List of Figures

Fig.1 Existing six-storey community 3

Fig.2 Chinese Collective Housing 4

From Google Map, accessed July 9, 2013.

Fig.3 Chinese Collective Housing History Timeline 5

Fig.4 Chinese Residential Dwelling Changes 6

Reproduced from, http://news.sina.cn; http://rent.jn.soufun.com; http://www.nipic.com, (From Left to Right).

Fig.5 Danwei Dayuan V.S. New Gated Community circa 1980-1990 V.S. High-rise Compound 7

Fig.6 A Corridor in an old apartment building 8

Reproduced from, http://gz.jiaju.sina.com.cn, s.v., 筒子楼.

Fig.7 A Chinese Traffic Jam 10

Reproduced from, http://www.cnhuaihai.com, s.v., 交通堵塞.

Fig.8 Chinese artist drawing of free market space 12

Reproduced from, http://www.shoucang888.com.

Fig.9 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 13

Reproduced from, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Maslow%27s_Hierarchy_of_Needs.svg#file.

Fig.10 The importance of Public Space Quality 13

Jan Gehl, “Lively, attractive, and safe cities - but how?”, New Urbanism and Beyond: Designing Cities for the Future, Tigran Haas ed., (New York: Rizzoli, 2008), 106.

Fig.11 Living quality Principles 14

MVRDV, The Vertical Village: Individual, Informal, Intense Taipei, 20.

Fig.12 Family in Dongba Symbols 18

Reproduced from, http://www.artwork-cn.com, s.v., 合家欢乐

Fig.13 Siheyuan Plan & Birds’ View 19

Reproduced from, http://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Siheyuan_pmt.JPG；http://bj.bendibao.com, s.v., 四合院平面 图.(From Left to Right).

Fig.14 Qingmingshanghetu 20

Reproduced from, http://lxc66188.blog.163.com, 清明上河图.

Fig.15 Beijing, Dashilan 21

Ronald G. Knapp, Chinese House: The Architectural Heritage of a Nation, (Singapore: Tuttle Pub, 2005), 24.

Fig.16 Beijing, Hutong 21

Reproduced from, http://www.ccits618.com/Line_496232.html.

Fig.17 A Net-work of open urban space of Beijing: Capital city and outer city 21 Zhu Jianfei, Chinese Spatial Strategies: Imperial Beijing, 1420-1911, (London, Routledge, 2012), 53.

Fig.18 Wang Shu Hangzhou Aparmtnet Standard Plan & Section 22

Reproduced from, http://www.metalocus.es, s.v., Wang Shu Hangzhou Courtyard Apartments.

Fig.19 Next 21 Skeletion 23

Reproduced from, http://www.mech.hku.hk/sbe/case_study/case/jap/next21/next21-as.html

Fig.20 Next 21 Plan 23

Reproduced from, http://www.open-building.org/ob/next21.html.

Fig.21 Link Hybrid Bridges Concept Drawing 24

Reproduced from, http://www.pumapark.tistory.com.

Fig.22 Link Hybrid Bridges Plan & Photo 25

Reproduced from, http://www.archdaily.com/34302/linked-hybrid-steven-holl-architects/; http://www.puma-park.tistory.com. (From Left to Right).

Fig.23 Unité d’Habitation of Marseille Plan & Section 27

Hilary French ed., Key Urban Housing of the Twentieth Century: Plans, Sections and Elevations, (New York, NY:

W.W. Norton, 2008), 84.

Fig.24 Narkomfin Building Plan & Section 27

French, Key Urban Housing of the Twentieth Century, 52-53.

Fig.25 Pretti-Igoe Plan & Section Sketch 29

Katharine G. Bristol, “The Pruitt-Igoe myth,” Keith L. Eggener, ed., American Architectural History: A

Contempo-rary Reader, (London: Routledge, 2004), 352

Fig.26 Elevation by Lucien Kroll 30

Lucien Kroll, Buildings and Projects, (London: Thames and Hudson, 1988).

Fig.27 Citizens enjoy with springs 33

Photographed by Beihan, http://beihan116.blog.163.com/blog/static/34943282011631650522/.

