Notes to Part 3 Building Envelope
4.3.2. Installed Interior Lighting Energy
4.3.2.1. Determination of Installed Interior Lighting Energy
1) The installed interior lighting energy, IILE, in (W·h)/a, which is the total annual energy consumption of interior lighting in all spaces of the proposed building, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
i = counter for spaces,
N = total number of spaces in the proposed building, and
Ei,proposed = annual energy consumption of interior lighting in a space, in (W·h)/a, calculated in accordance with Sentence (2).
2) The annual energy consumption of interior lighting in a space, Ei,proposed, in (W·h)/a, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
pi = lighting power density in the space, in W/m2, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.2.,
ADL,i = daylighted area, in m2, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.3.,
ANDL,i = non-daylighted area, in m2, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.4.,
teff,day,DL,i = effective annual daytime operational time of daylighted area, in h/a, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.5.,
teff,day,NDL,i = effective annual daytime operational time of non-daylighted area, in h/a, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.5., and
teff,night,i = effective annual nighttime operational time, in h/a, determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.5.
4.3.2.2. Determination of Lighting Power Density
1) The lighting power density for a space, pi, in W/m2, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
Pi = lighting power in the space, in W, and Ai = gross interior floor area of that space, in m2. 4.3.2.3. Determination of Daylighted Area
1) Subject to the limitations stated in Sentence (2), the daylighted area of a space, ADL,i, in m2, shall be determined in accordance with Article 4.2.2.3. for sidelighting and Articles 4.2.2.4. (roof monitors) and 4.2.2.5. (skylights) for toplighting.
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Division B 4.3.2.6.
2) Where a space is illuminated by both sidelighting and toplighting, the daylighted area provided by only one of these daylight supplies shall be determined and used in the daylighting calculations in this Section. (See Note A-4.3.2.3.(2).)
4.3.2.4. Determination of Non-Daylighted Area
1) The non-daylighted area of a space, ANDL,i,, in m2, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
Ai = gross interior floor area of the space, in m2, and ADL,i = daylighted area of that space, in m2.
4.3.2.5. Determination of Effective Annual Operational Times
1) The effective annual daytime operational time of the daylighted area, teff,day,DL,i, in h/a, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
tday,i = annual operational time of the space during daytime, in h, determined
in accordance with Article 4.3.2.6.,
FDL,i = factor for daylight harvesting determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.7.,
Focc,i = factor for occupancy control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.,
and
Fpers,i = factor for personal control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.
2) The effective annual daytime operational time of the non-daylighted area, teff,day,NDL,i, in h/a, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
tday,i = annual operational time of the space during daytime, in h, determined
in accordance with Article 4.3.2.6.,
Focc,i = factor for occupancy control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.,
and
Fpers,i = factor for personal control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.
3) The effective annual nighttime operational time, teff,night,i,, in h/a, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
tnight,i = annual operational time of the space during nighttime, in h, determined
in accordance with Article 4.3.2.6.,
Focc,i = factor for occupancy control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.,
and
Fpers,i = factor for personal control determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.10.
4.3.2.6. Determination of Operational Times
1) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the annual operational time of each space during daytime, tday,i, shall be determined using Table 4.3.2.6.-A.
2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the annual operational time of each space during nighttime, tnight,i, shall be determined using Table 4.3.2.6.-B.
National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017 Division B 4-21
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4.3.2.6. Division B
3) If the building operates for more or less than the default 250 days per year, the data provided in Tables 4.3.2.6.-A and 4.3.2.6.-B shall be linearly adjusted using the following equation:
where
tadjusted = adjusted operational time to be used in the trade-off path, in h, tbase = base operational time provided in Table 4.3.2.6.-A or 4.3.2.6.-B, and
doperation = actual number of annual days of operation of the building, in days.
4-22 Division B National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017
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Division B 4.3.2.6.
