} } Output 100 + 50 = 150 100 - 50 = 50 100 * 50 = 5000 100 / 50 = 2 100 % 60 = 40
bl Program esa geus main() Method esa lcls igys ,d Integer izdkj dk fuEukuqkj
Variable Create fd;k gS%
int firstValue = 100;
;s Statement Memory esa Integer izdkj ds eku dks Store djus ds fy, pkj Bytes dh
Space Reserve djrk gS] vkSj ml Space dk uke firstValue j[k nsrk gSA lkFk gh
Variable ds fy, Memory Reserve djrs le; ;kuh Variable Create djrs le; gh ml
Variable esa eku 100 iznku dj fn;k x;k gSA tc fdlh Variable dks Create djrs le; gh
mls eku iznku dj fn;k tkrk gS rks bl izfØ;k dks Value Initialization dgk tkrk gSA
fuEukuqlkj nwljs Statement esa geus ,d vkSj Variable Create fd;k gS] ysfdu bls Value Initialize ugha fd;k gSA
int secondValue;
bu nksuksa Statements esa geus ,d le; esa dsoy ,d gh Variable Create fd;k gS tcfd rhljs Statement esa geus ,d lkFk Integer izdkj ds ikap Variables Create fd, gSaA tc gesa ,d gh Data Type ds dbZ Variables Create djus gksrs gSa] rc ge bl rjhds ls Variables
dk Declaration dj ldrs gSaA Bhd mlh rjg ls ftl rjg ls geus bl Program esa fuEukuqlkj Statement }kjk ,d gh le; esa Integer izdkj ds ikap Variables Create fd, gSa&
int addResult, subResult, mulResult, divResult, remResult;
main() Method ds pkSFks Statement esa geus secondValue Variable dks fuEukuqlkj
Statement }kjk eku iznku fd;k gS&
secondValue = 50;
tc fdlh Variable dks Declare djrs le; eku iznku uk djds ckn esa eku iznku fd;k tkrk gS] rks eku iznku djus ds fy, Equal To Operator dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA bl Operator
dks Assignment Operator Hkh dgrs gSa] blfy, bl izdkj ls eku iznku fd, tkus ds rjhds dks
Variable Assignment ;k eku Assign djuk dgrs gSaA geus gekjs Program esa fuEukuqlkj pkj Statement }kjk ikap izdkj dh izfØ;k,a dh gSa tks firstValue o secondValue Variables ds ekuksa ds vk/kkj ij fofHkUu Arithmetical Operators ds iz;ksx }kjk Result Generate djrs gSa%
Java in Hindi
subResult = firstValue - secondValue; mulResult = firstValue * secondValue; divResult = firstValue / secondValue;
nksuksa Variables ds ekuksa dk ;ksx gks dj addResult uke ds Variable esa ifj.kke Store gks tkrk gSA blh rjg ls firstValue Variable esa eku esa ls secondValue Variable dk eku ?kVkus ds ckn tks ifj.kke izkIr gksrk gS] og ifj.kke subResult uke ds Variable esa Store gks tkrk gSA rhljk Statement nksuksa Variables ds ekuksa dk xq.kk djrk gS vkSj ifj.kke dks
mulResult uke ds Variable esa Store dj nsrk gSA
pkSFks Statement esa firstValue Variable ds eku esa secondValue Variable ds eku dk Hkkx fn;k tkrk gS vkSj ifj.kke ds :i esa tks eku izkIr gksrk gS] mls divResult uke ds Variable esa
Store dj fn;k tkrk gSA vc bu pkjksa ekuksa dks Output esa fuEukuqlkj Statutes }kjk Print
dj fn;k tkrk gSA
System.out.println(firstValue + "+" +secondValue+ "="+addResult); System.out.println(firstValue + "-" +secondValue+ "="+subResult); System.out.println(firstValue + "*" +secondValue+ "="+mulResult); System.out.println(firstValue + "/" +secondValue+ "="+divResult);
bu Statements esa println() Method dks vyx rjhds ls Use fd;k x;k gSA tc gesa ,d gh
Line esa Numerical o Non-Numerical nksuksa rjg ds ekuksa dks Screen ij Print djuk gksrk gS] rc ge + Operator dk iz;ksx dj ldrs gSa] tSlkfd bu Statements esa fd;k x;k gSA pwafd
