D em ogr aph ic Po pu la
tion Adolescent fertility rate [per 1 000 girls aged 15–19 years] Annual number of births to women aged 15–19 years per 1 000 women in that age group.
Also referred to as the age-specific fertility rate for women aged 15–19 years. Ageing index [Number] Ratio of the number of people 65+ to the number under 15 years.
i.e. a value of 16 means there are 16 people aged 65 and over for every 100 under 15 years of age. Calculated as ([65+/0–14]*100)
Annual population growth rate [%] The rate at which the population is increasing or decreasing in a given year expressed as a percentage of the base population size. It takes into consideration all the components of population growth, namely births, deaths and migration. Area (square km) [km2] Land area covered by geographic entity.
Area as a % of total area of South Africa
[%] Area of province divided by total area of country (South Africa).
Average household size [Number] Average number of people living in each household where household is defined as
a person, or a group of persons, who occupy a common dwelling (or part of it) for at least four days a week and who provide themselves jointly with food and other essentials for living. In other words, they live together as a unit. People who occupy the same dwelling, but who do not share food or other essentials, are enumerated as separate households. Crude death rate [deaths per 1 000
population]
Number of deaths in a year per 1 000 population.
Live birth occurrences registered
[Number] The number of live birth occurrences registered. Population [Number] Total number of people.
Population % by population group [%] Proportion of South African population in each population (ethnic) group (calculated from number of people per population group and population for whole of South Africa).
Population % by province [%] Proportion of South African population in each province (calculated from population per province and population for whole of South Africa).
Population density [people per km2] The number of people per square kilometre.
Public sector dependent (uninsured) population [Number]
This is an adjustment of the total population to the number assumed to be dependent on services in the public health sector based on medical scheme (health insurance) coverage.
It is calculated by subtracting the number of people with medical scheme cover (determined from medical scheme membership reports, or surveys indicating percentage of population on medical schemes) from the total population. Total fertility rate [Number] The average number of children that a woman gives birth to in her lifetime, assuming that the prevailing rates remain
unchanged.
Urban percentage [%] Proportion of population living in urban environment.
An urban area is one which has been legally proclaimed as being urban e.g. towns, cities and metropolitan areas.
So ci o- econ om ic and ri sk fa ct or s De vel op m en
t Poverty prevalence [%] Proportion of people/households living in poverty. Depending on the poverty line and the methodology used there are
various estimates of the extent of poverty, therefore caution should be observed in comparing estimates from different sources, and comparative reliability can be assessed from the rank order correlation between different sets of estimates.
Edu
ca
tion Education level: percentage of population with no schooling [%] Percentage of people in a given age group who have received a particular level of education.
Em
pl
oy
m
en
t Unemployment rate (official definition)
[%]
The official definition of the unemployed is that they are those people within the economically active population (aged 15–65) who
(a) did not have a job or business during the 7 days prior to the interview, (b) want to work and are available to work within two weeks of the interview, and
(c) have taken active steps to look for work or to start some form of self-employment in the 4 weeks prior to the interview. Note that the census produces lower estimates of labour force participation because there are less prompts to identify employed people, and the Labour Force Survey provides the official labour market statistics.
En vi ro nme nt al risk
s Age-standardized mortality rate
attributed to household and ambient air pollution [per 100 000 population]
The mortality attributable to the joint effects of household and ambient air pollution.
Air pollution level in cities [particulate matter (PM)]
Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns of diameter (PM2.5) [ug/m3] (or of less than 10
microns [PM10] if PM2.5 is not available) in cities.
Average death rate due to natural disasters [per 100 000 population]
Number of deaths, missing persons and directly affected persons attributed to disasters per 100 000 population.
Drinking Water System (Blue Drop)
Performance Rating [%] Composite score measuring compliance of water suppliers with water quality management requirements. Includes microbiological, chemical and physical compliance criteria.
seh
ol
d F
ac
ilit
ies Mortality rate attributed to exposure to
unsafe WASH services [per 100 000 population]
Mortality rate attributed to unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and lack of hygiene (exposure to unsafe Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for All (WASH) services)
Percentage of households by type of
Percentage of people with access to improved sanitation [%]
Percentage of the population using improved sanitation facilities (including flush to piped sewer system, flush to septic tank, flush/pour flush to pit, flush/pour flush to elsewhere).