Table4.3.2.6.-A NumberofOperationalHoursoftheBuildingDuringDaytime,tday,i,forVariousStartandEndTimes FormingPartofSentences4.3.2.6.(1)and(3) OperationEndTime 1a.m.2a.m.3a.m.4a.m.5a.m.6a.m.7a.m.8a.m.9a.m.10a.m.11a.m.12p.m.1p.m.2p.m.3p.m.4p.m.5p.m.6p.m.7p.m.8p.m.9p.m.10p.m.11p.m.12a.m.Opera- tionStart Timetday,i,inh/a 12a.m.00000351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 1a.m.-0000351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 2a.m.--000351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 3a.m.---00351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 4a.m.----0351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 5a.m.-----351553636138631,1131,3631,6131,8632,1132,3632,5802,7432,8792,9793,0143,0143,0143,014 6a.m.------1193275778271,0771,3271,5771,8272,0772,3272,5452,7082,8432,9442,9792,9792,9792,979 7a.m.-------2084587089581,2081,4581,7081,9582,2082,4252,5882,7242,8252,8602,8602,8602,860 8a.m.--------2505007501,0001,2501,5001,7502,0002,2172,3802,5162,6172,6522,6522,6522,652 9a.m.---------2505007501,0001,2501,5001,7501,9672,1302,2662,3672,4022,4022,4022,402 10a.m.----------2505007501,0001,2501,5001,7171,8802,0162,1172,1522,1522,1522,152 11a.m.-----------2505007501,0001,2501,4671,6301,7661,8671,9021,9021,9021,902 12p.m.------------2505007501,0001,2171,3801,5161,6171,6521,6521,6521,652 1p.m.-------------2505007509671,1301,2661,3671,4021,4021,4021,402 2p.m.--------------2505007178801,0161,1171,1521,1521,1521,152 3p.m.---------------250467630766867902902902902 4p.m.----------------217380516617652652652652 5p.m.-----------------163299400434434434434 6p.m.------------------136237271271271271 7p.m.-------------------101136136136136 8p.m.--------------------35353535 9p.m.---------------------000 10p.m.----------------------00 11p.m.-----------------------0
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4.3.2.6. Division B
Table4.3.2.6.-B NumberofOperationalHoursoftheBuildingDuringNighttime,tnight,i,forVariousStartandEndTimes FormingPartofSentences4.3.2.6.(2)and(3) OperationEndTime 1a.m.2a.m.3a.m.4a.m.5a.m.6a.m.7a.m.8a.m.9a.m.10a.m.11a.m.12p.m.1p.m.2p.m.3p.m.4p.m.5p.m.6p.m.7p.m.8p.m.9p.m.10p.m.11p.m.12a.m.Opera- tionStart Timetnight,i,inh/a 12a.m.2505007501,0001,2501,4651,5951,6371,6371,6371,6371,6371,6371,6371,6371,6371,6701,7571,8712,0212,2362,4862,7362,986 1a.m.-2505007501,0001,2151,3451,3871,3871,3871,3871,3871,3871,3871,3871,3871,4201,5071,6211,7711,9862,2362,4862,736 2a.m.--2505007509651,0951,1371,1371,1371,1371,1371,1371,1371,1371,1371,1701,2571,3711,5211,7361,9862,2362,486 3a.m.---2505007158458878878878878878878878878879201,0071,1211,2711,4861,7361,9862,236 4a.m.----2504655956376376376376376376376376376707578711,0211,2361,4861,7361,986 5a.m.-----2153453873873873873873873873873874205076217719861,2361,4861,736 6a.m.------1311731731731731731731731731732052924075567711,0211,2711,521 7a.m.-------424242424242424242751622764256408901,1401,390 8a.m.--------00000000331202343835988481,0981,348 9a.m.---------0000000331202343835988481,0981,348 10a.m.----------000000331202343835988481,0981,348 11a.m.-----------00000331202343835988481,0981,348 12p.m.------------0000331202343835988481,0981,348 1p.m.-------------000331202343835988481,0981,348 2p.m.--------------00331202343835988481,0981,348 3p.m.---------------0331202343835988481,0981,348 4p.m.----------------331202343835988481,0981,348 5p.m.-----------------872013505668161,0661,316 6p.m.------------------1142634797299791,229 7p.m.-------------------1493646148641,114 8p.m.--------------------215465715965 9p.m.---------------------250500750 10p.m.----------------------250500 11p.m.-----------------------250
4-24 Division B National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017
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Division B 4.3.2.7.
4.3.2.7. Determination of Factor for Daylight Harvesting
1) The factor for daylight harvesting, FDL,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
CDL,sup,i = daylight supply factor determined in accordance with Sentences (2) and (3),
CDL,ctrl,i = daylight system control factor determined in accordance with Sentence (4),
and
CEL,ctrl,i = daylight-dependent control factor for electric lighting determined in
accordance with Sentence (5).