Variables ds eku os uke gSa ftUgsa Compiler Directly igpkurk gS] blfy, bu ukeksa dks
Double Quote esa cUn djus dh t:jr ugh gSA
tcfd fofHkUu izdkj ds Operators ds fpUgksa dks ge String ds :i esa Output esa Print djuk pkgrs gSa] blfy, bUgsa Double Quote esa cUn fd;k x;k gSA String o Variables esa Stored
eku dks ,d lkFk ,d gh println() Method ls Print fd;k tk lds] blds fy, t:jh gS fd
buds chp + Operator dk iz;ksx mlh rjg ls fd;k tk,] ftl rjg ls mijksDr pkjksa
Statements esa fd;k x;k gSA
pwafd geus bl Program esa ftrus Hkh Variables Create fd, gSa] mu lHkh ds ekuksa dks
Program esa dgha Hkh Change fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;s n”kkZus ds fy, geus fuEukuqlkj
Statement }kjk secondValue Variable ds eku dks Change fd;k gS&
secondValue = 60;
vxys Statement esa geus firstValue ls secondValue dk Reminder fudkyus ds fy, fuEukuqlkj Statement dk iz;ksx fd;k gS&
remResult = firstValue % secondValue;
main() Method ds vfUre Statement esa remResult Variable ds eku dks Output esa Print
fd;k x;k gS] tks fd Output esa 40 Print djrk gSA ;fn ge secondValue Variable dk eku
60 Assign uk djrs] rks bl Statement }kjk izkIr gksus okyk ifj.kke 0 gksrkA D;ksafd
firstValue ds eku 100 esa secondValue ds eku 50 dk Hkkx iwjk&iwjk pyk tkrk vkSj
Java in Hindi
blfy, geusa secondValue Variable dk eku Change djds 60 dj fn;kA blfy, gesa
Output esa 40 izkIr gksrk gSA D;ksafd 100 esa 60 dk iwjk&iwjk Hkkx dsoy ,d gh ckj tkrk gS vkSj “ks’kQy 40 cprk gSA
blh Program dks ;fn gesa ,d Applet }kjk Solve djuk gks] rks Applet ds fy, gesa fuEukuqlkj Coding djuh iMsxh%
Name of File = AllArithmeticApplet.java
import java.awt.*;
import java.applet.*;
publicclass AllArithmeticApplet extends Applet {
int firstValue, secondValue;
int addResult, subResult, mulResult, divResult, remResult;
publicvoid init() {
firstValue = 100; secondValue = 50;
addResult = firstValue + secondValue; subResult = firstValue - secondValue; mulResult = firstValue * secondValue; divResult = firstValue / secondValue; }
publicvoid paint(Graphics g) {
g.drawString(firstValue+"+"+secondValue + " = " + addResult, 10, 20); g.drawString(firstValue+"-"+secondValue + " = " + subResult, 10, 40); g.drawString(firstValue+"*"+secondValue + " = " + mulResult, 10, 60); g.drawString(firstValue+"/"+secondValue + " = " + divResult, 10, 80); secondValue = 60;
remResult = firstValue % secondValue;
g.drawString(firstValue+"%"+secondValue+ " = " + remResult, 10, 100); }
}
Java in Hindi
Example
,d ,slk Program cukvks ftlesa ,d lky esa lw;Z dh jks”kuh }kjk r; dh tkus okyh dqy nwjh
Miles esa Output esa izkIr gksA
pwafd lw;Z ds izdk”k dh xfr ,d Second esa 186000 gksrh gS] blfy, lw;Z ds izdk”k }kjk ,d lky esa r; dh tkus okyh xfr dk Formula fuEukuqlkj gksxk%
Total Length = 186000 * 365 * 24 * 60 * 60
Program
class LightDistance {
publicstaticvoid main( String args []) {
int lightSpeed;
long days;
long seconds;
long distance;
//Approximate speed of light in miles per second
lightSpeed = 186000; days = 365;
seconds = days * 24 * 60 * 60; //Convert to Seconds
distance = lightSpeed * seconds; //Total Distance
