Naturally-ventilated buildings: Where openable windows/ventilators are over 10m from sources of external pollution

Mat 5 - Responsible Sourcing of Materials Wst 1 - Construction Site Waste Management

2. Naturally-ventilated buildings: Where openable windows/ventilators are over 10m from sources of external pollution

3. In addition to the specific BREEAM criteria above, the building has been designed to provide fresh air rates to dilute pollutants in accordance with national best practice guidelines

4. Areas of the building subject to large and unpredictable or variable occupancy patterns such as shops and leisure buildings have CO2 or air quality sensors specified and:

a. In mechanically ventilated spaces, the sensor(s) are linked to the mechanical ventilation system and provide demand-controlled ventilation to the space.

b. In naturally ventilated spaces, the sensors either have the ability to alert the building

owner/manager when CO2 levels exceed the recommended set point, or are linked to controls with the ability to adjust the quantity of fresh air, i.e. automatic opening windows/roof vents.

Compliance Notes

New Build There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to new-build projects.

Refurbishment There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to refurbishment projects.

Extensions to existing buildings

There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to the assessment of extensions to existing buildings.

Shell Only There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to shell-only projects.

Fit Out only There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to fit out-only projects.

Scope of the assessment criteria – industrial buildings

For industrial buildings the criteria apply only to the staff office areas and not the operational area. If the building does not contain any office areas, the BREEAM assessor’s spreadsheet tool will filter this issue from the list of applicable credits.

No. of credits

available Issue Title Minimum Standards

Ret Off Ind P G VG E O

1 1 1

Hea 8 - Indoor Air Quality

- - - - -

BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009 Hea 8 Indoor air quality 81

If the building being assessed contains office space that totals <500m²then this BREEAM issue does not need to be assessed as a standalone issue. The criteria for this issue form a part of BREEAM issue Hea 14 ‘Office Space’. The aim of Hea 14 is to recognise relevant Health & Wellbeing issues in buildings with a small amount of office space, ensuring the issues are weighted relative to the overall proportion of the building and users who utilise this type of space.

Local or national best practice ventilation standards

Please refer to the country specific reference sheet to locate the appropriate best practice ventilation guidance in the country of assessment.

Alternatively, compliance can be demonstrated as follows;

· The minimum requirements as set out in Checklist A10 are covered by the proposed documents.

· Fresh air is provided in office areas in accordance with the medium indoor air quality levels recommended in table A 11 of EN 13779 ie between 10 and15 litres per second per person and at a rate of at least 8 litres per second per person in all other spaces.

Where appropriate ventilation standards do no exist for a country, the design team should demonstrate compliance with the European Standard mentioned above.

Measuring the

distance The distance requirement does not necessarily mean the plan distance, but the three dimensional distance around and over objects; e.g. on plan the air intakes may be less than 20m from a source of external pollution, but the intake may be on the roof of a 10 storey building and therefore over 20m from the source of pollution.

Sources of external pollution

This includes the following:

· Highways and the main access roads on the assessed site.

· Car parks and delivery/vehicle waiting bays

· Other building exhausts, including from building services plant industrial/agricultural processes

Excluded

sources Service and access roads with restricted and infrequent access (for example roads used only for waste collection) are unlikely to represent a significant source of external pollution. These roads can therefore be excluded from the criteria of this issue. This does not include vehicle pick-up/drop-off or waiting bays.

Filters It must be noted that filters fitted on the air supply are not considered by BREEAM to provide adequate protection from sources of external pollution. As such the distance criteria cannot be relaxed where filters are specified.

Areas with a large and unpredictable occupancy

The following are examples of these types of spaces:

· Auditoria

· Gyms

· Retail stores/malls

· Cinemas

· Waiting rooms

Where the assessed building does not have any areas deemed to be large with an unpredictable pattern of occupancy, the fourth BREEAM requirement does not apply.

Schedule of Evidence Required

Req. Design Stage Post Construction Stage

82 Hea 8 Indoor air quality BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009

1&2 A marked-up proposed site plan highlighting:

· Locations of intakes, extracts, openable windows, ventilators

· Any existing or proposed sources of external pollution.

Assessor’s building/site inspection and as built drawings confirming:

· Locations of intakes, extracts, openable windows, ventilators

· Proximity of any sources of external pollution to the above.