2) For spaces where sidelighting is the primary daylight supply, the daylight supply factor, CDL,sup,i, shall be determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.8.
3) For spaces where toplighting is the primary daylight supply, the daylight supply factor, CDL,sup,i, shall be determined in accordance with Article 4.3.2.9.
4) The daylight system control factor, CDL,ctrl,i, shall be selected from Table 4.3.2.7.-A. (See Note A-4.3.2.7.(4).)
5) The daylight-dependent control factor for electric lighting, CEL,ctrl,i, shall be selected from Table 4.3.2.7.-B.
Table 4.3.2.7.-A
Daylight System Control Factor, CDL,ctrl,i
Forming Part of Sentences 4.3.1.3.(4), 4.3.2.7.(4) and 4.3.3.7.(4)
Daylight System Control CDL,ctrl,i(1)
Automatic 0.86
Manual 0.5
None 1
Notes to Table 4.3.2.7.-A:
(1) The daylight system control factor accounts for the effect of shading on daylight availability.
Table 4.3.2.7.-B
Daylight-Dependent Control Factor for Electric Lighting, CEL,ctrl,i(1) Forming Part of Sentences 4.3.1.3.(4), 4.3.2.7.(5) and 4.3.3.7.(5)
Daylight-Dependent Control System CEL,ctrl,i
Automatic dimming 1
Automatic bi-level switching (multi-level photocontrol with at least two
control levels) 0.99
Automatic switching (on/off) 0.82
Manual – enclosed office less than 25 m2 0.51
Manual – all other spaces 0.1
None 0
Notes to Table 4.3.2.7.-B:
(1) See Note A-Table 4.3.2.7.-B.
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4.3.2.8. Division B
4.3.2.8. Determination of the Daylight Supply Factor for Sidelighting 1) For spaces where sidelighting is the primary daylight supply, the daylight supply factor, CDL,sup,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
τeff,i = effective luminous transmittance of the fenestration providing sidelighting calculated in accordance with Sentence (2),
CDL,sup,raw,i = raw daylight supply factor for the rough opening (opening without
fenestration) calculated in accordance with Sentence (3), and
fobst,i = factor to account for horizontal obstructions calculated in accordance with
Sentence (4).
2) The effective luminous transmittance of the fenestration providing sidelighting, τeff,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
τD65,i = luminous transmittance of the glazing for standard illuminant D65,
k1,i = factor to account for framing defined as the ratio of glazed area to overall area of the opening including area of framing,
k2,i = factor to account for dirt accumulation (if unknown, value shall be set to 0.8), and
k3,i = factor to account for non-perpendicular light incidence (if unknown, value shall be set to 0.85).
3) The raw daylight supply factor for the rough opening, CDL,sup,raw,i, shall be determined using Table 4.3.2.8.
4) The factor to account for horizontal obstructions, fobst,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
γobst,i = angle from the centre of the fenestration to the top of the horizontal obstruction, in degrees.
Table 4.3.2.8.
Raw Daylight Supply Factors for Rough Opening in Primary Sidelighted Area, CDL,sup,raw,i
Forming Part of Sentence 4.3.2.8.(3)
Orientation of Fenestration Providing Sidelighting(2)
North East South West
Design Illuminance, in lx(1)
CDL,sup,raw,i(3)
300 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.73
500 0.59 0.62 0.66 0.64
750 0.50 0.55 0.60 0.57
1000 0.44 0.49 0.55 0.52
Notes to Table 4.3.2.8.:
(1) See Note A-Table 4.3.2.8.
(2) See Note A-4.3.2.3.(2).
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Division B 4.3.2.9.
Table 4.3.2.8. (Continued)
(3) For spaces requiring “Automatic Daylight Responsive Controls for Sidelighting” in primary and secondary sidelighted areas, as described in Sentence 4.2.2.1.(10), CDL,sup,raw,ishall be multiplied by 0.75 and the resulting reduced factor shall be applied to the sum of the primary and secondary sidelighted areas.
4.3.2.9. Determination of the Daylight Supply Factor for Toplighting
1) For spaces where toplighting is the primary daylight supply, the daylight supply factor, CDL,sup,i, shall be determined using Table 4.3.2.9.-A.