System.out.print("In " + days );
System.out.print(" days light will travel about "); System.out.println(distance + " miles");
} }
Output
In 365 days light will travel about 5865696000000 miles
bl Program esa geus System Class ds out Object ds fy, ,d u, Method print() dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;s method Bhd mlh izdkj ls dke djrk gS] ftl izdkj ls println() Method
Java in Hindi
gS tcfd ;s Method New Line Provide ugha djrk gSA blhfy, geus rhu ckj System.out
Object ds fy, Method dks Call fd;k gS] ysfdu ifj.kke gesa ,d gh Line esa izkIr gks jgk gSA bl Program esa geus long Data Type dk Variable Declare fd;k gSA geus ,slk blfy, fd;k gS D;ksafd 365 Days esa izdk”k ftruh nwjh r; djrk gS] og nwjh int izdkj ds Variable esa
Store ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA D;ksafd ;s nwjh int izdkj ds Data Type ds Variable dh
Range ls T;knk gSA int izdkj dk Variable brus cMs eku dks Store ugha dj ldrk gSA blh rjg ls ge fofHkUu izdkj dh t:jrksa ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj ds Data Type ds Variables Declare dj ldrs gSa vkSj mUgsa Use dj ldrs gSaA
Variable Scope
tc ge tkok esa dksbZ Program fy[ks gSa rc ge Program esa fdlh Hkh LFkku ij dksbZ Variable Declare ugha dj ldrs gSaA lcls igys gesa ;s r; djuk gksrk gS fd gesa fdlh Variable dh
t:jr dgka ij gSA ;s r; djuk blfy, t:jh gksrk gS D;ksafd gj Variable dk ,d Scope
gksrk gS] tks ;s r; djrk gS fd fdlh Variable dks Program esa dc rd o dgka ls dgka rd
Access fd;k tk ldrk gSA
tkok esa fdlh Variable ds Scope dks mlds Block ls Identify fd;k tkrk gSA tks Variable
ftl Block esa Declare fd;k tkrk gS] og Variable mlh Block rd mi;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSA ml Block ls ckgj Variable dks Use ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ftl Variable dks tgka ij
Declare fd;k tkrk gS] og Variable ogha ls Block ds vUr rd Visible jgrk gSA Variable
uk rks Create ;k Declare gksus ls igys Visible jgrk gS vkSj uk gh Program Control ds
Block ls ckgj fudyus ds ckn Visible jgrk gSA tSls gh Program Control fdlh Block ls
ckgj fudyrk gS] ml Block ds lHkh Variables Destroy gks tkrs gSaA bl izfØ;k dks
Programming esa Variable dk “Out Of Scope” gksuk dgrs gSaA
Code Block
Program Codes ds Statements dk og lewg ftls ,d Opening o Closing Curly Braces ( { } ) ds chp fy[kk tkrk gS] Statement Block ;k Code Block dgykrk gS vkSj lkekU;r;k bls dsoy Block dgrs gSaA Blocks dk iz;ksx lkekU;r;k Functions, Class, Loops vkfn esa fd;k tkrk gS] ftuds ckjs esa ge vkxs lh[ksaxsA
Type Casting
tkok dk Compiler bl fu;e ij dke djrk gS fd rHkh nks Operands ds chp fdlh izdkj dh
Calculation gks ldrh gS] tc nksuksa Operands leku Data Type ds gksaA fofHkUu izdkj ds
Binary Operators nks Operands ij izfØ;k djrs gSa vkSj ifj.kke Generate djrs gSaA ;fn
Binary Operator ds nksuksa vksj leku Data Type ds Variables uk gksa] rks Compiler Lo;a gh
Lower Data Type ds Variable ds eku dks nwljs Operand ds vuqlkj Higher Data Type ds eku esa Convert djrk gSA bl rjg dh Type Casting dks Automatic Type Casting dgrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds fy, fiNys Program ds fuEu Statement dks nsf[k,&
