BASIC STUDY GUIDE FOR VENTILATION SYSTEM
3.10 NOISE AND VIBRATION
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3.10.1 Noise
The noise levels for the equipment e.g. skid-mounted chiller, compressor, fan and base frame with motor, AHU, pump with base frame and motor etc. may be checked from vendor catalogues. The allowable noise levels for various areas are given in Table 34, Chapter 47, ASHRAE Handbook–HVAC Applications, 2003-Edition. Necessary sound attenuators or acoustic lining of ducting and plant room shall be specified, if necessary, to meet the above criteria.
3.10.2 Vibration
The acceptable vibration level of all major equipment shall be specified in the respective enquiry document. Unless specified otherwise by client or the process collaborator, the vibration level of an equipment shall be specified as “B” as per ISO 10816-1. Vibration isolators having an isolation efficiency of at least 70% shall be specified for the equipment wherever required for the system design.
4.0 FIRE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
As per National Building Code (NBC), a building having height more than 15 metres above the surrounding ground level is called a High Rise Building. Following requirements need to be incorporated while designing ventilation system for such a building. While these requirements are mandatory for High Rise buildings, it is advisable to follow these for any building.
4.1 Ventilation system fans except propeller type wall mounted exhaust fans shall be interlocked with fire detection and alarm system such that in case of fire, ventilation fans shall stop automatically. In case of fire, exhaust fans shall continue to operate, if designed to exhaust the smoke from fire into the atmosphere.
4.2 Wherever the ventilation system duct pass through fire wall or floor, the opening around the ducts shall be sealed with fire resisting materials such as asbestos rope, vermiculite concrete or other suitable materials.
4.3 Wherever the ventilation system duct pass through fire wall or floor, fire damper shall be provided in the ducting. The fire damper actuators may be fusible link, pneumatically operated, electric motor or solenoid operated. Solenoid operated dampers being economical are generally preferred due to their reliability and facility for interlocking with fire detection and alarm system, so as to shut the damper in case of fire.
4.4 Staircases shall be ventilated to the atmosphere at each landing i.e. at each floor level and at the topmost level. Minimum free area of 0.5 M2 shall be provided in the external wall at each landing i.e. at each floor and at the topmost level.
4.5 If the staircase can not be ventilated to the atmosphere, because of the location or other
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reasons like internal staircase within the building, forced ventilation shall be provided.
Positive pressure of 5 mm WG shall be maintained inside the staircase. The mechanism of pressurising the staircase shall operate automatically with the fire alarm. It shall also be possible to manually operate the pressurisation.
4.6 Doors for the staircases or stairwells shall be of auto-shut type and shall have 2 hour fire resistance.
4.7 If the lift shaft and the lift lobby are in the core of the building, a positive pressure of 2.5 to 3 mm WG shall be maintained in the lobby and 5 mmWG in the lift shaft. The mechanism of pressurising shall operate automatically with the fire alarm. It shall also be possible to manually operate the pressurisation.
4.8 Each basement floor shall have independent ventilation system. Exhaust from each basement floor shall be vented to atmosphere and shall not be connected to exhaust of any other area.
4.9 For multi-storey basements natural fresh air or common fan with ducts may be provided for supply air. However, exhaust system for each basement floor shall be independent.
4.10 For exhaust ventilation of internal toilets a minimum of 4 M2 shaft shall be provided. This shaft shall be open to atmosphere at the topmost level.
5.0 OPERATION AND CONTROL SCHEME
Brief description of operation and control scheme of the proposed system shall be included in the basic study. Project instrument engineer may be consulted, if necessary.
6.0 EQUIPMENT AND ELECTRICAL LOAD LIST
An appendix covering all equipment like fans, filters, air washers, pumps etc., with equipment tag numbers, name/title/designation, major parameters, materials of construction and estimated ratings of motor and other electric equipment shall be furnished in tabular form. Requirements such as fume resistant and anti-corrosive paint for fans, motors, panels, equipment or structure in battery or chlorination rooms or areas where corrosive fumes are expected, shall be specifically indicated in the equipment list. Motor ratings may be calculated as per the relevant design guides.
