821 — Rights and Duties of Labour
821:1 B A N I S A D A R , A ., W ork and the W orker in Islam.
(Trans: Hasan M ashhadi.) Tehran: H am dani Foundation, 1980, 88 pp.
A collection of his six lectures to workers. Critically exam ines the state of the worker in Iran on the eve of the Islamic Revolution. Defines the rights of the worker in the Islamic fram ew ork.
Rhetorical. For laymen. Undocum ented.
821:2 F A R I D I , F. R ., ‘Mihnat aur Sarmaya ki Kashmakash a u r Islam ’ (Conflict of labour and capital and Islam). (U).
ZindagT, R a m p u r, (15:2) O cto b er 1955, pp. 9-35.
Analyses causes of labour-capital conflict. Proposes Islamic economic system as a solution. The problem of labour should be conceived in the overall systemic context.
Descriptive. For laymen.
821:3 a l- F A R U Q I, I sm a il R ., ‘Islam and L a b o u r’ in Islam a n d a N ew International E conom ic Order: A Social D im en
sion, G enev a: I .I.L .S ., 1980, pp. 79-102.
W o rk is w orkshop in Islam. Islam does not distinguish be tw e en m ental and manual work in social gradation. Islam stands for equal pay for equal work; no work to go unrewarded.
W ages of the w orker are protected by the state. W orkers’
rights are: labour according to capacity, decent standard of living, freedom to choose work. Suggests universal education, transfer of production surplus to the Ummah (forcibly or
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voluntarily) and overthrow of incompetent governments in the Muslim world.
Analyses problem s of labour surplus and labour deficient Muslim economies. Criticises political and labour policies of Muslim states and pleads for a total integration of all these states. M akes an incisive analysis of the impact of worker m igration (both trained and untrained) on traditional social structure. Concludes that the identity crisis and westernisation can be stopped by a massive effort of setting up separate schools and com m unity centres by the Muslim communities in the W est.
Presented at the Symposium on ‘Islam and a New Inter
national Econom ic O rder: The Social Dim ension’, G eneva, Ja n u a ry 1980.
Based on Primary sources. Fully documented.
821:4 ‘U T H M A N I , M. R., ‘K arkhanon ke M unafa‘ men M a zd u r ki Sham uliyat’ (L abour participation in the profit of industrial enterprises). (U). Al-B alagh, Karachi, February
1977, pp. 85-100.
Discusses the legitimacy of w orkers’ participation fund in Pakistan. A legal decree authenticated by a panel of ‘U lam a.
822 - Determination o f Wages
822:1 N A D V I , M. Mujibullah, ‘Mazduron ki ujrat ka M a s ’alah,’ (The question of wages of workers). (U). Z indagI, R a m p u r (17:1-4), Septem ber/D ecem b er 1956, pp. 83-93, 22-40, 9-24.
Discusses economic condition of workers in communist a n d capitalist countries. Analyses recent trends in labour reform s. Discusses principles of labour relations in Islamic e conom y. T he analysis is elementary and is based on broad generalisations.
822:2 Q U R E S H I , ‘Abdul Majid, ‘Wages in an Islamic E co
n o m y ’, Islamic T h o u g h t, Aligarh (6:2) March/April 1959, pp.
24-8.
L a b o u r and capital should be treated as two partners.
T h e share of labour to be based on the capitalised value of lab o u r over, say, 20 years and that of capital for a similar
period. L a b o u r to also get a further share in the ‘profit’ in the form of bonus. T he hypothesis is worth consideration by economists.
823 - Labour Management Relations
823:1 N A D V I , M. M ujibullah, ‘Islami Q anun-e-U jrat ka ek b a b ’ (A chapter of Islam’s law of wages). (U). M a ‘arif, A z a m g a rh , (77:6) Ju n e 1956, pp. 405-21; (78:1) July 1956, pp.
5-22; (78:3) S ep tem ber 1956, pp. 165-88.
A com prehensive treatm ent of industrial relations in Islam. Discusses the concept of wages and its determination in Islam. A detailed review of the concept of minimum wages an d o th e r facilities recognised by Islam for workers.