Java in Hindi
ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd lightSpeed Variable Integer izdkj dk Variable gS tcfd seconds
long izdkj dk Variable gSA ;gka Integer izdkj ds Variable ds eku dk xq.kk long izdkj ds
Variable ds eku ls gks jgk gS vkSj ifj.kke long izdkj ds Variable distance dks Assign gks jgk gSA bls Automatic Type Casting dgrs gSa] D;ksafd blesa Compiler Lo;a gh Integer
izdkj ds Variable lightSpeed ds eku dks long izdkj ds eku esa Convert djus ds ckn nwljs
long izdkj ds Variable seconds ds eku ls xq.kk djrk gS vkSj ifj.kke dks long izdkj ds
Variable esa Store djrk gSA
;fn distance tks fd long izdkj dk Variable gS] float izdkj dk gksrk] rks Calculation ls izkIr gksus okyk ifj.kke float izdkj dk Return gksrk vkSj distance esa Float izdkj dk eku
Store gksrk vkSj ;fn distance double izdkj dk Variable gksrk rks izkIr Resultant eku
double izdkj esa Store gksrkA
pwafd bl Statement esa Integer ls long esa ;kuh Lower Data Type ds eku dks Higher Data Type ds eku esa Convert djuk gS] blfy, ;s dke Compiler Automatically dj ysrk
gSA ysfdu tc fdlh Higher Data Type ds eku dks Lower Data Type ds eku esa Convert
djds Calculation djokuh gksrh gS] rc ge Automatic Type Casting dk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrs gSA
,slk djus ij ifj.kke xyr izkIr gksrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa gesa Manual Type Casting djuh iMrh gSA ;fn ge pkgsa fd blh Statement esa lightSpeed dk eku Long Data Type esa
Convert gksus ds ctk;] seconds dk eku Integer izdkj esa Convert gks vkSj mlds ckn nksuksa
Variables ds ekuksa dk xq.kk gks] rks gesa blh Statement dks fuEukuqlkj fy[kuk iMsxk&
distance = lightSpeed * (int) seconds; //Total Distance
ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd seconds Variable ds igys ,d dks’Bd esa geus int Keyword dk iz;ksx fd;k gSA ;s Keyword seconds ds eku dks Integer izdkj ds eku esa Convert dj nsrk gSA pwafd dks’Bd dh Priority lHkh Operators o fofHkUu Language Symbols ls T;knk gksrh gS]
blfy, lcls igys seconds dk eku long ls int esa Convert gksrk gSA mlds ckn
lightSpeed o seconds ds ekuksa dk xq.kk gksrk gS] ftldk ifj.kke gesa Integer izdkj ds eku ds :i esa izkIr gksrk gSA ;s eku distance uke ds Variable esa Store gks tkrk gSA tgka rd gks lds gesa Higher Type ls Lower Type esa Data ds eku dks Convert ugha djuk pkfg,A ,slk djus ij Data dk Loss gks tkrk gSA
tSls ;fn ge fdlh Integer izdkj ds eku 1234 dks char izdkj ds ;k byte izdkj ds eku esa
Convert djsaxs] rks Data dk Loss gks tk,xkA D;ksafd byte izdkj dk Variable vf/kdre 256
rd dk eku gh Store dj ldrk gSA ;fn blls vf/kd eku dks bl izdkj ds Variable esa
Store fd;k tkrk gS] rks izkIr gksus okyk ifj.kke viw.kZ ;k xyr gks tkrk gSA pfy,] Manual Type Casting dks le>us ds fy, ,d Example Program ns[krs gSaA
Program
publicclass ManualTypeCasting {
publicstaticvoid main(String args[]) {
Java in Hindi
int i = 257;
double d = 345.678;
System.out.println("\n Conversion of int to byte. "); b = (byte) i;
System.out.println("i and b " + i + " " + b);
System.out.println("\n Conversion of double to int. "); i = (int) d;
System.out.println("d and i " + d + " " + i);
