hours and you will be provided with a $25 gift card

Risks: There are minimal psychological and sociological risks involved for participants in the interview. Participants will be asked to discuss their personal experiences with racial, ethnic, socio- economic class, and national identities, as well as discrimination.

These topics have a slight potential to create anxiety around memories and experiences that surface. Personal stories on sensitive topics can be exposed if confidentiality is breached. The inadvertent disclosure of an individual’s identity could lead to embarrassment if personal or sensitive information was shared. However, all precautions are being taken to maintain your confidentiality. Any information that is obtained in connection with this study and that can lead to your identification will remain confidential. Furthermore, I have removed all direct identifiers (name, phone number, and email) as soon as possible after receipt of the survey, and have substituted codes as identifiers for both the survey and interview portions of the research. The data obtained will be destroyed after a period of three years after the study is completed.

Benefits: There are benefits to this research as well, particularly that participants will be given the opportunity to share their stories in a confidential, non-threatening environment. Results will be shared with you, giving you the opportunity to learn about both the shared and unique experiences that you have with other Trinidadians in your community.

If you have questions: If you have any questions about the research at any time, please call me, Stephanie Zukerman, at 215-527-2267, or my faculty advisor Dr.

Chris Cartwright at 503-297-4622. If you have any questions about your rights as a participant in a research project please call the Research & Graduate Studies Office, University of the Pacific (209) 946-7716.

Voluntary nature of participation and your right to withdrawal without

consequence: Your participation is entirely voluntary and your decision whether or not to participate will involve no penalty or loss of benefits to which you are

otherwise entitled. If you decide to participate, you are free to discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled.

Consent: Your signature below indicates that you have read and understand the information provided above, that you willingly agree to participate, that you may withdraw your consent at any time, and discontinue participation at any time without penalty or loss of benefits to which you are otherwise entitled, that you will receive a copy of this form, and that you are not waiving any legal claims or rights.

You can contact me, Stephanie Zukerman, to obtain results of the study upon completion of the research. I can be reached at 215-527-2267 or

[email protected].

You will be offered a copy of this signed form to keep.

Signature Date

APPENDIX D. INTERVIEW PROTOCOL

1. Tell me about yourself. I would like to learn more about your migration story.

You came to the U.S. when you were ___ age. What year was that? What brought you here?

2. In the survey, you stated that you feel insert answer to Q. 12. Can you tell me why you feel that way? What about you has changed/stayed the same?

Have you felt pressures to assimilate or fit in, or have you felt welcome to maintain elements of your own cultural identity?

Follow up on comments left in survey Q. 12.

3. In your experience, how did Trinidadians identify a person’s racial or ethnic group when you lived there? In your experience, how do Americans identify a person’s racial or ethnic group? Do these hold true for you specifically?

4. In the survey, I asked you to rank how important certain parts of your identity (race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status/class, and nationality) were to you when you lived in Trinidad, and then again now that you are living in the U.S. I noticed that there was a change (or no change) in insert any changes/no changes in the dimensions of identity. Why do you feel that way? What has changed or stayed the same? Please share one or two stories or experiences you’ve had.

5. a) Did you experience discrimination when you lived in Trinidad? Yes/no b) If yes, why do you think you were discriminated against? What was it based on? If not, why do you feel that you were not?

6. a) Have you experienced discrimination in the U.S.? Yes/no

b) If yes, why do you think you were discriminated against? What was it based on? If not, why do you feel that you were not?

7. Since living in the U.S., has anyone ever asked you the question, “what are you?”

or any related questions regarding your race, ethnicity, or nationality? If so, how do you answer? How do questions like these affect you?

8. How do you think non-West Indians view your ethnicity and race? How about your cultural identity?

9. Have you ever felt like people have put you in a particular category or labeled you in a way that did not fit your identity? If so, please tell me about it; how were you categorized or perceived?

Probes: How did that make you feel? How did you respond? What effect do you think this has had on you? What do you think prompted them to categorize you this way?

10. What was your first impression of the U.S. when you arrived? Can you remember if your perception of your racial or ethnic identity changed within your first 2-3 years of being here? If yes, in what ways? Think about what labels you were assigned and how you felt about that.

Probes: How has your perception of your racial or ethnic identity changed over the years? What are some of the factor that you think contributed to this?

11. Are you more aware of race and racial issues after coming to the U.S? If yes, what do you believe caused this?

12. Would you ever move back to Trinidad again? Why or why not?

13. How do you maintain or express your Trinidadian identity?

APPENDIX E. SALIENCY RESULTS FROM SURVEY

Table E1

Saliency: Levels of Importance of Four Dimensions of Identity Trinidad

Identity 0* % 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 %

Race 2 8.70 5 21.74 3 13.04 1 4.35 6 26.09 6 26.09 Ethnicity 1 4.35 5 21.74 1 4.35 3 13.04 7 30.43 6 26.09

Socio-economic

2 8.70 2 8.70 1 4.35 4 17.39 8 34.70 6 26.09 Nationality 3 13.04 1 4.35 2 8.70 4 13.04 4 17.39 9 39.13

Note. Measured by number of respondents and percentage of the total respondents (23).

*0 = Not at all important; 5 = Extremely important

Table E2

Saliency: Levels of Importance of the Four Dimensions of Identity United States

Identity 0* % 1 % 2 % 3 % 4 % 5 %

Race 1 4.35 4 17.30 1 4.35 2 8.70 6 26.09 9 39.13 Ethnicity 1 4.35 3 13.04 1 4.35 2 8.70 7 30.43 9 39.13

Socio-economic

1 4.35 1 4.35 2 8.70 4 17.39 8 34.70 7 30.43 Nationality 1 4.35 1 4.35 2 8.70 3 13.04 4 17.39 12 52.10

Note. Measured by number of respondents and percentage of the total respondents (23).

*0 = Not at all important; 5 = Extremely important

Table E3

Shifts in Saliency of the Four Dimensions of Identity Based on Participant Ages.

Amount of Shift by Identity

21-30 % 31-40 % 41-50 % 51-60+ %

Race

MS* 0 0.00 2 75.00 2 25.00 5 45.45

LS 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 25.00 2 18.19

NC 1 100.00 1 25.00 4 50.00 4 36.36

Ethnicity

MS 0 0.00 0 0.00 4 50.00 5 45.45

LS 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 12.50 1 9.10

NC 1 100.00 3 100.00 3 37.50 5 45.45

Socio-economic

MS 0 0.00 0 0.00 2 25.00 4 36.36

LS 0 0.00 0 0.00 1 12.50 0 0.00

NC 1 100.00 3 100.00 5 62.50 7 63.64

Nationality

MS 1 100.00 1 33.33 2 25.00 3 27.27

LS 0 0.00 1 33.33 1 12.50 0 0.00

NC 0 0.00 1 33.33 5 62.50 8 72.73

Note. Measured by number of respondents and percentage of the total of each age group

*MS=more salient; LS=less salient; NC=no change