List out the various processes employed in the separation of components of a mixture

MYTHMany people think that if we memorize things by making pictures of everything and then associating them, our mind will be full of pictures and we might get confused.BUSTEDOur brain has a limited capacity for words, but an unlimited capacity for images or pictures.SELF REALIZATIONSince morning, can you count how many images have you seen till now?Do you feel that your brain is full and that you can no longer see more images?‘NO’. In fact, even if you close your eyes, more pictures will come into your mind because our mind thinks in pictures and is continuously thinking of something or the other. Even while asleep, thoughts keep coming in the form of dreams.So, do not worry. Even if you stop making visualizations to remember something, your mind will continue to see pictures. Then why not use it

purposefully for your own benefit?

HOW TO MEMORIZE ANSWERS USING PNN AND CHAIN METHOD Now let’s see how we can use this method to memorize answers.

Q. List out the various processes employed in the separation of components of a mixture.

Ans. The various processes employed in the separation of components of a mixture are as follows:

Hint: Suggested PNN (you can create your own as well)  

Now using the chain method, link the various processes by using their nicknames (PNN).

VISUALIZATION:

Visualize that you want to separate a mixture into its components, so you open your bedroom window and take out your hand to pick up the mixture.

Instead of the mixture, you find a sieve there.

You see the name canteen written on it.

You take it to canteen. There you see a huge filter machine.

Now try making further visualization for the above on your own:

Using PNN we can also memorize information like:

Countries–Currencies

This is not only useful in day-to-day life, but a must method to be learnt for those appearing in competition exams, where a lot of general knowledge is required. We will talk about it in more detail in the student’s section.

We can also memorize vocabulary, difficult words with their meaning, and foreign language words using this technique, which we will see in the next chapter.

CHAPTER AT A GLANCE  

Information containing difficult, unfamiliar words or strange names of places and people which are hard to visualize can be memorized using PNN (personal nick name) method.

In this method, we substitute the unknown, difficult word with a familiar sounding word which we can visualize and associate it with the given information.

The substituted word or the nickname can be one word or a group of words.

It is not always necessary to make PNN according to a similar sound of the given word. Any other knowledge or related image can serve as a nick name for that word.

This method is used for memorizing things in general like:

Abstract words

7

LEARNING FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS AND ENGLISH VOCABULARY

Learning a foreign language is the latest trend these days but sometimes it becomes a necessity, like when you are

travelling abroad for business or going on a vacation. There are many countries where just knowing English is not enough.

In such a scenario, it becomes important for a traveller to learn the local language so that he/she is able to communicate at least basic things like asking for directions, reading a menu card, asking the price for a product etc.

To learn a foreign language, if you follow conventional techniques, it is possible that you will take a few months or even a year to be able to speak in that language.

But here I can teach you a method through which you will be able to master the basics of any given language in as quickly as 10 days! Yes! That’s exactly what I mean. In just 10 days!

Though you still need to practice speaking the language to get your grammar and sentence structure correct, most people will agree that their biggest challenge in learning a new language is remembering the new words and their meanings at a good speed without getting confused. We can master a new language words by using the PNN (Personal Nickname) method along with the AIR principle.

MEMORIZING FOREIGN LANGUAGE WORDS

As any word of a foreign language may seem abstract, meaningless, and nonsensical to you, you will not be able to form a mental picture of it. So the first step is to transform a foreign word into a form that is easily understandable and can be visualized in your mind.

For example, let’s take a Spanish word like ‘cuarto’ which means ‘room’. Now at first glance it will not make sense to someone who is unfamiliar with Spanish language. Therefore, it becomes difficult to visualize it.

If you want to commit this word in your long-term memory so that it becomes easy to recall, you have to transform it into a form that you can easily visualize.

If you speak the word ‘cuarto’ (pronounced as quart-o) slowly, you will find a familiar and a similar sounding word in it i.e.

‘quarter’. Quarter is something meaningful that you can picture in your mind. Now, why not make a ridiculous or illogical association, as you have already learned, between quarter and room?

In Spain, rooms are divided into small quarters.

The next time you try to recall the Spanish word for ‘room’, your ridiculous association will help you recall quarter, which will further help you recall that the word is ‘cuarto’.

Let’s take one more example.

In French, ‘Merci’ means ‘Thank you’.

Just imagine you won a lottery of one lakh rupees and you go to temple or church to thank God. Imagine yourself bending in front of God and saying ‘Thank God for your “Merci”.’

THE TRICKTo remember a foreign word and its English meaning, associate the English meaning to the substitute word or the nickname you have given for that foreign word.

Let’s try to remember these five French words:

Figure: F(a)

Figure: F(b) Now let’s try to learn a few Spanish words:

Figure: S(a)

Figure: S(b)

The sample associations given above are those that I might use. It is always best to make up your own pictures. Try this method with any foreign language vocabulary, and you’ll be able to memorize the words better and faster and with more retentiveness than you ever could before.

