The nectary was not known even by name, until we defined it.
182. The stamens and the calyx, being much less liable to extravagancies, are far more definite than the petals.
There are many corollas that differ in shape within the same genus.
The Vacciniums, Pyrolas, Andromedas, Nicotianas, Menyanthes, Primulas, Veronicas, Gentianas, Hyacinthi, Scabiosas, and Narcissi.
There are corollas that differ in number in a distinct species:
Ranunculus with five petals and with many petals.
Orchis and Satyrium.
Monotropa, Fumaria, and Viola.
Malpighia and Bannisteria, Adenanthera and Commelina.
Laurus and Helxine.
Dictamnus.
Zygophyllum.
Swertia.
Lilium and Fritillaria.
Hydrophyllum.
Ranunculus.
Hermannia.
Berberis.
Staphylea.
Passiflora.
Narcissus and Pancratium.
Mirabilis.
Nerium.
Stapelia and Asclepias.
Diosma.
Campanula and Plumbago.
Hyacinthus.
Rhododendrum.
Cheiranthus and Sinapis.
Kiggelaria and Clutia.
Aquilegia.
Nigella.
Aconitum.
Parnassia.
Epimedium.
Theobroma.
Reseda.
Grewia.
Helleborus and Isopyrum.
Tropaeolum and Impatiens.
Helleborus with five petals and with many.
Statice with five petals and with a single petal.
Fumaria with two petals and with four.
There are corollas that differ in number within the same species:
Carica and Jatropha.
183. It has been shown by countless examples that the structure of the pericarp (92), as described by our botanical predecessors, is less valid than they thought.
Very many contrived genera have been built up on the foundation of the fruit, and introduced without any regard for sound theory.
A Clandestina T. with elastic fruit would not be an Anblatum T.
A Trollius R. with many-capsuled fruit would not be a Helleborus.
A Sesamoides T. with many-capsuled fruit would not be a Reseda.
A Lycopersicon T. with many-chambered fruit would not be a Solanum.
An Ascyrum T. with five-chambered fruit would not be a Hypericum.
A Dortmanna R. with two-chambered fruit would not be a Rapuntium T.
A Helianthemum T. with single-chambered fruit would not be a Cistus.
An Androsaemum T. with single-chambered fruit would not be a Hypericum.
A Pavia B. with single-chambered fruit would not be an Aesculus.
An Asarina T. with single-valved fruit would not be an Antirrhinum.
An Elatine D. with fruit dehiscent at the side would not be an Antirrhinum.
A Nelumbo T. with fruit pierced at the tip would not be a Nymphaea.
A Raphanistrum T. with jointed fruit would not be a Raphanus.
A Cakile T. with jointed fruit would not be a Bunias.
An Ulmaria T. with twisted fruit would not be a Filipendula.
A Persica T. with succulent fruit would not be an Amygdalus.
A Cassia T. with succulent fruit would not be a Senna T.
An Inga P. with succulent fruit would not be an Acacia T.
A Malvaviscus D. with succulent fruit would not be a Hibiscus.
A Lobelia P. with drupe-like fruit would not be a Rapuntium T.
A Pereskia P. with leafy fruit would not be a Cactus.
A Sabina B. with warty fruit would not be a Juniperus.
A Bihai P. with three-seeded fruit would not be a Musa.
An Alaternus T. with three-seeded fruit would not be a Rhamnus.
A Frangula T. with two-seeded fruit would not be a Rhamnus.
A Dracunculus B. with single-seeded fruit would not be a Haemanthus.
An Onobrychis T. with single-seeded fruit would not be a Hedysarum.
A Malvinia D. with uninflated fruit would not be an Abutilon T.
A Cysticapnos B. with inflated fruit would not be a Fumaria.
An Impatiens R. with attenuated fruit would not be a Balsamina T.
A Guazuma P. with net-like fruit would not be a Cacao T.
A Paliurus T. with shield-shaped fruit would not be a Rhamnus.
An Alisma D. with fruit without horns would not be a Damasonium T.
A Securidaca T. with sword-shaped fruit would not be a Coronilla.
A Melo T. with egg-shaped fruit would not be a Cucumis.
A Melopepo T. with grooved fruit would not be a Cucurbita.
A Rapistrum T. with fruit that is not dehiscent would not be a Crambe.
A Radicula T. with fruit like a silicle would not be a Sisymbrium.
A Blattaria T. with rounder fruit would not be a Verbascum.
A Persea P. with fruit pulpy all round would not be a Laurus.
A Cururi P. with fruit bearing seed at the tip would not be a Seriana P.
A Bursa pastoris T. with fruit that is not margined would not be a Thlaspi.
A Nasturtium T. with margined fruit would not be a Lepidium.
A Valerianella T. with fruit without a pappus would not be a Valeriana.
An Anemonoides D. with uncovered seeds would not be an Anemone.
A Eupatoriophalacrum V. with uncovered seeds would not be a Verbesina.
A Leontodontoides V. with seeds almost uncovered would not be a Hyoseris.
An Atractylis V. with seeds with a scarcely apparent corona would not be a Carthamus.
A Carthamoides V. with seeds that have a pappus would not be a Carthamus.
A Zazintha T. with seeds that have a pappus would not be a Lapsana.
An Alypum N. with seeds that have a pappus would not be a Globularia.
A Xeranthemoides with a feathery pappus would not be a Xeranthemum.
An Asteropterus V. with a feathery pappus would not be an Aster.
An Acarna V. with a feathery pappus would not be a Cnicus.
An Achyrophorus V. with a feathery pappus would not be a Hypochaeris.
A Carlinoides V. with a scarcely apparent pappus would not be a Carlina.
A Viticella D. with tail-pointed seeds would not be a Clematis.
A Nymphoides T. with seeds that have arils would not be a Menyanthes.
A Karatas P. with seeds without arils would not be a Bromelia.
A Tragopogonoides V. with seeds curved inwards would not be a Tragopogon.
A Tinus T. with pear-shaped seeds would not be a Viburnum.
An Opulus T. with heart-shaped seeds would not be a Viburnum.
A Persicaria T. with triangular seeds would not be a Polygonum.
An Emerus T. with cylindrical seeds would not be a Coronilla.
A Foeniculum T. with thick seeds would not be an Anethum.
A Lens T,. with lens-shaped7seeds would not be a Cicer.
A Pepo T. with leaves that are not emarginate would not be a Cucurbita.
A Falcaria D. with slender seeds would not be a Sium.
A Cerinthoides B. with 4 separate seeds would not be a Cerinthe.
A Blaeria H. with prickly seeds would not be a Sherardia.
184. Luxuriant flowers (119), eunuchs (150), and mutilated flowers (119),
being abnormalities, do not count in the establishment of the genera.
If full flowers were admitted as a character, then no number of petals could be assigned to a great number of plants, and in a great number of characters the stamens would be excluded.
Mutilated flowers (119) exclude the corolla, so that even, for instance, in the
characters of Campanula, Ipomoea, Ruellia, etc., Section 119, the corolla would be excluded, contrary to the nature of all the rest of the species.