Model EMAC Agreements (Selected Provisions)
Article V - Licenses and Permits
Whenever any person holds a license, certificate, or other permit issued by any state party to the compact evidencing the meeting of qualifications for professional, mechanical, or other skills, and when such assistance is requested by the receiving party state, such person shall be deemed licensed, certified, or permitted by the state requesting assistance to render aid involving such skill to meet a declared emergency or disaster, subject to such limitations and conditions as the governor of the requesting state may prescribe by executive order or otherwise.
Article VI - Liability
Officers or employees of a party state rendering aid in another state pursuant to this compact shall be considered agents of the requesting state for tort liability and immunity purposes; and no party state or its officers or
employees rendering aid in another state pursuant to this compact shall be liable on account of any act or omission in good faith on the part of such forces while so engaged or on account of the maintenance or use of any equipment or supplies in connection therewith. Good faith in this article shall not include willful
misconduct, gross negligence, or recklessness. Article VII - Supplementary Agreements
Inasmuch as it is probable that the pattern and detail of the machinery for mutual aid among two or more states may differ from that among the states that are party hereto, this instrument contains elements of a broad base common to all states, and nothing herein contained shall preclude any state from entering into supplementary agreements with another state or affect any other agreements already in force between states. Supplementary agreements may comprehend, but shall not be limited to, provisions for evacuation and reception of injured and other persons and the exchange of medical, fire, police, public utility, reconnaissance, welfare, transportation and communications personnel, and equipment and supplies.
Article VIII - Compensation
Each party state shall provide for the payment of compensation and death benefits to injured members of the emergency forces of that state and representatives of deceased members of such forces in case such members sustain injuries or are killed while rendering aid pursuant to this compact, in the same manner and on the same terms as if the injury or death were sustained within their own state.
A
PPENDIXJ.
Definitions of Occupational Disease for Workers’ Compensation
in ESAR-VHP Phase I-III States
State Definition of “occupational disease” Citation
Alabama “Occupational Disease” is a disease arising out of and in the course of employment, including
occupational pneumoconiosis and occupational exposure to radiation as defined in subdivisions (2) and (3), respectively, of this section, which is due to hazards in excess of those ordinarily incident to employment in general and is peculiar to the occupation in which the employee is engaged but without regard to negligence or fault, if any, of the employer. A disease, including, but not limited to, loss of hearing due to noise, shall be deemed an occupational disease only if caused by a hazard recognized as peculiar to a particular trade, process, occupation, or employment as a direct result of exposure, over a period of time, to the normal working conditions of the trade, process, occupation, or employment.
Ala. Code 1975 § 25-5- 110 (2005)
Alaska "Injury" means accidental injury or death arising out of and in the course of employment, and an occupational disease or infection that arises naturally out of the employment or that naturally or unavoidably results from an accidental injury; "injury" includes breakage or damage to eyeglasses, hearing aids, dentures, or any prosthetic devices that function as part of the body and further includes an injury caused by the willful act of a third person directed against an employee because of the
employment.
Alaska Stat. § 23.30.395 (Michie 2006)
Arizona "Personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of employment" means any of the
following: (a) Personal injury by accident arising out of and in the course of employment; (b) An injury caused by the willful act of a third person directed against an employee because of the employee's employment, but does not include a disease unless resulting from the injury; (c) An occupational disease which is due to causes and conditions characteristic of and peculiar to a particular trade, occupation, process or employment, and not the ordinary diseases to which the general public is exposed, and subject to section 23-901.01.
Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 23- 901 (2005)
Arkansas "Occupational disease", as used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires, means any disease that results in disability or death and arises out of and in the course of the occupation or employment of the employee or naturally follows or unavoidably results from an injury as that term is defined in this chapter. However, a causal connection between the occupation or employment and the occupational disease must be established by a preponderance of the evidence.
Ark. Code Ann. § 11-9- 601 (West 2005) California "Injury" includes any injury or disease arising out of the employment, including injuries to artificial
members, dentures, hearing aids, eyeglasses and medical braces of all types; provided, however, that eyeglasses and hearing aids will not be replaced, repaired, or otherwise compensated for, unless injury to them is incident to an injury causing disability.
Cal. Lab. Code § 3208 (West 2003) Colorado "Occupational disease" means a disease which results directly from the employment or the conditions
under which work was performed, which can be seen to have followed as a natural incident of the work and as a result of the exposure occasioned by the nature of the employment, and which can be fairly traced to the employment as a proximate cause and which does not come from a hazard to which the worker would have been equally exposed outside of the employment.
Colo. Rev. Stat. § 8-40- 201 (2005)
Connecticut “[A]ny disease peculiar to the occupation in which the employee was engaged and due to causes in excess of the ordinary hazards of employment as such, and includes any disease due to or attributable to or contact with any radioactive material in the course of his employment.”