2) The mean daylight factor for toplighting, Di, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
τD65,i = luminous transmittance of the roof glazing for standard illuminant D65,
kskyl,1,i = factor to account for framing defined as the ratio of glazed area to overall area of the opening including area of framing (if unknown, value shall be set to 0.7),
kskyl,2,i = factor to account for dirt accumulation (if unknown, value shall be set to 0.9),
kskyl,3,i = factor to account for non-perpendicular light incidence (if unknown, value
shall be set to 0.85),
ARb,i = area of the openings providing toplighting (area of rough opening), in m2, ARG,i = area of the space, in m2, and
ηR,i = utilization factor determined using Table 4.3.2.9.-B.
3) The room cavity ratio, RCR, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
H = height of the space, in m, L = length of the space, in m, and W = width of the space, in m.
Table 4.3.2.9.-A
Daylight Supply Factors for Toplighting, CDL,sup,i
Forming Part of Sentence 4.3.2.9.(1)
Classification of the Daylighting Supply
Low (2% ≤ Di< 4%)(1) Medium (4% ≤ Di< 7%)(1) Good (Di≥ 7%)(1) Design Illuminance, in lx
CDL,sup,i
300 0.81 0.86 0.88
500 0.75 0.82 0.85
750 0.67 0.77 0.82
1 000 0.59 0.73 0.79
Notes to Table 4.3.2.9.-A:
(1) See Sentence (2) to calculate the mean daylight factor for toplighting, Di. For Di< 2%, CDL,sup,i= 0.
National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017 Division B 4-27
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4.3.2.10. Division B
Table 4.3.2.9.-B
Utilization Factor,ηR,i, as a Function of Room Cavity Ratio, RCR Forming Part of Sentence 4.3.2.9.(2)
RCR(1) Utilization Factor,(2)ηR,i
0 1.00
0.5 0.98
1 0.95
1.5 0.89
2 0.84
2.5 0.79
3 0.74
4 0.65
5 0.57
6 0.52
7 0.47
8 0.41
9 0.35
10 0.29
Notes to Table 4.3.2.9.-B:
(1) See Sentence (3) to calculate the room cavity ratio, RCR.
(2) The utilization factors are derived based on room reflectances of 70 pc (ceiling cavity)/50 pw (walls)/20 pf (floor cavity).
4.3.2.10. Determination of Factors for Occupancy Control and Personal Control 1) The factor for occupancy control, Focc,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
·
where
CA,i = factor to account for the relative absence of occupants in the space determined using Table 4.3.2.10.-A, and
Cocc,ctrl,i = factor to account for the occupancy-sensing mechanism determined using
Table 4.3.2.10.-B.
2) Except as provided in Sentence (3), the factor for personal control, Fpers,i, shall be calculated using the following equation:
where
Cpers,ctrl,i = factor to account for personal control determined using Table 4.3.2.10.-A.
3) Where the lighting design does not include personal controls, the factor for personal control, Fpers,i, shall be set to 1.
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Division B 4.3.2.10.