Fig.28 The game of Qushuiliushang 34

Reproduced from, http://en.shaoxingtour.cn.

Fig.29 The form of springs 35

Reproduced from, http://www.haishang.org, 济南泉水分布图图片_济南岩溶泉水分布图.

Fig.30 Existing apartment courtyard 40

Fig.31 Parking along communal streets 43

Fig.32 Pathway Concept Drawing 51

Fig.33 Pathway, Building & View 60

Fig.34 Existing Building South Facade 62

Fig.35 Existing Building Floor Plate & Beam 64

Reproduced from, http://www.djqinglong.com, “2009042916175649075.jpg”.

Fig.36 Existing Building Structure & Material 64

Fig.37 Steel Structure Skeleton Addition 65

Fig.38 Brick Paving 66

Reproduced from, http://www.jiancai365.cn/sca_252952.htm; http://www.yxjdtc.com/news/127.html. (From Left to Right).

Fig.39 Brick Landscape Low Wall 66

Reproduced from, http://news.china-flower.com/paper/papernewsinfo.asp?n_id=223752; http://www.bmlink.

com/njunison/supply-6472370.html. (From Left to Right).

Fig.40 Organization System Design Process 67

Fig.41 Building Concept Drawing 67

Fig.42 Concept Model 68

Fig.43 Storage wall concept drawing 70

Fig.44 Lighten Corridor concept drawing 72

Fig.45 Vertical Courtyard concept drawing 73

Fig.46 Communal Hall Space Model 79

Fig.47 Units & Corridor Sectional Drawing 80

Fig.48 Translucent light screen Examples 80

Reproduced from, http://www.flickr.com/photos/poppanen/2962145694/; Malcolm Walker Architects Limited, http://www.nzia.co.nz/awards/. (From Left to Right).

Fig.49 Envelope Detail 81

Reproduced from, http://www.fondazionerenzopiano.org/project/95/aurora-place/drawings/enlarged/514/;

http://www.somfyarquitectura.com.pt/index.cfm?page=/buildings/home/references&display=detail&idr ef=51049B74-C556-30C3-305E7E745572CCD4 (From Left to Right).

Unless otherwise stated all drawings, photographs, and digital collage by �in Yao, 2013.

9.0 Appendix

Insulae

Insulae means island, being recorded as the earliest example of apartment build-ings, housed most of the urban citizens of ancient Rome (except for the wealthi-est from the upper-middle class). It could accommodate over 40 people within only 330 sq² in one isolated building. It was up to six or seven storeys high, in which, the ground level was normally for commercial and business use with living spaces upstairs,^[1] which continuous reappear in the modern housing complex. But this kind of housing was sometimes constructed at minimal expense for speculative purposes, resulting in poor construction.^[2]

Walter Gropius

In the 1930 CIAM^[3] meeting, Walter Gropius suggested 10 to 12 storeys as an ideal height for apartments at least in Germany to stop what we now call urban sprawl.

Gropius admits that the current desire for healthy, hygienic housing stresses light and air, which is best achieved through single-family housing with gardens. But allowing

[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_(building), s.v., Insula.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Congrés Internationaux de l’Architecture Moderne.

cities to spread out into distant suburbs made up of single-family homes necessitates long commutes to work, is a huge waste of time and an economic burden in terms of lost work time. Small dwellings are not the solution to urban problems. Instead, a properly designed high-rise, set in greenery with views of nature, can be “a biologi-cally correct housing model for our times.^[4]

[4] From Germany to America: Walter Gropius and Martin Wagner on Skyscrapers and the Planning of Healthy Cities, Jeffry M. Diefendorf, Ghi Bulletin Supplement 2 (2005), 33.

Urban Block & Pathways Final Presentation

Courtyard & Routes

1 - 1 SECTION 1:50 @ A1

2 - 2 SECTION 1:50 @ A1

3 - 3 SECTION 1:50 @ A1

Cafe

Free Market

Pathway

All plans 1:100 @ A1

All plans 1:100 @ A1

Art Gallery

Art Gallery

GYM

GYM

Pathway

All plans 1:100 @ A1

Light Corridor Daytime

Light Corridor Nighttime

Site Model 1:1500

Building Model 1:200