7.0 UTILITY AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS
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7.1 Requirement of utilities like steam, soft or filtered make-up water and instrument air with the design parameters like flow rates, pressure, temperature and quality required at the battery limit of the system shall be indicated in tabular form.
7.2 The space requirements and clear height for ventilation equipment plant rooms, and for routing of ducting and piping etc. shall be indicated. The space requirements shall consider the operations and maintenance space for fans e.g. space requirements at fan inlet as per AMCA, filters, air-washers and pumps etc. Requirements of hoists, cranes and monorails shall also be included. Preferably, a sketch giving the plant room layout shall be included.
8.0 PROCUREMENT STRATEGY
Proposed procurement strategy with number of enquiries and the scope for each shall be clearly indicated.
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APPENDIX 1
LIST OF AREAS NORMALLY VENTILATED 1. Operating areas like main station building, tripper floor, TG area etc.
2. Electrical sub-station building, switch-gear room and cable vault
3. Areas having high equipment load such as fuel oil heater sheds, manufacturing areas, welding booths, foundries, boiler houses, kitchens, diesel generator room etc.
4. Water treatment plant areas inclusive of DM water plant, chlorination room etc.
5. All control rooms including those for electrostatic precipitator, switchyard, ash handling, coal yard etc. (These areas are sometimes air-conditioned.)
6. Areas where contaminants like fumes or dust are present or are generated, like battery rooms, coal conveyor tunnels, machine shops, weld shops, etc.
7. All pump houses
8. All machine or equipment rooms like elevator machine room, compressor room, air-conditioning plant room, hydrogen generation station, electrostatic precipitator rectifier room etc.
9. Service building inclusive of office areas, workshop, welding and smithy, instrument maintenance, stores, warehouses, locker rooms, canteen etc.
10. Toilets NOTES
1. Some of the areas mentioned above may be located in one building or house.
2. For power plants evaporative cooling is normally provided for the main station building and electrostatic precipitator rectifying room.
3. Each project shall be reviewed individually and ventilation for the areas decided accordingly.
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APPENDIX 2
OUTSIDE DESIGN CONDITIONS OF IMPORTANT CITIES OF INDIA
(SOURCE: DB, WB And LAT. from Voltas Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineer’s Handbook-I, 1995 Edition. RH (%) read from ASHRAE Psychrometric Chart No. 1. Daily Range and Altitude from ISHRAE HVAC Handbook 1997 Part I
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0N
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APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0N
)
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R3 Goa
0F
0C 9 5.00
90 32.2
82 27.8 Apr
70 84
28.9 81 27.2
Jun
88 65
18.3 60 15.6
Jan
76 15.25 62 Guwahati
0F
0C 11 6.11
90 32.2
78 25.6 Apr
59 88
31.1 82 27.8
Jul
78 52
11.1 47 8.3 Jan
70 26.11 55
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APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0N
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R3 Kurnool
0F
0C 23 12.78
108 42.2
80 26.7 May
30 93
33.9 81 27.2 Sep
60 60
15.6 53 11.7 Dec
62 15.50 281
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APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0N
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R3 Raipur
0F
0C 25 13.89
110 43.3
77 25.0 May
22 92
33.3 83 28.3
Jul
68 50
10.0 45 7.2 Dec
70 21.14 298
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APPENDIX 2 (CONTD.)
SUMMER MONSOON WINTER LAT(0N
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R3 Visakhapatnam 0F
0C 11 6.11
92 33.3
82 27.8 May
65 87
30.6 82 27.8 Oct
81 65
18.3 57 13.9
Jan
60 17.42 3
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APPENDIX 3
DEFAULT VALUES FOR SOME DESIGN PARAMETERS