Reduction of Cost of Solar P
Chapter 2. Characterisation methods for solar cell materials and devices, and experimental methodology.
2.2 M aterial characterisation methods for thin films 1 Optical absorption
In the course of analysis, the three speeches selected are labeled text "A" president Umar Musa Yafadua inaugural speech, text "B"
President Good luck Ebele Jonathan inaugural speech and text
"C" President Barack Obama inaugural speech. The total numbers of sentences with negation extracted portion are twenty
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seven; therefore, we have A 1-5 and text Bl-6 sentences and finally text Cl-16 respectively this was done in order to make the analysis clear and easy to understand. Efforts were made to calculate the percentages of speech acts types so as to make interpretation of the tables clear and empirical. The calculation of the percentages of the speech acts in a speech is based on the number of sentences and not on the total number of speech acts in each speeches. This we have;
Total number of speech acts
Total numbers of sentences in speech 1
This will served as the basis for our discussion in the research work.
Text A; The speech Act Analysis of President Umaru Musa 'Yar'adua inaugural speech:
Data I:
Locution: • I didn't hand over power to civilian in 1979.
illocutionary:
(a) Direct: assertive (stating)
(b) Indirect: verdictive (confirming) Expected perlfocutionary: confirming.
Data II:
Locution: He did not create these divisions.
Illocutionary:
(a) Direct: assertive
(b)Indirect: verdictive (confirming) Expected perlocutionary: confirming.
Data III:
Locution: Not only did President Obasanjo destroy his own image as a stateman and patriot, it was not true.
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Illocutionary:
(a) Direct: Expressive (b),Indirect: Commissive Expected perlocutionary effect: confirmation.
Data IV:
Locution: Luckily, we are not starting from the scratch.
Illocutionary:
(a) Direct: Assertive (stating) (b) Indirect: verdictive
Expected perlocutionary Act: happiness.
Data V:
Locution: These plans will means little, if we didn't respect rule of law.
Illocutionary:
(a) Direct: directive (b) Indirect: commissive
Expected perlocutionary Act: Encouragement.
Text '13' A speech Act Analysis of President Jonathan Inaugural speech.
Data Bl:
Locution: I cannot thank them enough.
Illocutionary Act:
(a) Direct: declarative (b)Indirect: assertive Expected perlocutionary Act: Sympathy.
Data B II:
Locution: I cannot but Guy tribute to our late president, Alh.
Umaru Musa Yar'adua.
Illocutionary Act:
(a) Direct: Expressiveness (Sympathy) (b)Indirect: Assertive Expected perlocutionary Act: Sympathy
Data B III:
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Locution: We will not allow any one exploit differences in creed or tongue to set one against another.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: directive (b) Indirect: commissive
Expected perlocutionary Act: sobriety and reflective Data B IV:
Location: Confident that people cannot that are truly committed to
a nobi-e ideal, cannot be denied the realisation of their vision.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive (b) Indirect: declarative
Expected perlocutionary Act: hopefulness.
Data B VI:
Locution: Cyniciscism and skepticism will not help over our journey to greatness.
Illocutionary act: (a) Direct: directive (b)Indirect: assertive
Expected perlocutionary Act: appealing.
Text 'C' A speech act analysis of President Barack Obama Inaugural Speech:
Data C I:
Locution: America has not carried on not simply because of the skill and vision of those in high office, but we the people have remain faithfully to the ideal of our forebears and
true to our founding documents.
Illocutionarv act:
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(a) Direct: directive (b) Indirect: verdictive
Expected perlocutionary Act: sobriety and reflective.
Data C II:
Locution: • Less measurable but not less profound, is a sapping of confidence across our land. Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: directive (b) Indirect: declarative
Expected perlocutionary Act: inspiring.
Data C III:
Locution: It has not been the path for the faint-heated for those that prefer leisure over work or seek only the pleasures of
riches and fame. Rather it has been a risk takers.
lllocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive (b) Indirect: expressive
Expected perlocutionary Act: sobriety and reflective.