841 - Family Planning in Islam
841:1 A H M A D , Khurshid, ‘Tahrik-e-Dabt-e-W iladat ka
‘ilml J a ’izah’, (A Critical Evaluation of the Birth Control M o v e m e n t), (U ), in Islam aur dabt-e-Wiladat by Mawdudi, L a h o r e , Islamic Publications, 1978, pp. 136-74.
A thorough and critical examination of the economic rationale of the Birth Control Movement. Also highlights some political an d strategic consequences of the movement for the M uslim W orld and Pakistan.
D o c u m e n te d . For laymen and economists.
841:2 FA T IM Y , S. Q ., ‘K handani M ansuba-bandi ka Q u r ’anI T asaw w ur’ ( Q u r ’anic point of view on Family Plan
ning) (U). Fikr-o-N azar, Islamabad (6:6) D ecem ber 1968, pp. 423-39.
Family planning is a recom m ended course of action in the Q u r ’an. T h e re is nothing against it. Representative of the m o d ern ist approach.
Descriptive. M ean t for comm on readers.
841:3 H A Q U E , Zohurul, ‘Religion of Islam and Family P la n n in g ’, The Islamic Review and A rab Affairs, London (58:1) J a n u ary 1970, pp. 6-11.
Follows the line of the modernists in favour of family planning; contains fataw a of A ra b ‘Ulama’.
Fully d ocum ented.
841:4 H O U R A N I , M. Haitham , ‘Population Problems of the Muslim W o rld ’ in Outlines o f Islamic Econom ics, Indiana:
A .M .S .S ., 1977, pp. 53-6.
A short essay on the population problems of the Muslim world. They are: lack of proper education; gap in resource mobilisation between the capital-rich and labour-rich Muslim countries.
Presented at the First Symposium on the Economics o f Islam in North America, 1977.
Descriptive. U ndocum ented.
841:5 M A W D U D I , A. A ., ‘Islam aur Dabt-e-W iladat’
(Islam and Birth Control). (U). Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1978, 198 pp. See his Birth Control.
841:6 --- , Birth Control. Lahore: Islamic Publications, 1974, 182 pp. (Trans: K. A h m a d and M. I. Faruqi.)
English translation of his Islam aur Dabt-e-Wiladat.
A rg u e s against birth control. Efforts of family planning ignore divine planning and are focussed on a materialistic attitude tow ards life. A thorough examination of the moral, political, econom ic, social, religious and historical aspects of the pro b
lem.
Descriptive. Documented. For general readers but useful for economists and policy makers.
841:7 P A R W E Z , G. A ., ‘Dabt-e-W iladat’ (Birth Control).
(U ). Tulu'-i-Islam , Lahore ( i4:7) July I960, pp. 78-96.
P ro p o u n d s Q u r'anic theory of sex; prescribes self-control as the sole m ethod of birth-control. Considers family planning as a legitimate objective of the S h a rta h but does not accept the m o d ern techniques of birth control as valid.
For laymen. Descriptive. Documented.
841 :8 P H U L W A R W l, M. J. S. (ed.), Tahdid-e-Nasl (Birth C o n tro l). (U). Lahore: Institute of Islamic Culture, 1959, 75 pp.
A collection of five essays which argue in favour of birth control. Representative of non-orthodox approach in Islam.
Useful for Muslim economists.
841:9 --- , Islam aur K handani M ansuba-bandi (Islam a n d Family Planning). (U). Lahore: Institute of Islamic C u ltu re , 1970, 128 pp.
A com prehensive compendium of juridical opinions, bo th classical and m odern in favour of various forms of birth control. A rgues in the light of the opinions of the jurists that birth control is permissible except when the Ummah resolves to pro h ibit it.
R epresen tativ e of the modernist approach. Useful for Muslim economists.
841:10 R A F L U L L A H , A. S., ‘K handani Mansuba-bandi a u r M a d h h a b ’ (Religion and Family Planning). (U). Fikr-o- N a ia r , Islam abad (2:12), June 1965, pp. 737-54.