Percentage of population with primary
reliance on clean fuels [%] Percentage of population with primary reliance on clean fuels Percentage of population with
sustainable access to an improved water source [%]
‘Improved’ water supply technologies are: household connection, public standpipe, borehole, protected dug well, protected spring, rainwater collection.
‘Not improved’ are: unprotected well, unprotected spring, vendor-provided water, bottled water (based on concerns about the quantity of supplied water, not concerns over the water quality), tanker truck provided water.
It is assumed that if the user has access to an ‘improved source’ then such source would be likely to provide 20 litres per capita per day at a distance no longer than 1 000 metres.
M or ta lit y M or ta lit
y Adult mortality (45q15 – probability of
dying between 15–60 years of age) [%]
The probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60 years of age (percentage of 15-year-olds who die before their 60th birthday).
Healthy life expectancy (HALE) [Years] Healthy life expectancy or health-adjusted life expectancy is based on life expectancy at birth but includes an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is most easily understood as the equivalent number of years in full health that a newborn can expect to live based on current rates of ill-health and mortality.
Life expectancy at birth [Year] The average number of additional years a person could expect to live if current mortality trends were to continue for the rest of that person’s life.
D is ab ili ty D is ab ili
ty Cataract surgery rate [per 1 million uninsured]
Cataract operation per million of the population.
Prevalence of disability [%] Recent surveys use the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) approach where respondents are asked about ‘difficulty’ with various activities rather than disability, with a continuum from ‘no difficulty’ to ‘not able’. In fe cti ou s D is ea se In fe ct io us D is eas
e Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen
[%]
Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive, adjusted for sampling design.
Although there is some literature about hepatitis B prevalence in South Africa the studies quoted appear to be from 1970s and 1980s.
Reported cases of cholera [Number] The number of cases of cholera reported to the Department of Health.
Since case reporting of notifiable diseases has been incomplete and delayed for several years, the number of laboratory- confirmed cases from NHLS has been included where available, although these would be expected to include only a subset of the total number of notified cases.
Reported cases of measles [Number] Number of cases of measles reported to the National Department of Health per year.
Since case reporting of notifiable diseases has been so incomplete and delayed for several years, the number of laboratory confirmed cases from NHLS has been included where available, although these would be expected to include only a subset of the total number of notified cases.
Reported cases of rabies [Number] Number of cases of rabies reported per year.
Since case reporting of notifiable diseases has been incomplete and delayed for several years, the number of laboratory- confirmed cases from NHLS has been included where available, although these would be expected to include only a subset of the total number of notified cases.
Reported number of people (in thousands) requiring interventions against NTDs [per 1 000 population]
Syphilis prevalence rate (antenatal) [%] Percentage of women surveyed testing positive for syphilis.
M
ala
ria Case fatality rate: malaria [%] Number of deaths divided by number of cases expressed as a percentage. Malaria mortality rate [per 100 000
population]
Number of adults and children who have died due to malaria in a specific year, expressed as a rate per 100 000 population.
Reported cases of malaria [per 100 000] The number of cases of malaria reported to the Department of Health per 100 000 population (for the relevant year). Also known as incidence of malaria.
Reported cases of malaria [Number] The number of cases of malaria reported to the Department of Health.
Reported deaths from malaria [Number] The number of deaths from malaria reported to the Department of Health or recorded in vital registration (ICD-10 codes B50-B54). Tu be rcu lo sis (T B ) C as e f in
ding Incidence of TB (all types) [per 100 000] Estimated number of cases of tuberculosis (all types) per 100 000 population (for the year).
Adjusted for estimated under-reporting of TB cases and other factors. Incidence of TB DS (cases started on
treatment) (ETR.net) [Cases per 100 000 population]
Drug sensitive (DS) TB cases started on treatment (in ETR.net) per 100 000 people in the catchment population.
MDR-TB started on treatment [Number] Number of MDR-TB patients who started treatment. Number of TB DS cases started on
treatment (ETR.net) [Number] Number of drug sensitive (DS) TB cases started on treatment in ETR.net. Prevalence of multidrug resistance
among new TB cases [%]
Estimated percentage of new cases of TB which are multidrug resistant.
Reported cases of MDR-TB [Number] Number of laboratory-diagnosed cases of MDR-TB. MDR-TB is defined as resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid, with or without resistance to other first-line anti-TB drugs.