3 Design team calculations and/or

performance specification criteria confirming:

· The fresh air rate set for each space

· That the fresh air rate can be met using the chosen strategy

· The relevant standard(s) to which the design is in accordance with.

Where applicable, confirmation that the minimum requirements as set out in Checklist A10 have been met and that the fresh air rate is within the range specified in table 11 of EN 13779.

For a naturally ventilated building, a formal letter of declaration from the design team or main contractor confirming the building has been built in accordance with a design compliant with the BREEAM criteria.

For a mechanically ventilated building, the commissioning manager’s performance testing report confirming:

· Air quality monitoring sensors

· How these boost ventilation when set points are triggered.

Assessor’s building/site inspection and as built drawings confirming:

· Installation of air quality sensors.

· The sensors boost ventilation when set points are triggered

Additional Information Relevant definitions

Occupied space: Refer to BREEAM issue Hea 1.

BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009 Hea 9 Volatile Organic Compounds 83

Aim

To recognise and encourage a healthy internal environment through the specification of internal finishes and fittings with low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Assessment Criteria

The following demonstrates compliance:

1. All decorative paints and varnishes have been tested against EN ISO 11890-2:2006 Paints and varnishes. Determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content. Gas-chromatographic method and meet the phase II maximum VOC content limit values set in Annex II of Decorative relevant standards outlined in the table below for Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions.

Table 11 VOC criteria by product type

Product European Standard Emission level required

Wood Panels

· Particleboard,

· Fibreboard including MDF,

· OSB,

· Cement-bonded particleboard

· Plywood

· Solid wood panel and acoustic board

· Glued laminated timber EN 14080:2005 Formaldehyde E1 (Testing req 1) Wood flooring

· e.g. parquet flooring EN 14342:2005 Formaldehyde E1(Testing req 1) Verify that regulated wood preservatives are absent and of the minimum content.

Resilient, textile and laminated Floor

coverings EN 14041:2004 Formaldehyde E1(Testing req 1)

Verify that regulated No. of credits

available Issue Title Minimum Standards

Ret Off Ind P G VG E O

1 1 1

Hea 9 - Volatile Organic Compounds

- - - - -

84 Hea 8 Indoor air quality BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009

· Vinyl/linoleum

· Cork and rubber

· Carpet

· Laminated wood flooring

preservatives are absent and of the minimum content.

Suspended ceiling tiles EN 13964:2004 Formaldehyde E1 (Testing req 1) No asbestos.

Flooring adhesives EN 13999-1:2007 Verify that carcinogenic or sensitising volatile substances are absent (Testing req. 2-4).

Wall-coverings

· Finished wallpapers

· Wall vinyl’s and plastic wall-coverings

· Wallpapers for subsequent decoration.

· Heavy duty wall-coverings

· Textile wall-coverings

EN 233:1999 EN 234:1989 EN 259:2001 EN 266:1992

Formaldehyde (testing req. 5) and Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) (testing req. 5) release should be low and within the EN standard for the material.

Verify that the migration of heavy metals(5) and other toxic substances are within the EN standard for the material.

Testing requirement:

1. EN 717-1:2004

2. EN 13999-2:2007 - Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) 3. EN 13999-3:2007 - Volatile aldehydes

4. EN 13999-4:2007 - Volatile diisocyanates 5. EN 12149:1997

Compliance Notes

New Build There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to new-build projects.

Refurbishment There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to refurbishment projects.

Extensions to

existing buildings There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to the assessment of extensions to existing buildings.

Shell Only Compliance with this BREEAM issue can be demonstrated via one of the following means in shell only buildings/areas:

· Option 1 – Use of a tenancy lease agreement between the developer and tenant/s (full value of available credits)

· Option 2 – A Green Building Guide for tenant fit outs (half the value of the available credits)

· Option 3 – Developer/Tenant collaboration (full value of available credits) Where compliance with the assessment criteria cannot be demonstrated the available credits must be withheld (option 4).

Refer to the Scope section 2.2 Types of project that can be assessed using BREEAM (Shell and Core / Speculative Assessments) for further description of the above options.

Fit Out only There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to shell-only assessments.

Furnishings The scope of this BREEAM issue does not extend to furnishings e.g.

desks/shelving, it focuses on the key internal finishes and fittings integral to the building.

BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009 Hea 9 Volatile Organic Compounds 85

Relevant

standards All standards outlined in the table above are standards recognised across Europe for VOCs content. These are the only standards that will be accepted by BREEAM Europe for the purposes of assessing this issue – these cannot be substituted by local standards.

Schedule of Evidence Required

Req. Design Stage Post Construction Stage

1 & 2 A copy of the relevant specification clause

· The VOC emissions achieved

· The VOC emissions meet the required

VOCs are emitted by a wide array of products numbering in the thousands. Examples include: paints and lacquers, paint strippers, cleaning supplies, pesticides, building materials and furnishings, glues and adhesives, Urea-formaldehyde foam insulation (UFFI), pressed wood products (hardwood plywood wall panelling, particleboard, fibreboard) and furniture made with these pressed wood products.

‘No’ or ‘low’ VOC paints are available from most standard mainstream paint manufacturers. There ‘eco-friendly’ paints are made from organic plant sources and also powdered milk-based products. The emissions of VOCs from paints and varnishes are regulated by the Directive 2004/42/CE, implemented in the UK by the Volatile Organic Compounds in Paints, Varnishes and Vehicle Refinishing Products Regulation 2005. Products containing high organic solvent content should also be avoided (EU VOC Solvent Directive 1999/13/EC).

Wood products that contain phenol-formaldehyde (PF) generally emit formaldehyde at considerably lower rates than those containing urea-formaldehyde (UF). Although formaldehyde is present in both types of resins, pressed woods that contain PF would be preferable to those containing UF resin.

Exposure risk assessment of any possible release of chemicals from manufactured products and their possible impact on health and the environment generally, is an important requirement of European regulations. The possible impact of a building product on indoor air quality is included in the European Construction Products Directive, 89/106/EEC. The amended Directive, 93/68/EEC provided the criteria for CE Marking of products.

Products to be fitted in buildings should not contain any substances regulated by the Dangerous Substances Directive 2004/42/CE, which could cause harm to people by inhalation or contact. Materials containing heavy metals (e.g. antimony, barium, cadmium, lead and mercury) and other toxic elements (e.g. arsenic, chromium and selenium) or regulated biocides (e.g. pentachlorophenol) should be avoided.

Various labelling schemes identify products that have been tested and shown to be low emitting and these have been summarised in BRE Digest 464².

Dangerous substances are defined in the Dangerous Substances Directive (67/548/EEC)

86 Hea 10 Thermal comfort BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009

Aim

To ensure, with the use of design tools, that appropriate thermal comfort levels are achieved.

Assessment Criteria

The following demonstrates compliance:

One credit

1. An analytical measurement and evaluation of the thermal comfort levels of the building has been carried out using the PMV (predicted mean vote) and PPD (predicted percentage of dissatisfied) indices in accordance with EN ISO 7730:2005 Ergonomics of the thermal environment – analytical determination and interpretation of thermal comfort using calculation of the PMV and PPD indices and local thermal comfort criteria.

2. Local thermal comfort criteria have been used to determine the level of thermal comfort in the building; in particular internal winter and summer temperature ranges will be in line with the recommended comfort criteria within EN ISO 7730; 2005 with no areas falling within the levels defined as representing local dissatisfaction.

3. Thermal comfort levels in occupied spaces meet the Category B requirements set out in Annex A of EN ISO 7730.

Two credits

1. Thermal modelling has been carried out aimed at optimising thermal comfort.

2. The modelling is used to guide the following design decisions (that influence thermal comfort levels);

a. Basic building form and orientation b. Internal layout

c. Exploiting the effect of trees and building overshading on solar heat gain and shielding effects on transmission losses

d. Balancing the maximisation of daylight for reduced lighting energy use against increased cooling loads and thermal comfort levels

e. Checking for overheating risk.

3. Thermal comfort levels in occupied spaces meet the requirements local thermal comfort criteria; in particular internal winter and summer temperature ranges will be in line with the recommended comfort criteria.

4. The software used to carry out the simulation at the detailed design stage must provide full dynamic thermal analysis. For smaller and more basic building designs an alternative less complex means of analysis may be appropriate (further guidance can be found in CIBSE AM11 “Building energy and environmental modelling” ^[3]).

Note: those two credits are independent from the first one being achieved.

