Disease 2.1 Introduction
Chapter 7: Discussion and Conclusion 7.1 Introduction
7.5 The Micro level
Aún queda un largo camino por recorrer has- ta comprender completamente cómo surge el autismo, cuál es su evolución en las primeras fases del desarrollo y cuál es la mejor manera de solu- cionarlo. El conocimiento científico actual indica que, en la mayoría de los casos, los signos del autismo comienzan a emerger más claramente a partir de los 12 meses, y que es en el segundo año cuando se pueden observar manifestaciones cla- ras del trastorno. Estas manifestaciones consisten en dificultades para la comunicación y para la respuesta social, además de otras manifestaciones como alteraciones en el lenguaje y retraso en el desarrollo cognitivo.
Quedan muchas piezas por encajar en este enorme puzle, y una de ellas es comprender la contribución de la interacción entre las vulnera- bilidades genéticas y ambientales en los procesos de riesgo para el autismo, y también entender el alcance de la plasticidad del cerebro y del com- portamiento para hacer que el desarrollo del niño con riesgo de autismo retorne a la senda del de- sarrollo típico. Pero, a pesar de que la compleji- dad del autismo, tanto en términos de su etiología como por la heterogeneidad de los síntomas, los resultados actuales de investigación sobre la iden-
tificación de indicadores de riesgo, la detección precoz y la atención temprana abren una puerta de esperanza en el futuro. La detección y la inter- vención son cada vez más eficaces y el desafío está ahora en trasladar estos resultados a acciones en la sociedad. Las familias no se pueden quedar so- las cargando, además de con el coste emocional, con el coste organizativo y económico de los tra- tamientos y con los apoyos, que se prolongarán prácticamente durante toda la vida. Por tanto, es necesario investigar para encontrar vías por las que trasladar los resultados de la investigación a acciones de apoyo en el marco de la comunidad. Este será un reto importante para la investigación y el desarrollo de servicios en los próximos años.
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1. INTRODUCCIÓN
El autismo y el resto de trastornos generaliza- dos del desarrollo, también denominados trastor-