COMMUNICATION
INTERNET ADDRESS:
• A modem
• An internet browser software (Internet explorer)
Factors for high popularity of internet: • Communication facilities • Growth in business efficiency • Reduction in communication cost • E‐commerce
• Low cost
• Mode of advertisement • Knowledge and information Problems in Internet:
1. Security problem 2. Technological problem 3. Spamming problem Internet Service Provider [ISP]:
• Commercial internet service providers (ISPs) extend the facilities to have access to various internet applications and resources for both companies and individuals on payment based on usage.
• The ISP then transport the internet traffic across its own network to a router with the connection with the other network in the world.
INTERNET ADDRESS:
1.) IP Address:
• It is an unique for a particular machine on a particular network. • IP address consists of four sections for example 201.204.54.16. • IP address is provided by the ISP.
• It is globally unique.
• No two machines can have same IP address.
2.) Domain Name:
• Com‐commercial company
• Org‐organization (non‐profit making) • Edu‐educational institution
• Gov‐government organization
3.) URL (Uniform Resource Locator):
Protocol //server name. Domain name/ directory / filename
Internet Protocol ↓ TCP/IP HTTP FTP Telnet Gopher WAIS 1. TCP/IP :
• TCP/IP is the underlying protocol for routing packets on the internet and TCP/IP based network.
• TCP/IP has two major components i.e. TCP and IP.
Functions of TCP (Transmission Control Programme):
• Breaks the data into packets that the network can handle efficiently. • Verifies whether all packets have arrived their destination.
• Reassemble the data.
Functions of IP (Information Processing):
• Envelopes and address of data.
• Enables the network to read the envelop and forward the data to its destination. • Defines how much data can be fit in a single envelop (a packet).
2. HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol):
• Hypertext is a text that is specially coded using a standard coding system called Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML).
• These links can be through text or graphics.
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML):
• The some related text and graphics taken together to form a page.
• Pages created with the help of HTML was static in nature in the sense that no information from server could be incorporated in the pages.
3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
• FTP is used for transfer from one computer to another. • It works in client server technology. • A client makes request to have an access to information.
4. Telnet:
• It is protocol to connect one computer to another.
• The user which initiates the connection is referred as local computer and the other one which accepts the connection is referred as remote computer.
• The remote computer may be physically located in the next room, in the same town or anywhere in the world.
• Telnet also works in client‐server technology.
5. WAIS:
• It stands for Wide Area Information Service. It is basically an internet search tool which can search more than one database at a time thus making searching operation fast.
World Wide Web (WWW):
• The servers are inter‐connected like a web and network is world wide. • These servers are called web servers.
• Each distinct file in the web is called web page. • A set of related web pages is called web site. • The first page of website is called home page.
Www with HTTP provides the following services:
• creating links between users
• Incorporating references to picture, graphics etc. • communicating with other internet protocol. Web‐Site:
• A particular user of the internet facilities may develop a web page. • This Webpage contains information of the user.
• This webpage has a definite address which is called the website address of the user. • The other internet users can have access to the website through the address.
Home Page:
The first page of the website is called the Home Page. Web Browser:
Web Browser is software which helps the user to contact a web server. Functions of a Web Browser are:
• receiving the request from the user.
• sending the request the Web server for information. • receives the information from the Web server. • sending it the user.
• The browser is the interface between the user and the web server.
• Browser allows the users to have access to both text as well as graphical picture. Chatting on the web:
• Chat means allowing the users directly to communicate to each other. • Now the chat facilities have become very popular.
• By way of chatting, the people can interact with each other and exchange ideas and views.
Search Engine:
• When an user wants to locate a particular information, the task is done through a search engine.
• The web search engine on receiving request from an user, searches the relevant information from the database and submits the information for the user.
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• Registration on a search engine is free.
• Search engine is viewed by millions of people every day. • Search engine encourages viewers by providing free services.
• A great marketing idea has popularized the use of free internet service.
Managing Website:
• Modules should be designed according to the objective of the website.
• Web pages should be designed efficiently in terms of information set and cost. • Website should be updated with the change in information regularly.
• Proper authorization must be there for website management to avoid security problem.
On‐Line Information Service on Web:
1. Search: An user can search a particular information with the help of search engine. 2. Browser: Browsing means searching detailed information on a particular subject from
different websites.
3. Surfing: It is only browsing over different websites to have any information of his interest.
Electronic Mail:
It is possible to communicate worldwide over within few seconds.
Any document of file, personal or business related can be sent with messages as attachment.
What needed are: • One Computer • Internet Connection
• User’s name and e‐mail address
MAILBOX: Mailbox is used in e‐mail to store incoming message. The receiver is not necessarily be present when the e‐mail is delivered to him. This entire message will be stored in the mailbox.
MAIL SERVER: Mail server basically sends a mail to the e‐mail address of the receiver. It does the following:
• It maintains list of e‐mail account. • It allows composing message.
• It sends the message when send button is clicked.
• It arranges the message of the receiver in the order they are received.