Conn. Gen. Stat. § 28-1 (2005) Delaware "Compensable occupational diseases" includes all occupational diseases arising out of and in the course
of employment only when the exposure stated in connection therewith has occurred during employment.
Del. Code Ann. tit. 19, § 2301 (2005) District of Columbia
In case of pneumoconiosis, such as silicosis and asbestosis, radiation diseases, and any other generally recognized occupational disease, liability for compensation rests with the employer of the last known exposure.
D.C. Code Ann. § 32- 1510 (2005) Florida "Occupational disease" shall be construed to mean only a disease which is due to causes and conditions
which are characteristic of and peculiar to a particular trade, occupation, process, or employment, and to exclude all ordinary diseases of life to which the general public is exposed, unless the incidence of the disease is substantially higher in the particular trade, occupation, process, or employment than for the
Fla. Stat. Ann. § 440.151 (West 2005)
State Definition of “occupational disease” Citation showing that exposure to the specific substance involved, at the levels to which the employee was
exposed, may cause the precise disease sustained by the employee.
Georgia “Occupational disease" means those diseases which arise out of and in the course of the particular trade, occupation, process, or employment in which the employee is exposed to such disease, provided the employee or the employee's dependents first prove to the satisfaction of the State Board of Workers' Compensation all of the following: (A) A direct causal connection between the conditions under which the work is performed and the disease; (B) That the disease followed as a natural incident of exposure by reason of the employment; (C) That the disease is not of a character to which the employee may have had substantial exposure outside of the employment; (D) That the disease is not an ordinary disease of life to which the general public is exposed; (E) That the disease must appear to have had its origin in a risk connected with the employment and to have flowed from that source as a natural consequence.
Ga. Code Ann. § 34-9- 280 (2004)
Hawaii None.
Idaho "Occupational disease" means a disease due to the nature of an employment in which the hazards of such disease actually exist, are characteristic of, and peculiar to the trade, occupation, process, or employment, but shall not include psychological injuries, disorders or conditions unless the conditions set forth in section 72-451, Idaho Code, are met.
Idaho Code § 72-102 (Michie 2006) Illinois
In this Act the term “Occupational Disease” means a disease arising out of and in the course of the employment or which has become aggravated and rendered disabling as a result of the exposure of the employment. Such aggravation shall arise out of a risk peculiar to or increased by the employment and not common to the general public.
A disease shall be deemed to arise out of the employment if there is apparent to the rational mind, upon consideration of all the circumstances, a causal connection between the conditions under which the work is performed and the occupational disease. The disease need not to have been foreseen or expected but after its contraction it must appear to have had its origin or aggravation in a risk connected with the employment and to have flowed from that source as a rational consequence.
An employee shall be conclusively deemed to have been exposed to the hazards of an occupational disease when, for any length of time however short, he or she is employed in an occupation or process in which the hazard of the disease exists; provided however, that in a claim of exposure to atomic radiation, the fact of such exposure must be verified by the records of the central registry of radiation exposure maintained by the Department of Public Health or by some other recognized governmental agency maintaining records of such exposures whenever and to the extent that the records are on file with the Department of Public Health or the agency.
Any disease or death of an employee arising from the administration of a vaccine to the employee as part of a voluntary inoculation program sponsored or recommended by the employee's employer or in connection with any governmental program or recommendation for the inoculation of workers in the employee's occupation, geographical area, or other category that includes the employee is deemed to arise out of and in the course of employment for all purposes under this Act.
820 Ill. Comp. Stat. 310/1 (2005)
Indiana "Occupational disease" means a disease arising out of and in the course of the employment. Ordinary diseases of life to which the general public is exposed outside of the employment shall not be
compensable, except where such diseases follow as an incident of an occupational disease as defined in this section. Ind. Code Ann. § 22-3- 7-10 (Michie 2006) Iowa “Occupational diseases” shall be only those diseases which arise out of and in the course of the
employee's employment. Such diseases shall have a direct causal connection with the employment and must have followed as a natural incident thereto from injurious exposure occasioned by the nature of the employment. Such disease must be incidental to the character of the business, occupation or process in which the employee was employed and not independent of the employment. Such disease need not have been foreseen or expected but after its contraction it must appear to have had its origin in a risk
connected with the employment and to have resulted from that source as an incident and rational consequence. A disease which follows from a hazard to which an employee has or would have been equally exposed outside of said occupation is not compensable as an occupational disease.