Table 4.3.2.10.-A
Factors for Relative Absence of Occupants and Personal Control According to Space Type Forming Part of Sentences 4.3.2.10.(1) and (2) and 4.3.3.10.(1)
Common Space Types
Factors
Space Types Relative Absence of
Occupants, CA,i Personal Control, Cpers,ctrl,i
Atrium
≤ to 12 m in height 0 0
> 12 m in height 0 0
Audience seating area – permanent
for auditorium 0.3 0
for convention centre 0.2 0
for gymnasium 0 0
for motion picture theatre 0 0
for penitentiary 0 0
for performing arts theatre 0 0
for religious building 0.3 0
for sports arena 0 0
other 0 0
Banking activity area and offices 0 0
Classroom/Lecture hall/Training room
for penitentiary 0.5 0
other 0.5 0
Computer/Server room 0.7 0
Conference/Meeting/Multi-purpose room 0.5 0
Confinement cell 0 0
Copy/Print room 0.2 0
Corridor/Transition area
for hospital 0 0
for manufacturing facility 0 0
for space designed to ANSI/IES RP-28 (used primarily by residents) 0 0
other 0 0
Courtroom 0.2 0
Dining area
for bar lounge/leisure dining 0 0
for cafeteria or fast-food dining 0 0
for family dining 0 0
for penitentiary 0 0
for space designed to ANSI/IES RP-28 (used primarily by residents) 0 0
other 0 0
Dressing/Fitting room for performing arts theatre 0.4 0
Electrical/Mechanical room 0.9 0
Emergency vehicle garage 0.5 0
Food preparation area 0 0
Guest room 0 0
Laboratory
for classroom 0.4 0.1
other 0 0
National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017 Division B 4-29
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4.3.2.10. Division B
Table 4.3.2.10.-A (Continued) Common Space Types
Factors
Space Types Relative Absence of
Occupants, CA,i Personal Control, Cpers,ctrl,i
Laundry/Washing area 0 0
Lobby
for elevator 0 0
for hotel 0 0
for motion picture theatre 0 0
for performing arts theatre 0 0
for space designed to ANSI/IES RP-28 (used primarily by residents) 0 0
other 0 0
Locker room 0.5 0
Lounge/Break room
for health care facility 0 0
other 0 0
Office
enclosed 0.3 0.1
open plan 0.2 0.1
Pharmacy area 0 0
Sales area 0 0
Seating area – general 0 0
Stairway 0 0
Stairwell 0 0
Storage garage – interior 0.4 0
Storage room 0.6 0
Vehicle maintenance area 0 0
Washroom
for space designed to ANSI/IES RP-28 (used primarily by residents) 0.5 0
other 0.5 0
Workshop 0 0
Building-Specific Space Types
Factors
Space Types Relative Absence of
Occupants, CA,i Personal Control, Cpers,ctrl,i
Convention centre – exhibit space 0 0
Dormitory – living quarters 0 0
Fire station – sleeping quarters 0 0
Gymnasium/Fitness centre
exercise area 0 0
playing area 0 0
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Division B 4.3.2.10.
Table 4.3.2.10.-A (Continued) Building-Specific Space Types
Factors
Space Types Relative Absence of
Occupants, CA,i Personal Control, Cpers,ctrl,i
Health care facility
exam/treatment room 0.3 0
imaging room 0 0
medical supply room 0.5 0
nursery 0 0
nurses' station 0 0
operating room 0.1 0
patient room 0.1 0.1
physical therapy room 0.2 0
recovery room 0 0
Library
reading area 0 0
stacks 0 0
Manufacturing facility
detailed manufacturing area 0 0
equipment room 0.2 0
extra high bay area (> 15 m floor-to-ceiling height) 0 0
high bay area (7.5 m to 15 m floor-to-ceiling height) 0 0
low bay area (< 7.5 m floor-to-ceiling height) 0 0
Museum
general exhibition area 0.2 0
restoration room 0.3 0
Post office – sorting area 0 0
Religious building
fellowship hall 0.3 0
worship/pulpit/choir area 0.1 0
Retail facility
dressing/fitting room 0.4 0
mall concourse 0 0
Space designed to ANSI/IES RP-28
chapel (used primarily by residents) 0.5 0
recreation room (used primarily by residents) 0.2 0
Sports arena – playing area
Class I facility(1) 0 0
Class II facility(1) 0 0
Class III facility(1) 0 0
Class IV facility(1) 0 0
Transportation facility
airport concourse 0 0
baggage/carousel area 0 0
terminal ticket counter 0 0
Warehouse – storage area
medium to bulky palletized items 0.5 0
small hand-carried items(1) 0.5 0
National Energy Code of Canada for Buildings 2017 Division B 4-31
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4.3.3.1. Division B
Table 4.3.2.10.-A (Continued) Notes to Table 4.3.2.10.-A:
(1) See Note A-Table 4.2.1.6.
Table 4.3.2.10.-B
Factor to Account for Occupancy-Sensing Mechanism, Cocc,ctrl,i Forming Part of Sentences 4.3.1.3.(4), 4.3.2.10.(1) and 4.3.3.10.(1)
Occupancy-Sensing Mechanism Cocc,ctrl,i
Automatic full off (full on) 0.67
Automatic full off (restricted to manual on or automatic partial on) 0.75
Automatic partial off (restricted to manual on) 0.34
Manual (on/off or bi-level) – enclosed office less than 25 m2 0.30
Manual – all other spaces 0.1
None 0