1a 1 to intensify the adjective 2 very, really
3 used only with ungradable adjectives 1b 1
2 very/vitally important or absolutely essential 3 absolutely unique (ungradable)
4
5 very/extremely rich (gradable) 6 absolutely furious (ungradable) 7 utterly/entirely opposed (more formal) 2 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 C 8 B 9 C 10 B
11 A 12 B 13 C
3a 1 absolutely/completely/pretty furious 2 pretty/quite/fairly cheap 3 virtually empty 4 rather/really pleased 5 fairly/quite/pretty similar 6 almost/virtually identical
7 quite/slightly/somewhat unusual 8 totally unique
Writing 1 p.78
1b 1 It’s been a sacred site for them for over 20,000 years.
2 Benefits: provides work, educates visitors
Problems: vandalism, litter, water pollution, destruction of wild plants
3 Discourage the current type, encourage respectful tourism 4 To increase visitor numbers.
5 More control for local people in tourism and no climbing.
2a Notes that could form basis of sample answer:
Paragraph 1
saw your recent editorial … writing to say that I cannot agree with your criticisms of the Anangu policy … important site
Uluru is a sacred site for the A, who have been there for thousands of years.
Paragraph 2
Tourism is important, but needs to be managed so that these sacred sites are respected
Paragraph 3
Are environmental damages from tourism.
Some success … implement measures to reduce littering and vandalism Paragraph 4
If government wants to increase tourism to Uluru, they must do this together with A; A are trying to do this by encouraging greater understanding … through Culture Centre.
In my opinion, A should have greater control over tour promotion so they get a fairer share of profits. At the moment, only get 24%.
3 Suggested answer
I saw your recent editorial about the Uluru National Park and I am writing to say I cannot agree with your criticisms of the Anangu policy of restricting tourism. Uluru is a sacred site for the Anangu, who have been there for over 20,000 years, and while 400,000 tourists a year may not be huge numbers in national terms, it is still a lot.
I agree that tourism is important to the Anangu, but it needs to be managed so that its sacred sites are respected. For example, the Anangu themselves never climb the rock,
and in my view, tourists should be prevented from doing so out of respect for the Anangu’s traditions.
Also, we all need to be concerned about environmental damage that tourism causes.
Despite some success in reducing vandalism and litter, it is otherwise getting worse, and I personally believe it was right to remove the airstrip and I support attempts to remove the car park.
I also think the Anangu should have a much greater role in how the site is promoted and in tour organisation. At the moment, most Anangu are only able to get low-paid, seasonal employment, and the profits from tourism go to outsiders. However, they are trying, through the Culture Centre, to encourage a greater understanding of all aspects of their culture, not just the rock.
If the Government wants to increase tourism to Uluru, which seems to be its aim, it must do so together with the Anangu and implement measures to reduce
environmental damage.
(254 words)
Module 5B
Listening 2 p.79
2 1 isolated 2 coast 3 protection 4 potatoes;
birds 5 competition 6 transport 7 population 8 caves
3 1 The talk is divided up into clear sections containing one main idea, with one question per section being the norm. Signals that help students to identify when the information they need is going to come up include sentences that introduce the sections, and parallel phrases to those in the questions.
Question 1 Introduction describing Easter Island: this tiny Pacific island
Question 2 The focus of social life were the stone platforms called ahu … , these platforms were constructed …
Question 3 the fact that they all face inwards …
Question 4 At first, the islanders had no problems finding food …
Question 5 Because of easy access to stone, the statues were always at least five metres high, but …
Question 6 The amazing thing is how these huge statues got from the quarry where they were carved to the stone platforms …
Question 7 By this date, many of the trees …
Question 8 the absence of trees also led to soil erosion, so that plant and animal species became extinct, … When the first Europeans arrived in 1722 …
2 The words were mainly nouns. This is a sub-answer of Q3
Speaking p.80
1a/b Photo A: Waste disposal/recycling bio-degradable materials
dispose of / dump (waste/rubbish) incinerate/recycle waste
use up/run out of/conserve resources Photo B: Air pollution
contaminate water supplies destroy the ozone layer
give off/emit carbon dioxide/toxic fumes pollute the atmosphere
trigger allergies
Photo C: Climate change build-up of greenhouse gases global warming
lead to/run the risk of famine/drought/flooding Photo D: Species loss/deforestation bio-diversity
deforestation extinction
loss of natural habitat
wipe out/kill off (animals/fish/birds) Photo E: Genetically modified crops become pest/disease resistant
DNA technology
genetically modified crops health hazards
improve flavour/nutrition spray crops (with pesticides)
1c 1 E 1 recycled 2 bio-degradable 3 conserve 4 resources 2 A 5 give off 6 pollute
3 D 7 build-up 8 global warming 9/10 famine/flooding
4 B 11 genetically modified 12 pesticides 13 health hazards
5 C 14 Deforestation 15 habitat loss/loss of habitat 16 extinction 2b 1 Talk about relative importance of problems
2 Decide which is most urgent to address 2c air pollution
2d They cover both aspects of the task. Student 2 is better at turn-taking, responding to what student 1 says and asking questions. Student 1 tends to dominate, cuts student 1 off and does not invite responses from her.
3a 1 the more 2 and more 3 anywhere near 4 hotter and hotter 5 pretty much 6 nearly 7 by far the most