Data C VI:
Locution: • And we will act not create new jobs but to lay new foundation for rowth.
lllocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive
(b) Indirect: expressiveness
Expected perlocutionary Act: hopefulness.
Data C V:
Locution: The question we ask today is not whether our government is too big or too small but whether it works...
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: commissive
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(b) Indirect: verdictive
Expected perlocutionary effect: hopefulness.
Data C VI:
Locution: The nation cannot proper long when it favour, only the prosperous.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive (b) Indirect: expressive
Expected perlocutionary effect: encouraging and inspiring.
Data C VII:
Locution: The success of our economy has always depended not just on the size of our gross domestic product but on the
reach of our prosperity.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive (b) Indirect: commissive
Expected perlocutionary effect: Inspiring.
Data C VIII:
Locution: The ability to extend opportunity to every willing heart not out of our gross domestic, but the .reach of our prosperity.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: Assertive (b) Indirect: Declarative
Expected perlocutionary effect: hopefulness of sympathy.
Data C IX:
Locution: Those ideals still light the world and we will not give them up for expedience sake.
Illocutionary act;
(a) Direct: Commissive
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(b) Indirect: Declarative
Expected perlocutionary Act: hopefulness.
Data C X:
Locution: • Recall that earlier generalizations face down racism and communism not just with missile and tanks but with study alliances and enduring conviction. .
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: assertive (a) Indirect: expressive Expected perlocutionary Act: pacification.
Data C XL-
Locution: We will not apologies our way of life; nor will we favour waver in its defence.
Illocutionary act:
(b) Direct: declarative (c) Indirect: verdictive
Expected perlocutionary Act: determining of encouragement.
Data C XII:
Locution: For we knew that our patchwork heritage is a strength not
a weakness.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: Assertive (b)Indirect: commissive
Expected perlocutionary Act: motivation and Inspiring.
Data C XIII:
Locution: • Your people will judge you on what you can build, not what you destroy.
Elocutionary act:
(a) Direct: Assertive (b) Indirect: Virdictive
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Expected perlocutionary effect: appeasement.
Data C XIV:
Locution: We honour them not only because they are gurdians of our liberty but they embody the spirit of service.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: Assertive (b) Indirect: Declarative
Expected perlocutionary effect: happiness and cheerful.
Data C XV:
,ocution:
A recognition on the part of every American that we have duties to ourselves, our nation and world; duties we do not grudgingly accept but rather seize gladly.
Illocutionary act:
(a) Direct: Commissive (b)Indirect: Declerative Expected perlocutionary effect: Encouraging.
Data C XVI:
Locution:
Less than 60 years ago might not been solved in local restaurant can now stand before ou to take sacred oath.
Illocutionary act:
(c) Direct: Assertive (d) Indirect: Verdictive
Expected perlocutionary effect: excitement.
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TABLE I:
TEXT 'A' (YAR'ADUA INAUGURAL SPEECH)
Speech Act (Direct
&
Frequencies Percentages
Indirect
Assertive Directive 3 1
30% 1 0%
Expressive 1
10%
Verdictive o
30%
Commissive 7 z.
20%
Declarative 0
0%
Total Number of Acts 10
*
TABLE 2:
TEXT 'B' (GOODLUCK JONATHAN INAUGURAL SPEECH) Speech Act (Direct &
Indirect Frequenc
ies Percentages
Assertive 5
41.6%
Directive 2
16.6%
Expressive 1
8.3%
Verdictive 0
0%
Commissive 2
16.6% » Declarative
Total Number of Acts 16.6%
TABLE 3:
TEXT 'C' (INAUGURAL SPEECH OF PRESIDENT BARACKOBAMA)
Speech Act (Direct & Indirect Frequencies
Percentages
Assertive 10
3 1 .2%
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Directive 2
6.2%
Expressive 4
12.5%
Verdictive 5
15.6%
Com missive 5
15.6%
Declarative 6
18.7%
Total Number of Acts 32