7.1. Gunung Halu
Social and economic
As can be seen from the project in Gulung Halu local management and employment for operation and maintenance is vital for the local community. Jobs are created and responsibility is taken by the people directly concerned. The management as well as operating staff is democratically elected in the village. Furthermore, this raises acceptance of the project. The electricity supply to community assets as town houses and mushollas increase social community activity and therefore gives benefits to the people. Also the time saved by automatisation of work adds to the social well being, not to forget the access to communication, information and entertainment through radio and television.
Technical
Regional production of spare parts facilitates a quick exchange and repair in case of a breakdown, therefore, standing times are minimized. Technical training of locals on the site regarding operation and repair facilitates the prevention of any unnecessary time gaps in case of a breakdown. For the safeguard of continuous power supply and the prevention of breakdowns, a flooding protection for the power house would be important. Moreover, an easier regulatable gate for the channel to simplify the regulation of water coming to the turbine in times of varying water levels could improve the reliability of the system.
Environmental
From the environmental point of view, a fish bypass should be built in order to minimize the environmental impact. Otherwise the project was well integrated into the environment with a perfectly chosen technology.
7.2. Nusa Penida
Social and economic
Nusa Penida is not the typical rural electrification project. An emphasis was laid on electricity generation by means of renewable energies as substitute for existing diesel generation. The electricity is utilized on the one hand for the extension of rural electrification and on the other hand to facilitate tourism on the island of Nusa Lembongan.
Despite the character of the project, the essence is the same as in every other rural community project. Success of the project can be regarded as limited due to various factors including technological, economic and social spheres.
The management, which is not carried out locally, but rather located remote from the facility does not have the capability to manage the facility properly. Presence and accessability is a crucial factor in management. From the social aspect, acceptance of the project by the local population can be fundamental for the success of the project. In this respect, integration of the community plays a crucial role. This integration is widely missing in Nusa Penida. People regard the project as substitutable means to an end. There is barely any involvement of the local community in the project. Furthermore, the emotional attachment is low as the generation by wind can still always be substituted by diesel generation, which the people had been using before. Finally, the purpose of the project leaves the local community with mixed feelings, due to the main beneficiary being the tourism industry on Nusa Lembongan. Capacity for the local community has barely been increased. The bear share of the benefit stays with the investors profiting from the tourism resorts on Nusa Lembongan.
Integration of the local community is absolutely crucial for the success of the project. It raises acceptance and support. Integration can be achieved by various means and in various scopes. Public participation in this regard is a key word. This can include mere information about the project over consultation of the local community to their active integration in the planning process leading to co-determination. Integration also encompasses the use of local workforce for operation, maintenance and also management.
Technical training has to be given to the locals in order for them to being able to operate and repair the facility without the need of external specialists.
Technical
If spare parts have to be produced and transported to the facility from remote areas, standing times in case of a breakdown are prolonged. The constructor of the facility and spare parts of the solar PV plant for example Cerah Sempurna is located in Semarang Central Java (Cerah Sempurna PT 2010). If the technical know how of repair is not with the locals, the need for repair by specialists from outside also prolongs the standing times of a breakdown. Thirdly, the importance of standardization can be shown by means of this project. The wind turbines are of different types and capacities, therefore, no standardization is achieved. Through standardization training, operation, maintenance, and repair are simplified and become more efficient. This is also true for construction, spare parts, removal and disposal. Trust in the facility is also quite low, as on the one hand the unstable wind situation leaves need for frequent diesel substitution and, secondly, breakdowns and long standing times let the supply by renewable energy seems insecure.
People tend to rather rely on their diesel generators.
For the spare parts local or regional production should be guaranteed in order to minimize standing times and to support the local economy. The same is true for the availability of specialists for repair and maintenance at a local level.
Environmental
Especially important for Nusa Penida is the raising of awareness of the renewable energy project beyond the mere supply of electricity. The negative impact of fossil fuels as diesel on the local as well as super local environment should be clear to the people. The lack of a proper storage backup system leaves diesel as the only and environmentally detrimental option.