System.out.println("\n Conversion of double to byte. "); b = (byte) d;
System.out.println("d and b " + d + " " + b); }
}
Output
Conversion of int to byte. i and b 257 1
Conversion of double to int. d and i 345.678 345
Conversion of double to byte. d and b 345.678 89
tc Integer izdkj ds eku 257 dks byte izdkj esa Convert fd;k tkrk gS] rc gesa byte izdkj ds Variable dk eku 1 izkIr gksrk gSA ,slk blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd Byte izdkj ds Variable esa dsoy 256 rd dk gh eku Store gks ldrk gS vkSj 256 rd dk eku Store djus ds fy, dsoy 8-Bits dh t:jr gksrh gSA tcfd 257 eku dks Store djus ds fy, gesa de ls de 9- Bits dh t:jr gksrh gS vkSj 257 dh Binary 100000001 gksrh gSA vc pwafd Byte izdkj ds
Variable esa dsoy 8 Bits gh Store gks ldrs gSa] blfy, Byte izdkj ds Variable esa
00000001 Bits gh Stored gks ikrs gSa 9 osa LFkku dk Bit Lost gks tkrk gSA bl fLFkfr esa ;s
Bits eku 1 dks Represent djrs gSaA
tc double izdkj ds eku dks int izdkj ds eku esa Convert fd;k tkrk gS] rc pwafd int izdkj dk Variable nleyo ds ckn ds eku dks Store ugha dj ldrk gS] blfy, tc double izdkj ds eku dks int izdkj esa Convert fd;k tkrk gS] rc double izdkj ds eku 345.678 ds nleyo okys Hkkx dks Compiler }kjk NksM fn;k tkrk gS vkSj int izdkj ds Variable esa dsoy
345 gh Store gks ikrk gSA
tc double izdkj ds eku dks byte izdkj ds Variable esa Store djus ds fy, Convert fd;k tkrk gS] rc double izdkj ds Variable ds nleyo okyk fgLlk Compiler }kjk NksM fn;k tkrk gSA fQj pwafd byte izdkj dk Variable dsoy 256 rd ds eku dks gh Store dj ldrk gS] blfy, double izdkj ds eku 345 esa ls 256 Less gks tkrk gS vkSj 89 cprk gSA ;s 89
Java in Hindi
tkok Type Checking ds ekeys esa cgqr gh Strict gSA ge fdlh byte izdkj ds Variable esa int
izdkj ds eku dks Store djuk pkgrs gSa] rks tkok gesa ,slk ugha djus nsrk gSA ;fn gesa byte
izdkj ds Variable es int izdkj ds Variable dk eku Assign djuk gks] rks gesa int izdkj ds
Variable dh Type Casting djuh gh iMrh gSA tSls%
int i; byte b; b = (int) i;
Arrays
;s ,d Secondary Data Type gSA tc gesa Computer esa dsoy ,d eku dks Store djuk
gksrk gS] rc ge ml eku ds Data Type ds vuqlkj ,d Variable Create dj ysrs gSaA ysfdu tc gesa ,d gh izdkj Data Type ds ,d ls vf/kd ekuksa dks ,d gh Variable ds :i esa
Computer esa Store o Manage djuk gksrk gS] rc ge Array dk iz;ksx djrs gSaA
mnkgj.k ds fy, ekuyks fd gesa dsoy ,d Student dk Roll Number Computer esa Store
djuk gS] rks ge fuEukuqlkj ,d Variable Declare dj ldrs gSa&
int rollNumber;
ysfdu ;fn gesa 100 Students ds Roll Number dks Computer esa Store djuk gks vkSj ge blh lkekU; rjhds dk iz;ksx djsa] rks gesa fuEukuqlkj 100 Variables Create djus gksaxs&
int rollNumber1; int rollNumber2; int rollNumber3; int rollNumber4; int rollNumber5; . . . . . . int rollNumber99; int rollNumber100;
Array ,d ,slh O;oLFkk gS tks blh dke dks ,d gh Statement }kjk dj nsrk gSA blds fy, gesa Bracket Symbol ( [ ] ) dk fuEukuqlkj iz;ksx djuk gksrk gS&
int rollNumber[];
ge bl Bracket Symbol dks Variable ds uke ds igys Hkh fy[k ldrs gSaA ;kuh
int []rollNumber;
;fn gesa nks Array Create djus gksa vkSj ge Bracket Symbol dks Variable ds uke ds ckn esa fy[ksaa] rks gesa Array dk Declaration fuEukuqlkj djuk gksxk&