Iowa Code § 85A.8 (2005)
State Definition of “occupational disease” Citation Kansas "Occupational disease" shall mean only a disease arising out of and in the course of the employment
resulting from the nature of the employment in which the employee was engaged under such employer, and which was actually contracted while so engaged. "Nature of the employment" shall mean, for purposes of this section, that to the occupation, trade or employment in which the employee was engaged, there is attached a particular and peculiar hazard of such disease which distinguishes the employment from other occupations and employments, and which creates a hazard of such disease which is in excess of the hazard of such disease in general. The disease must appear to have had its origin in a special risk of such disease connected with the particular type of employment and to have resulted from that source as a reasonable consequence of the risk. Ordinary diseases of life and conditions to which the general public is or may be exposed to outside of the particular employment, and hazards of diseases and conditions attending employment in general, shall not be compensable as occupational diseases.
Kan. Stat. Ann. § 44- 5a01 (2006)
Kentucky "Occupational disease" means a disease arising out of and in the course of the employment. An occupational disease as defined in this chapter shall be deemed to arise out of the employment if there is apparent to the rational mind, upon consideration of all the circumstances, a causal connection between the conditions under which the work is performed and the occupational disease, and which can be seen to have followed as a natural incident to the work as a result of the exposure occasioned by the nature of the employment and which can be fairly traced to the employment as the proximate cause. The occupational disease shall be incidental to the character of the business and not independent of the relationship of employer and employee. An occupational disease need not have been foreseen or expected but, after its contraction, it must appear to be related to a risk connected with the employment and to have flowed from that source as a rational consequence.
Ky. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 342.0011 (West 2005)
Louisiana An “occupational disease” means only that disease or illness which is due to causes and conditions characteristic of and peculiar to the particular trade, occupation, process, or employment in which the employee is exposed to such disease. Occupational disease shall include injuries due to work-related carpal tunnel syndrome. Degenerative disc disease, spinal stenosis, arthritis of any type, mental illness, and heart-related or perivascular disease are specifically excluded from the classification of an
occupational disease for the purpose of this Section.
La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 23:1031.1 (West 2005)
Maine [T]he term "occupational disease" means any abnormal condition or disorder, including an occupational injury, caused by exposure to environmental factors associated with employment. Occupational diseases include the following: Asbestosis; mesothelioma; silicosis; and exposure to heavy metals. Reporting of other occupational diseases may be required only by departmental rules.
[T]he term "occupational disease" means only a disease that is due to causes and conditions
characteristic of a particular trade, occupation, process or employment and that arises out of and in the course of employment. Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 22, § 1491 (West 2006) Me. Rev. Stat. Ann. tit. 39-A, § 603 (West 2006) Maryland "Accidental personal injury" means:
(1) an accidental injury that arises out of and in the course of employment;
(2) an injury caused by a willful or negligent act of a third person directed against a covered employee in the course of the employment of the covered employee; or
(3) a disease or infection that naturally results from an accidental injury that arises out of and in the course of employment, including: (i) an occupational disease; and (ii) frostbite or sunstroke caused by a weather condition.
"Occupational disease" means a disease contracted by a covered employee: (1) as the result of and in the course of employment; and (2) that causes the covered employee to become temporarily or permanently, partially or totally incapacitated.
MD Code, Labor and Employment , § 9-101 (2005)
Massachusetts “Personal injury” [in Workers Compensation statute], “includes infectious or contagious diseases if the nature of the employment is such that the hazard of contracting such diseases by an employee is inherent in the employment.”
"Industrial disease" or "occupational disease", any ailment or disease caused by the nature or circumstances of the employment.
Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 152, §1
Michigan "Personal injury" shall include a disease or disability which is due to causes and conditions which are characteristic of and peculiar to the business of the employer and which arises out of and in the course of
Mich. Comp. Laws
State Definition of “occupational disease” Citation not limited to heart and cardiovascular conditions, shall be compensable if contributed to or aggravated
or accelerated by the employment in a significant manner. Mental disabilities shall be compensable when arising out of actual events of employment, not unfounded perceptions thereof. A hernia to be
compensable must be clearly recent in origin and result from a strain arising out of and in the course of the employment and be promptly reported to the employer.
(2005)
Minnesota "Occupational disease" means a disease arising out of and in the course of employment peculiar to the occupation in which the employee is engaged and due to causes in excess of the hazards ordinary of employment and shall include undulant fever. Ordinary diseases of life to which the general public is equally exposed outside of employment are not compensable, except where the diseases follow as an incident of an occupational disease, or where the exposure peculiar to the occupation makes the disease an occupational disease hazard. A disease arises out of the employment only if there be a direct causal connection between the conditions under which the work is performed and if the occupational disease follows as a natural incident of the work as a result of the exposure occasioned by the nature of the employment. An employer is not liable for compensation for any occupational disease which cannot be traced to the employment as a direct and proximate cause and is not recognized as a hazard characteristic of and peculiar to the trade, occupation, process, or employment or which results from a hazard to which the worker would have been equally exposed outside of the employment.
Minn. Stat. § 176.011
Mississippi "Injury" means accidental injury or accidental death arising out of and in the course of employment