No. of credits

available Issue Title Minimum Standards

Ret Off Ind P G VG E O

2 2 2

Hea 10 - Thermal Comfort

- - - - -

BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009 Hea 10 Thermal comfort 87

Compliance Notes

New Build There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to new-build projects.

Refurbishment There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to refurbishment projects.

Extensions to

existing buildings Where the existing building falls within the scope of the assessment, then the criteria extend to all occupied spaces of the new and existing building. If only the new extension is being assessed then the criteria apply to the occupied areas of the new building.

Shell Only Thermal modelling completed on the basis of a notional layout will be acceptable. Alternatively, compliance with this BREEAM issue can be demonstrated via one of the following means in shell only buildings/areas:

· Option 1 – Use of a tenancy lease agreement between the developer and tenant/s (full value of available credits)

· Option 2 – A Green Building Guide for tenant fit outs (half the value of the available credits)

Refer to the Scope section 2.2 Types of project that can be assessed using BREEAM (Shell and Core / Speculative Assessments) for further description of the above options.

Fit Out Only There are no additional or different criteria to those outlined above specific to the assessment of fit out-only projects.

Local or national thermal comfort criteria

Please refer to the country specific reference sheet to locate the appropriate best practice thermal comfort guidance in the country of assessment.

Where appropriate thermal comfort criteria do no exist for a country, the design team should demonstrate compliance with Annex A of EN 15251:2007.

Buildings with office space

<500m2 (industrial only)

Allocation of

credits The maximum number of credits can only be awarded where a detailed thermal analysis is carried out at early design stage in order to take the

thermal comfort issue into account within the design. This is the second option set out above. Where the first option has been followed to check that

adequate thermal comfort levels have been designed for the building it is only possible to award one credit.

Buildings with

airconditioning For the second credit to be awarded, modelling is required in any case even for new air-conditioned buildings which are likely to be designed to achieve thermal comfort levels. This is to ensure that the building has been designed to minimise the demands on the system before the cooling system is specified.

Schedule of Evidence Required

88 Hea 10 Thermal comfort BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009

Req. Design Stage Post Construction Stage

One credit

All A copy of the report confirming:

· A thermal comfort analysis has been undertaken in accordance with EN ISO 7730:2005

· Thermal comfort criteria used to carry out the assessment demonstrating thermal comfort levels in compliance with Annex A of EN ISO 7730:2005.

Formal written confirmation from the design team confirming:

· No changes have occurred since design stage thermal comfort

assessment was carried out, therefore design stage evidence demonstrates compliance at the post construction stage.

Where changes have occurred, an updated copy of the results from the modelling demonstrating the internal temperatures in compliance with the relevant standards.

Two credits

All A copy of the report confirming:

· A thermal comfort modelling has been undertaken

· Indicative examples of how the modelling has been used in the design undertaken and influence the design.

· The requirements for thermal comfort analysis.

A copy of the results from the modelling demonstrating thermal comfort levels in compliance with Annex A of EN 15251:2007

Formal written confirmation from the design team confirming:

No changes have occurred since design stage thermal comfort assessment was carried out, therefore design stage evidence demonstrates compliance at the post construction stage.

Where changes have occurred, an updated copy of the results from the modelling demonstrating the internal temperatures in compliance with the relevant standards.

Additional Information Relevant definitions

Occupied space: For the purpose of this BREEAM issue an occupied space is a room or space within the assessed building that is likely to be occupied for 30 minutes or more by a building user. The definition excludes the following:

a. Atria/concourses

b. Entrance halls/reception areas

c. Ancillary space e.g. circulation areas, storerooms and plantrooms

BREEAM Europe Commercial 2009 Hea 10 Thermal comfort 89

Predicted Mean Vote: the PMV is an index that predicts the mean value of the votes of a large group of persons on the 7-point thermal sensation scale based on the heat balance of the human body.

Thermal balance is obtained when the internal heat production in the body is equal to the loss of heat to the environment.

Table 12 Seven-point thermal sensation scale

+ 3 Hot

+2 Warm

+1 Slightly warm

0 Neutral

-1 Slightly cool

-2 Cool

-3 Cold

Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied: the PPD is an index that establishes a quantitative prediction of the percentage of thermally dissatisfied people who feel too cool or too warm; for the purposes of EN ISO 7730, thermally dissatisfied people are those who will vote hot, warm, cool or cold.

In document SD 5066A: ISSUE 1.1 BREEAM (Page 80-95)