatment relationshipmeans a relationship between an individual and a health care provider in which the following occurs:

1. The health care provider delivers health care to the individual based on the orders of another health care provider; and

2. The health care provider typically provides services or products, or reports the diagnosis or results associated with the health care, directly to another health care provider, who provides the services or products or reports to the individual.

Individualmeans the person who is the subject of protected health information.

Individually identifiable health informationis information that is a subset of health information, including demographic information collected from an individual, and

1. Is created or received by a health care provider, health plan, employer, or health care clearinghouse;

and

(a) That identifies the individual or

(b) With respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe the information can be used to identify the individual.

Implementation specification means specific requirements or instructions for implementing a standard.

Inmate means a person incarcerated in or otherwise confined to a correctional institution.

Law enforcement officialmeans an officer or employee of any agency or authority of the United States, a State, a territory, a political subdivision of a State or territory, or an Indian tribe, who is empowered by law to

1. Investigate or conduct an official inquiry into a potential violation of law; or

2. Prosecute or otherwise conduct a criminal, civil, or administrative proceeding arising from an alleged violation of law.

Maintainor maintenancerefers to activities necessary to support the use of a standard adopted by the Secretary, including technical corrections to an implementation specification, and enhancements or expansion of a code set. This term excludes the activities related to the adoption of a new standard or implementation specification, or modification to an adopted standard or implementation specification.

Marketingmeans:

1. To make a communication about a product or service that encourages recipients of the communication to purchase or use the product or service, unless the communication is made

(a) To describe a health-related product or service (or payment for such product or service) that is provided by, or included in a plan of benefits of, the covered entity making the communication, including communications about: the entities participating in a health care provider network or health plan network; replacement of, or enhancements to, a health plan; and health-related

products or services available only to a health plan enrollee that add value to, but are not part of, a plan of benefits.

(b) For treatment of the individual; or

(c) For case management or care coordination for the individual, or to direct or recommend alternative treatments, therapies, health care providers, or settings of care to the individual.

2. An arrangement between a covered entity and another entity whereby the covered entity discloses protected health information to the other entity, in exchange for direct or indirect remuneration, for the other entity or its affiliate to make a communication about its own product or service that encourages recipients of the communication to purchase or use that product or service.

Maximum defined data set means all of the required data elements for a particular standard based on a specific implementation specification.

Modify or modificationrefers to a change adopted by the Secretary, through regulation, to a standard or an implementation specification.

Organized health care arrangementmeans one of the following:

1. A clinically integrated care setting in which individuals typically receive health care from more than one health care provider.

2. An organized system of health care in which more than one covered entity participates, and in which the participating covered entities

(a) Hold themselves out to the public as participating in a joint arrangement; and (b) Participate in joint activities that include at least one of the following:

(1) Utilization review, in which health care decisions by participating covered entities are reviewed by other participating covered entities or by a third party on their behalf;

(2) Quality assessment and improvement activities, in which treatment provided by participating covered entities is assessed by other participating covered entities or by a third party on their behalf; or

(3) Payment activities, if the financial risk for delivering health care is shared, in part or in whole, by participating covered entities through the joint arrangement and if protected health

information created or received by a covered entity is reviewed by other participating covered entities or by a third party on their behalf for the purpose of administering the sharing of financial risk.

3. A group health plan and a health insurance issuer or HMO with respect to such group health plan, but only with respect to protected health information created or received by such health insurance issuer or

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