A rgues on the basis of earlier jurists’ opinion that an organised effort to plan the size of the family is not against any te n e t of Islam.
Fully d ocum ented. For laymen.
841:11 --- , ‘K h andani M ansuba-bandi aur ‘U lam a’ ke F a t a w a ’ (Legal verdicts of ‘Ulama on Family Planning). (U).
F ikr-o -N a ia r (4:7) January 1967, pp. 449-53.
Q u o te s Fatawa of Shah ‘Abdul ‘Aziz, Rashid A hm ad G an g o h i and A bul Kalam A zad in favour of birth control.
Fully docum ented. Juristic jargon. Useful for Muslim economists.
841:12 --- , ‘Khandani M ansuba-bandi Shar‘I nuqta-e-n a z a r se ’ (Family Planuqta-e-nnuqta-e-ninuqta-e-ng from the poinuqta-e-nt of view of the SharVah). (U). Fikr-o-N azar, Islamabad (3:6) June 1965, pp.
393-405.
Based on the exegeses of the earlier jurists, the writer has in te rp re te d the Q u r ’anic verse (4:3) to recom mend m ono
gamy for curtailing the size of the family.
A thought-provoking article. Based on primary sources.
Fully d o cu m en ted . For laymen but useful for economists.
841:13 R A H M A N , Faisal M ., ‘Population Problems and Policy Alternatives in Muslim Countries’ in Outlines o f Islamic E c o n o m ic s, Indiana: A .M .S .S ., 1977, pp. 39-48.
D escribes population problem of densely populated M uslim countries. Examines various methods of population
p r o g ra m m e and considers them in conformity with the S h a r ta h .
Presented in the First Symposium on the Economics of Islam in N o rth A m erica, 1977.
Partly docum ented.
841:14 R A H M A N , Fazlur, ‘Pakistan men Khandani M a n su b a -b a n d i aur M a d h h a b ’ (Religion and Family Planning in Pakistan). (U). M ithaq, Lahore (10:3-4) March/April 1964, pp. 60-6.
Family Planning is a pressing economic need. There is n o thing against it in Islam. Earlier jurists supported it. We should also do an organised effort to control the population.
Brief but representative of modernist point of view.
841:15 S A L E E M , M., ‘Ethical Justification of Family Plan
ning’, Islam ic Studies, Islamabad (8:3) Septem ber 1969, pp.
253-64.
Reviews the argum ents for and against birth control.
C oncludes that a few children of good quality are ethically m o re desirable than many of poor quality.
For laymen. Descriptive.
841:16 S H A L T U T , M ah m u d , ‘Islami SharPat aur Tanzim- e-nasl’ (Family Planning and the SharVah). (U). Fikr-o-Nazar, Islam abad (1 :l-2) July/August 1963, pp. 34-64.
A ltho u g h procreation is one of the objectives of the SharV ah, yet producing weak, invalid and morally bankrupt children with a tte n d an t hazards to m others’ health cannot be accepted as legitimate. Birth control can be practised both on medical a n d economic grounds.
Descriptive but scholarly.
841:17 S C H IE F F E L IN , Olivia (ed.), M uslim A ttitudes to
wards Family Planning. New York: The Population Council, 1967(1973), 146 pp.
A com pendium of writings on Islam and birth control.
T h e writings are carefully selected to emphasise Islam's sym pathy for birth control. Part O ne consists of 8 fa ta w a ; Part T w o contains 12 statem ents by Muslim political leaders and the last p a rt carries articles/abstracts of 21 authors in support o f family planning.
A com prehensive exposition of the modernist approach on the subject.
841:18 Y U S U F , Mufti, M ., Dabt-e-Taulid K i S h a r i H aithiyat (Birth Control and its position in the SharVah. (U) L a h o re: Islamic Publications, 1967, 153 pp.
A rgues that the modern movement of birth control conflicts with the basic tenets of the SharVah. Examines the pros and cons of birth control and rejects it.
For laymen. Non-rigorous. Descriptive. Partly docu
m en te d .