1. d. The camshaft is rotated by the up and down movement of the piston and trans- fers the energy from the internal combus- tion engine to the drive train
(transmission). The spark plugs provide fuel ignition. The radiator provides engine cooling. The oil provides lubrica- tion.
2. b. Vernier calipers are used to determine precise internal or external measurement. 3. a. A lever is the correct choice. A protractor
is used to measure angles. A spring is used for many purposes but not to gain a mechanical advantage. A gear is used to change rotational speeds of shafts. 4. d. All of these wrenches can be used on dif-
ferent size objects.
5. a. A speed gauge is the correct answer. A depth gauge would use units of length such as feet or meters. A pressure gauge would use units of pressure such as psi (pounds per square inch) or bar (baro- metric atmospheric pressure) and is usually measured in inches of mercury. A temperature gauge would use units of temperature such as degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit.
6. c. The muffler is placed at the end of the exhaust system of an automobile to reduce engine noise. It is a chamber that dampens the noise coming from the inter- nal combustion engine.
7. b. Hinges are found on car doors, as well as on other parts such as the trunk lid, the hood, and the gas cap lid.
8. b. Preventive maintenance is periodically making small changes and adjustments on a device to prevent failure. Examples include changing the oil in a car engine, adjusting the brakes on a car, lubricating the moving parts on a pump, and chang- ing the fan belts and hoses on a truck. 9. c. A hacksaw is the correct answer. This type
of saw is similar to a saw for cutting wood except that the teeth are very small and close together.
10. d. The transmission uses different size gears in order to adjust for different speeds. With a manual transmission, the driver changes these gears with the gear shift. An automatic transmission changes the gears at preset speeds.
11. b. Kilometers per hour is the correct answer. A kilometer is a unit of distance in the metric system that is roughly equivalent to 0.6 miles.
12. b. The suspension of an automobile is typi- cally composed of springs, shocks, wheels, and tires.
13. d. All of these are names applied to various kinds of wrenches.
14. c. The foundation is the base upon which the building is constructed. Therefore, it must be constructed before the framing, the walls, or the flooring.
15. a. Wood is typically used to build the walls of houses or pedestrian bridges. The other materials listed are used in buildings for purposes other than structural support. 16. d. The saw could be used to cut the wood
used for the forms for a concrete bridge foundation. It could be used for cutting the studs for the apartment building wall.
It could also be used for cutting the wood for a cedar deck railing.
17. b. Surveying is the practice of determining locations and elevations of structures and roadways. This is accomplished through the use of many instruments and tools, including levels for measuring elevations or heights, tape measures for measuring distances, and transits for measuring angles.
18. b. The sub-floor of a residential house con- sists of joists to support the structural load and decking for the surface. The joists are usually made of 2-inch by 10- inch lumber, and the decking is usually made of34-inch plywood.
19. a. A Phillips screwdriver is a very common type and is used on screws that have an indented cross on the head. You may find this type of screw on objects such as door hinges, television sets, and bicycles. 20. b. The internal combustion engine in an
automobile generates heat and must be cooled. The typical cooling system is based on pumping water around the hot engine block. The heated water is then pumped into the radiator, where it is cooled and then re-circulated back to the engine block. The thermostat is used to regulate the flow of water to keep the engine warm but not let it overheat. 21. a. Diamond point is a kind of chisel. Dovetail
and coping describe kinds of saws. Duck bill describes a kind of pliers.
22. c. Use jumper cables to get a charge from another battery. Installing a new starter will not help; the battery will still be dead. Adding fuel and changing fuses also will
not recharge the battery. Jumper cables can be used to connect your dead battery to another live car battery to start the car. 23. d. Of all the items, only a pogo stick uses
springs.
24. a. The bar on which the seesaw pivots is the fulcrum of the lever. Also, the seesaw raises and lowers a load (person) on one end when a force (pushing off the ground) is applied on the other end. 25. d. All of the answers are correct. A motor is
used to wind a cable around a pulley in order to raise and lower the car.
26. c. Pumps are used to move liquids through piping systems.
27. c. A compression coil spring is typically placed behind the button. When the but- ton is pressed, the spring is compressed and then springs back to return the but- ton to its original position.
28. b. A wire cutter whose handles are longer than its blades provides the mechanical advantage of a lever.
29. a. A pressure gauge is measured in psi. The other gauges are read in the following units: A depth gauge uses a unit of length such as feet or meters; a speed gauge uses a unit of velocity such as miles per hour (mph) or kilometers per hour (kph); the RPM gauge measures revolutions per minute.
30. d. A faulty thermostat can cause engine overheating. If the thermostat is stuck in the closed position, the coolant cannot circulate and cool the engine.