Reported cases of TB (all types) [per
100 000] Number of cases of tuberculosis (all types) reported to the Department of Health per 100 000 population (for the year). TB Rifampicin resistance confirmed
client rate Percentage of positive TB tests that are RIF resistant (based only on tests done using GeneXpert technology). XDR-TB started on treatment [%] Number of XDR-TB patients who started treatment.
Pr og ra m m e M ana gem en
t Case detection rate (all forms) [%] Proportion of incident cases of TB (all types) that were notified.
For a given country, it is calculated as the number of notified cases of TB in one year divided by the number of estimated incident cases of TB in the same year, and expressed as a percentage.
Tuberculosis death rate per 100 000 (in
HIV-positive people) [%] Number of deaths due to TB in HIV-positive people per 100 000 population. Note that these deaths are officially classified as being caused by HIV/AIDS according to the International classification of diseases. Tuberculosis mortality rate per 100 000
(excluding HIV) [per 100 000 population]
Number of deaths due to tuberculosis (all types) reported per 100 000 population (for the year). The reported TB mortality excludes deaths occurring in HIV-positive TB cases, in accordance with the definition used in ICD-10. Tuberculosis prevalence rate [per
100 000 population]
Number of people with TB (all types) per 100 000 population.
Tr ea tm en t out co m
es TB client lost to follow up rate (ETR.
net) [%] The percentage of TB clients (all types of TB) who defaulted treatment. TB death rate (ETR.net) [%] The percentage of TB clients (all types of TB registered in ETR.net) who died. TB DR client death rate (EDRWeb) [%] The percentage of TB clients (DR TB) who died.
TB DR client loss to follow up rate (EDRWeb) [%]
The percentage of TB clients (DR TB) who are lost to follow up.
TB DR treatment success rate (EDRWeb) [%]
The percentage of TB clients (DR TB) cured plus those who completed treatment.
TB treatment failure (ETR.net) [%] The percentage of TB clients (all types of TB) who failed treatment.
TB treatment success rate (ETR.net) [%] The percentage of TB clients (all types registered in ETR.net) cured plus those who completed treatment.
H IV a nd A ID S H IV a nd A ID
S Adult Remaining in care (RIC) after 12
months [%] Cumulative proportion of clients on treatment after interval. This value will enable the programme to assess retention on treatment over time. Adult remaining on ART at end of the
month – total [Number]
Adult with viral load completion rate at 12 months [%]
Proportion of clients still on treatment who had viral load test done at specific time intervals.
Adult with viral load suppressed rate 12
months [%] Proportion of ART clients with viral load suppressed at different time intervals. This indicates the population level immunological impact of clients on ART. Antiretroviral coverage (2nd 90) [%] The number of patients receiving ART, divided by the number needing treatment.
The denominator has changed over time, due to changes in treatment guidelines affecting the criteria for treatment eligibility. The latest definition is that all HIV-infected patients should be on ART. This indicator is also one of the 90-90- 90 global targets for AIDS (UNAIDS).
Antiretroviral treatment exposure [%] Percentage of people living with HIV on ART.
Measured by laboratory testing for antiretroviral drugs in HIV-positive samples. Child Remaining in care (RIC) after 12
months [%]
Cumulative proportion of clients on treatment after interval. This value will enable the programme to assess retention on treatment over time.
Child under 15 years remaining on ART at end of the month – total [Number] Child with viral load completion rate at 12
months [%] Proportion of clients still on treatment who had viral load test done at specific time intervals. Child with viral load suppressed rate 12
months [%] Proportion of ART clients with viral load suppressed at different time intervals. This indicates the population level immunological impact of clients on ART. Clients remaining on ART rate [%] Percentage of estimated people living with HIV who remain on ART.
HIV testing coverage (excluding ANC) [%]
Clients HIV tested as proportion of population 15–49 years.
HIV testing coverage [%] Percentage of target population who have been tested for HIV. HIV testing coverage age 19 months and
older [%]
Clients 19 months and older who were tested for HIV as a proportion of the population one year and older
HIV viral load suppression (3rd 90) [%] Percentage of people on ART who are virologically suppressed (VL level <= 1 000 copies/mL). Male circumcision (% of men who are
circumcised) [%] The percentage of men (15–59 years, unless otherwise specified) who have been circumcised. Medical male circumcision 10 years and
older [Number] Males 10 years and older who are circumcised under medical supervision Medical male circumcision rate [%] Number of medical male circumcisions per 1 000 males 10 years and older Number of patients receiving ART Number of patients receiving ART.
