D�Dartment of Physiology m;..-l A natom 1-·. }.1 assey Uni,·ersiTy, Palmas!un lhr£h, New Zrala!td
The myosir.. adeno�;ine t:-ir.hospho!8�c ( myo<;i n ATPasc) hist oche rr.:ca! tcch i t;•_J :le \vas c ::n p ) c.yed in a qu.:n:it�: t 1vc study on a n tcnat & l and
post;�;; � a ! d':'!vclopm c nt o f t he �.tn,itc n d i ;!oSt<s mvsclc 0 f the she•:p. Ti1i>
enabkd the pal ttrn of developmc:1:t of t !�c fibres ?. nd ! heir sequenc;: of
diffc�e ntiation into fu ncti•m<::Jy d i , t i n c t f1brr. �yp:s to be d etermined,
i �1ferring t h e morphot,Ci1C5is of �rcrific j�,,en 7ymc:s of myosin.
T w o distinct gencratio:1s of fibr�s cl e'.•e!Oil early in foetal d evelopment.
The prit&} a ry generation of cel l s is rec0gn isabie al fo�ty d ays gestation
while the second�!)' grnei';.tion o[ rclh bcgi;1 t o up p·:ar a t sixty d ays. U p
to seventy d ays of gestation, both gen,:r;,tions o f cc �is $�;: ! n Jark h'i t h myos in /\TPasc stain. A t sc.vcnty days f2Wi t ion, t h e prir�l<� r:v· ;enera t i n 1 1
o f cc:lls <!re larger i n size (mc[!n tr<H;$vcr sc s-::ctio:1:'. l ;u..;a (TSA) o f I
:;o
1.un2)with pale CC!1tr;; l cores conta in ing nuclei and o(·t:J pyi ng a rr.ore ccntn:l po:;iiion i n t h -: r,rwly forming p::rimysial cpc:Jo:.cd fa$ciclrs The second a ry generation of c ·lls s hows a ho:�10gencous d :�rk appearance with the stain, and h"ve a mean TSA of 1 (>0 The fasc:iclcs at this
stage have a mea n TS /\ of 3 ,500 prn2•
From eighty days of r,cs� ation omv;s rds, two d istinct myos i n isoc nzym-::
fi brc types are observcd hi�l ocltr mically i n the musck. The pri m a ry
generation of cells pres umably has lo�l it� d a rk staining c h a rac:te r i� : ic to bccotnc pale staining ATI-�ase l o w (A L) fibre.:; "· !-:et ea� t h:; seconda ry
gene ration of cells continues to retai n its d;nk stair.inc, ability a nd fo r m
the ATPase h igh (A H ) fi bre popuUion. ,
Jhe
d istribution 0f the ftb�etypes is heterogeneous from this pct io�i oi �1dulthood. R egions of higi1cq and lowest A L fibre de nsity arc rccogni � ;� blc in ail t h_-:sc stages a nd a : e
referred t o it s the A L dense and the A L � parse areas o f the muscle. T h e
percent age of AL fi bres i n t h e A L d � nsc r; re<·s increases from 1 0 pcrcsnt :lt eighty days to 30 percent in thc ad u l t , wbik: no a ppreciable change occt:rs
in _the p-:rcentage of AL fi bres (4 percent) in t he AL spar�c a rea. The mea n fihrc TSAs Clf the AL and A H fi o�es in both AL dense ;:;nd A L sparse <t t eas d o not differ �:ignificant!y i n tile adult, with a value o f 3 ,500 pm2• The mean fa�cicubi· TSA ultimotr:!y attains a value of 1 75,000 pm�. These f: nd ings indicate that the spccificity o f the myosin isoenzymt.:s is not rc:\·caled J uring early foetal developm.:.' n t . Uy e ighty days foe t al sta£e the fibres beg in t o show spccifici ty. shown by ot hers to be d u e to loss of a n
i n itial dimorphic isocnzyme activity. T h e presence of a n ATPase dense
and an ATPa�e sparse area in the muscle is re':.1ted to the p0-;tura l and the
p ropuhive functional rcq u i re !llents of the postnatal sem i t e nd inosus m u scle, as shO\vn in clectro myor.ra p h ic s t u d ies. Th� a ntcilatal a nd post natal increase in A L. fibre perccn t :1gc i n part of the muscle with a
predomi nantly post ur:1l function rctlects both ante nati\ I a n t icipation .of, a nd postnatal adaptation fo r, 11ostural dcm:wd on t he muscle dunng
�rowth.
I n t e r na t i onal C o n f e r e n c e o n F i brous Pro t e ins , Palm e r s t o n N or t h ,
1979
• Book o f a b s t rac t s ,47-48
•M-:l ssey Un i vers i ty
The sem i tend i nc:stJs of the sheep was used ns an expe r i me n ta l mode l to
test 1 h'c; antenzto l genet i c un1" i c i p0t i on of musc l n. to i t s pos1·nata l functionil l dern;;;nds . The a l k;t l i ne rr.yos i n AT?ase h i s�·ochcr.. : Ca l
techn i que l·,a s used to i dent i f y and q•Jon t i � y p-:Jstura l , AT!\'Jse l ow (ALl·,
and proru l s i "c , _ATPa se h i nh ( r.H l , f i bres . Areas o f h i ghest and
l owe s t AL f i b re dens ity were recogn i sa b l e w i t h i n the musc i o i n a l l stnges o f deve l opmen t f rom 80 days gestat i on . The num�er of 1\L f i bres,
a s a per·ccntage of to1 a l f i bres i n t he AL dense a ;-ea , i ncrea sed f rom
1 0% at 80 days gcs1 at i on up to 30% i n the a d u l t , •,;hcre;as i r , the t,L
spa rse area the AL de nsi ty rema i ned a t aoout 4% t h roughou 1 1 h i s
g r·owth per· i od .
E l ect romyag:aph i c reC'.)rci i r.�s m<�_de s i rw l tanl·c�.;s l y i n the A L dense a rea
a n d the Al S;'a rs'.l a r·e'l of th<;) sem i tend i nosus mu sc l e i n adu l t s�1eep proved that 1 he Al dense a rea i s ac t i ve pos t u ra l ! y and AL sparse
area i s ect i va i n p ropu l s i on .
fhe p:-esence o f post u ral and propu l s i 't0 p a d s w i th i n the musc l e ond
the i nc r e?.se i n percen1 age of AL f i bres a l ong w i i h i ncrea s i ng body
w e i g h t du r ing post na 1 a l g row th suqg c s t s a f u nct i ona l a<iap1·atory
ch3ng•3 . I n 1 hP. ant ena �·a ! per i od , howeve r , t he fetus i s a n amn i ot i c
aqu�naut su �po r t ed b y forces o f buoyancy, and doe s not exper i ence
adaptatory i nf I uc nce . Thus 1 he prus�..r1cc of postu ra I a n d pr·opu I s i ve
reg ions cven du r i ng a.,te;:at z l g row t h anc' an accompa n y i n!J i ncrea se; I n
AL f i brc d e n s i ty w i t h i n the po�tu ra I reg io n i nd i cates a n ar1tenaTa I gene t i c a nt i c i pa t i on of mu sc l e to i ts postna ta l f unct i ona l demands.
Depa rtment of Phy s i o l ogy a n d A.na1or.-,y M . N . S l vacho l van
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