JOINT, INTERAGENCY, INTERGOVERNMENTAL, MULTINATIONAL

3-6. Successfully conducting a counterinsurgency requires a host of organizations. Brigade, battalion, and company commanders must integrate and synchronize their operations directly with the activities and operations of other military forces and nonmilitary organizations in their area of operations.

T

3-7. Leaders must understand the terminology between joint, interagency, intergovernmental, and multinational operations.

Joint

3-8. Between military services (Army, Navy, USAF, and USMC). Interagency

3-9. Between other government agencies, for example, Department of State, Central Intelligence Agency, Federal Bureau of Investigation, National Security Agency, USAID.

Intergovernmental

3-10. Between international government organizations, for example, United Nations, European Union, NATO, African Union.

Multinational

3-11. Between foreign government organizations, for example, Great Britain, Saudi Arabia, Poland.

C

R

3-12. When working with interagency, intergovernmental, nongovernmental and multinational groups, Army commanders have inherent responsibilities that include clarifying the military’s mission; determining controlling legal and policy authorities; and sustaining and caring for these organizations and individuals. Information sharing between the elements is essential to establish ground truth. Not all agencies may agree on the nature or scope of support required or on the operation’s progress.

3-13. Gaining and maintaining popular support presents a formidable challenge that the military cannot accomplish alone. Achieving these aims requires synchronizing the efforts of many nonmilitary and HN agencies in a coordinated approach. Coordination at the lowest level is essential for unity of effort. Likely participants in COIN operations include the following:

• US military forces.

• Multinational (including HN) military forces. • US governmental organizations.

• Intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). • Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs). • Multinational corporations and contractors. • Indigenous population and institutions (IPI).

USM

F

3-14. The military’s contribution is vital for COIN efforts. Demanding and complex, COIN draws heavily on a broad range of the force’s capabilities and requires a different mix of offensive, defensive, and stability operations from that expected in major combat operations. Air, land, and maritime components all contribute to successful operations and to the vital effort to separate insurgents from the people. The Army and Marine Corps usually furnish the principal US military contributions to COIN forces.

3-15. The most important military assets in COIN are disciplined Soldiers and Marines with adaptive, self-aware, and intelligent leaders. Tactical units may have specially trained or attached personnel who bring certain capabilities such as—

• Civil affairs. • PSYOP. • Language specialists. • Human intelligence. • Logistic support. • Contractors. • Medical units. • Military police. • Engineers. • Legal affairs.

M

M

F

3-16. Soldiers and Marines may function as part of a multinational force. In COIN operations, US forces usually operate with the Host Nation security forces. Each multinational participant provides capabilities and strengths that US forces may not have. Other countries’ military forces bring different cultural backgrounds, historical experiences, languages and other capabilities that can be particularly valuable to COIN efforts.

USG

O

3-17. Commanders’ situational awareness includes being familiar with other US governmental organizations participating in the COIN effort and their capabilities. Commanders and leaders of other US governmental organizations should collaboratively plan and coordinate actions to avoid duplication or conflicting purposes. Within the US Government, key organizations that tactical units may work with are shown in Table 3-1.

Table 3-1. US governmental organizations.

Department of State

Office of the Coordinator for Stabilization and Reconstruction US Agency for International Development (USAID)

Central Intelligence Agency Department of Justice

• Drug Enforcement Administration • Federal Bureau of Investigation

Department of the Treasury Department of Homeland Security

• US Coast Guard

• Immigration Customs Enforcement

Department of Agriculture

I

O

3-18. An intergovernmental organization is an organization created by a formal agreement, for example, a treaty, between two or more governments. It may be established on a global, regional, or functional basis for wide-ranging or narrowly defined purposes. IGOs are formed to protect and promote national interests shared by member states (JP 1-02). The most notable IGO is the United Nations. Depending on the situation and HN needs, tactical units can expect to encounter any number of UN organizations in their AOs, such as the following:

• Department of Peacekeeping Operations. • World Food Program.

• UN Refugee Agency (the UN High Commissioner for Refugees). • UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.

N

O

3-19. Joint doctrine defines a nongovernmental organization as a private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering; or promoting education, health care, economic

development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society. (JP 1-02). There are several thousand NGOs of many different types. NGO activities are governed by their organizing charters and their members’ motivations. Typical NGOs that tactical units may encounter include—

• Médecins sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders). • Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE). • Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (OXFAM).

• Save the Children.

I

3-20. IPI is the civilian construct of an area of operations to include its population, governmental, tribal, commercial, and private organizations and entities. The population includes legal citizens, legal and illegal immigrants, and all categories of dislocated civilians. As stated earlier, this is the most important group for counterinsurgent units to protect, engage, and synchronize actions.

M

C

C

3-21. Multinational corporations often engage in reconstruction, economic development, security and governance activities. At a minimum, commanders should know which companies are present in their AO and where those companies are conducting business. Such information can prevent fratricide and destruction of private property.