People living with HIV [Number] The number of people who are HIV-positive. People with HIV receiving antiretroviral
therapy and virally suppressed [%]
Proportion of HIV-positive adults on ART and virally suppressed
Percentage of deaths due to AIDS [%] Percentage of total deaths attributed to AIDS related causes. Percentage of people living with HIV
(PLHIV) who know their status (1st 90) [%]
Percentage of people living with HIV who know their HIV status.
Percentage of TB cases with known HIV status (ETR.net) [%]
Percentage of TB cases (all TB) with known HIV status (positive or negative).
TB/HIV co-infected client on ART rate
(ETR.Net) [%] Percentage of HIV-positive TB cases (all TB) who are recorded as being on ART.
va
len
ce HIV incidence [%] The HIV incidence rate is the percentage of people who are uninfected at the beginning of the period who will become infected over the twelve months.
PM
TC
T Antenatal client HIV 1st test positive
rate [%]
Antenatal clients tested HIV positive as the proportion of antenatal clients HIV tested for the first time during current pregnancy.
Antenatal client initiated on ART rate [%] Antenatal clients on ART as a proportion of the total number of antenatal clients who are HIV positive and not previously on ART.
HIV PCR birth testing coverage [%] The percentage of infants born to HIV-positive mothers who receive a PCR test within 7 days of birth. HIV test around 18 months uptake rate
[%] Infant rapid HIV test around 18 months after birth as the proportion of infants under 18 months. Infant PCR test positive around 10 weeks
rate [%]
Infants tested PCR positive for follow up test as a proportion of Infants PCR tested around 10 weeks
Percentage PCR tests positive within 6 days [%]
The percentage of PCR tests that are positive for HIV (in infants within 7 days of birth).
M at er na l and re pro du ct iv e h ea lth M at er na l H ea
lth Antenatal 1st visit before 20 weeks
rate [%] Women who have a booking visit (first visit) before they are 20 weeks (about half way) into their pregnancy as a proportion of all antenatal 1st visits Antenatal care coverage [%] Proportion of pregnant women receiving some antenatal care.
DHIS data source: Estimated from the number of first ANC visits divided by the population under 1 year x 1.15 (as a proxy for the number of pregnant women).
Births attended by skilled health
personnel [%] Percentage of women who gave birth in the 5 years preceding the survey who reported receiving medical assistance at delivery from either a doctor, a nurse or a midwife. Delivery by Caesarean section rate
(district hospitals) [%]
Caesarean section deliveries, expressed as the proportion of total deliveries in facility
Delivery by Caesarean section rate [%] Percentage of births that are by Caesarean section.
Delivery in facility – total [Number] Any delivery taking place in a health facility under the supervision of trained medical/nursing staff Delivery in facility rate [%] The proportion of deliveries taking place in health facilities under supervision of trained personnel. Delivery in facility under 18 years rate
[%]
The proportion of pregnant women under 18 years at delivery
Live birth in facility[Number] Live birth resulting from a delivery in a facility Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) [per
100 000 live births] The number of women who die as a result of childbearing, during the pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy in one year, per 100 000 live births during that year. Maternal mortality ratio in facility /
institutional (iMMR) [per 100 000 live births]
The number of women who die as a result of childbearing, during the pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery or termination of pregnancy in one year, per 100 000 live births during that year.
Mother postnatal visit within 6 days
rate [%] Mothers who receive postnatal care within 6 days of delivery after discharge from place of delivery as proportion of all deliveries in facility Number of maternal deaths [Number] The number of women who die as a result of childbearing, during the pregnancy or within 42 days of delivery or
termination of pregnancy in one year.
In the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, 1992 (ICD-10), WHO defines maternal death as: The death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
For countries using ICD-10 coding for registered deaths, all deaths coded to the maternal chapter (O codes) and A34 (maternal tetanus) were counted as maternal deaths. Note that the system of Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths (NCCEMD) only captures INSTITUTIONAL deaths, and thus is known to miss deaths occurring at home. The confidential enquiry system is ideally suited to identifying the most common causes of death and being able to rank the causes of