Here are some words from German language. Why don’t you try to memorize these by using your imagination?

IMPROVING ENGLISH VOCABULARY

Even though we are familiar with English, sometimes we come across some words that we may have never heard before.

Then it becomes difficult for us to comprehend its meaning and usage and they seems like foreign words to us. PNN and AIR principle are not just useful in memorizing foreign language words, they can be used to learn words from the English vocabulary as well. We can just break the difficult word into smaller, familiar sounding words and form an image

associating these with the meaning of the word.

For example: let’s take the word: ‘Excruciate’. It means ‘subject to intense pain or mental stress’. Now we can read this word as ‘a screw she ate.’ To memorize this word, just imagine a lady who is in a lot of pain because of ‘a screw she ate’.

Let’s consider one more example:

‘Transient’ means ‘short lived or passing’.

Now let’s break the word as tran+si+ent or train+see+ant. So you can imagine an ant crossing the railway track just when a train is about to pass. The train sees the ant just for a second and passes away.

Here are a few words for you to try and memorize using the above method. The first few have been done as examples.

I am sure you are able to memorize these words with ease and its meaning gets etched in your memory forever.

MEMORIZING SCIENTIFIC TERMS

This method can be used to memorize scientific terminology as well. For example, a medical student, who has to memorize the names of various bones in the human body, may find trouble with memorizing the names of the wrist bones i.e. Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrium, Pisiform, Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capate, Hamate.

Using the PNN method, one can convert difficult names of bones into simple pictures and use the chain or hide-and-seek method to arrange them in a sequence.

 Name of the Bones   Nicknames (PNN ) 

 Scaphoid   Scarf + avoid 

VISUALIZATIONI avoided wearing a scarf as it was hot outside and I was getting too late. I was going to play a trick on my friends in an aquarium. The aquarium was in PC form (shape). Its entry gate was in the shape of a trapezium.

Inside I saw a big trap where an octopus wearing a Cap ate fishes with ham and omelette.

In this way, a lot of information related to medicine, science, pharmacy, and other related studies can be made easier using this method, especially for students. Many more examples are given in the students’ section later in the book.

CHAPTER AT A GLANCE  

Learning a foreign language is not just a trend but a necessity.

By using the PNN method along with the AIR principle we can learn a foreign language in just a few days.

When we try to learn the words of a foreign language, it is usually difficult as we cannot associate an image to it.

The first step is to convert that word into a form that can be easily visualized.

This can be done through PNN. Give a familiar nick name to that word.

Now associate this nick name with the word’s meaning in English.

For example: the Spanish word Cara (which means face in English) can be memorized as:

 English word   Spanish word   PNN(nick name)   Image (funny) 

 Face   Cara   Car   Spanish girls put lot of make-up on their face while driving a car. 

This method can be used to learn not just a foreign language but to learn difficult English words or scientific terms as well.

For example, the meaning of Obliterate can be memorized as:

 Word   Meaning   PNN (nick name)   Image (funny) 

 Obliterate   Destroy, demolish   m(ob) + literate   A mob of literate citizens demolishing the school building. 

Through this method you’ll be able to memorize the words better and faster and with more retentiveness.

8

MEMORIZING NAMES AND FACES Someone asked an old man: ‘Even after 70 years,

you still call your wife Darling…Jaan…Sweety….

Baby…Honey…Luv…!!!

What is the secret of this love?’

The old man replied: ‘I forgot her name 10 years ago…

…and I’m scared to ask her.’

A person’s name is his most prized possession, and there is nothing more pleasing to him than hearing his own name or having it remembered by others.

Although I doubt if any of you are as bad as the person in the anecdote, the most common complaint made by people who consider themselves to be in possession of a poor memory is that they are continually forgetting other people’s names. They remember the faces (as mentioned before, images are easy to recall), but the names fail to stick. This can be quite a concern, especially for those who work in an environment where they have to meet new people every day. In case you forget someone’s name, he/she might feel offended. Also, it is proven that people who remember names easily develop better personal relationships.

Would it not be an asset for any salesman to remember the names of his customers? Or for a doctor to remember the names of his patients, a lawyer, his clients, etc.? Of course, it would. Though everybody likes to achieve this quality, many fail to remember the names of people that they have met. They will remember having seen the person somewhere, but they are not able to locate the place or recollect their name. Sometimes they also fail to identify the person, because they just do not remember the face. The problem of forgetting names and faces is quite common but thankfully, it can be rectified.

HOW TO REMEMBER NAMES

It is not necessary that people only forget difficult or uncommon names. Most of the times the names are simple, but you are just not able to recollect it when you meet that person. It may be due to the fact that you were not paying enough attention while being introduced to the person or because you didn’t interacted much with that person. Here is a method through which you can remember as many names as you want in one day and can retain it for a much longer duration.

There are five simple steps to keep in mind while being introduced to someone for the first time, to remember his/her name forever: