(Including Jobs Held by Residents and Non-Residents)
Total White Black Hispanic Asian Other Occupational Grouping 6,410 3,559 2,530 176 67 78 Total Occupation
1,566 1,056 417 69 10 14 Production
805 454 313 28 0 10 Education, training, library 678 294 347 10 19 8 Office, administrative support
445 259 163 15 4 4 Management
409 230 171 4 0 4 Transportation, material moving
331 124 179 14 0 14 Sales, related
280 132 134 4 0 10 Community, social service
228 151 73 0 4 0 Installation, maintenance, repairs
224 220 0 0 4 0 Engineering, architecture
197 14 183 0 0 0 Personal care, service
191 28 153 10 0 0 Food preparation, serving related
164 111 53 0 0 0 Construction, excavation
158 135 23 0 0 0 Business, financial operations
143 43 90 0 0 10 Building + grounds cleaning/maintenance
138 92 32 0 14 0 Healthcare practitioners, technicians
127 29 88 10 0 0 Healthcare support
81 48 33 0 0 0 Arts, design, entertainment, sports, media
59 43 12 4 0 0 Protective service
44 40 0 0 4 0 Computer, mathematical
32 18 14 0 0 0 Life, physical, social science
10 10 0 0 0 0 Legal
Total White Black Hispanic Asians Other Groupings with Over 100 Employed 6,410 55.5% 39.5% 2.7% 1.0% 1.2% Total Occupation
1,566 67.4% 26.6% 4.4% 0.6% 0.9% Production
805 56.4% 38.9% 3.5% 0.0% 1.2% Education, training, library 678 43.4% 51.2% 1.5% 2.8% 1.2% Office, administrative support 445 58.2% 36.6% 3.4% 0.9% 0.9% Management
409 56.2% 41.8% 1.0% 0.0% 1.0% Transportation, material moving 331 37.5% 54.1% 4.2% 0.0% 4.2% Sales, related
280 47.1% 47.9% 1.4% 0.0% 3.6% Community, social service 228 66.2% 32.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% Installation, maintenance, repairs 224 98.2% 0.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% Engineering, architecture 197 7.1% 92.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Personal care, service
191 14.7% 80.1% 5.2% 0.0% 0.0% Food preparation, serving related 164 67.7% 32.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Construction, excavation 158 85.4% 14.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% Business, financial operations
143 30.1% 62.9% 0.0% 0.0% 7.0% Building + grounds cleaning/maintenance 138 66.7% 23.2% 0.0% 10.1% 0.0% Healthcare practitioners, technicians 127 22.8% 69.3% 7.9% 0.0% 0.0% Healthcare support
Source: Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP2000) data on place-of-work based on responses to the 2000 Census long-form questionnaire. Only 1 job is reported for each worker and cell values are rounded. See methodology for definitions of race/ethnicity and occupations. Drill Downs were prepared by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute, 2005.
Background Notes
The neighborhood indicators track changes by neighborhood since 1993, prior to beginning of state and federal welfare reform. Community agencies assisted in identifying key areas of concern. City, county and state agencies cooperate in securing databases needed for the analysis. This report assesses employment, economic and welfare changes in ZIP code 53206 based on fourteen years of institutional data. Data was collected on income supports given to families in 2006 (including W-2 cash payments, food stamps/FoodShare benefits, medical assistance, and subsidized child care). The 2005 income tax analyses (based on state tax returns filed in 2006) provide income data that is six years more current than the 1999 incomes reported by the 2000 Census. Recently released Census 2000 transportation planning databases are used to provide a first-time analysis by race of jobs located within each central city neighborhood. State-of-the-art purchasing power and retail sales leakage analyses developed by the Employment and Training Institute help communities and neighborhood-based businesses assess the spending power assets of each central city zipcode. Other institutional data includes property tax records, state child care licensing reports, state correctional records, published Internal Revenue tables, and housing data released by the U.S. Department of Housing and Federal Reserve Board.
The aerial map on the cover is from the 2000 Digital Orthophotography, originally prepared for the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission.
“Adjusted gross income” includes income from wages, salaries, tips, taxable interest, dividends, alimony, business income, capital gains income, rental income, etc. and excludes certain business losses, capital gains losses, alimony payments, etc. See state and federal tax forms for definitions of adjustments made to calculate Adjusted Gross Income. Income tax data have several advantages as neighborhood indicators: they are available annually and they provide more comprehensive listings of income than may be volunteered for the U.S. Census long form or survey research projects. They miss, however, income of persons not filing taxes, “earnings” from the underground economy, and the cash value of food stamps, medical assistance, and child care subsidies. Also, they are subject to the vagaries of the income tax code and may understate income for persons with rental properties, self-employment expenses, tax-deferred annuities, etc.
The income tax returns analyzed in this report are for working age tax filers, excluding dependents (teenagers, students and others) claimed on another adult’s tax return and senior citizens claiming the elderly credit or elderly exemption. In tax year 2000, the elderly credit was replaced by an elderly exemption. Because filers can now be more effectively identified as elderly, the year 2000 through year 2005 working age files include a slightly different, and smaller, population than the files for previous years. Consequently, calculations of working age tax filers and total AGI for the 1993 to 1999 period may differ from those in 2000-2005 due to the elderly credit/exemption changes.
The earned income tax credit offers a tax benefit to help reduce the tax burden and to supplement wages for low and moderate income working families and single persons. For family tax filers who claim the credit, Wisconsin adds 4 percent to the federal credit for families with one qualifying child, adds 14 percent to the federal credit for families with two qualifying children, and adds 43 percent to the federal credit for families with three or more qualifying children. Together the federal and state credits could total from $3 to $6,300 for the 2005 tax year. Total federal credit payments are estimated based on state tax return data.
The poverty estimates understate poverty for larger families with more than three dependents and for families who are contributing to the support of other family members, and they do not include federal food stamps and child care subsidy benefits, SSI payments, child support, other financial contributions to the care of family and non-reported income sources.
The number of federal tax filers using Refund Anticipation Loans (RALs) is from the U.S. Internal Revenue Service as posted on The Brookings Institution (www.brookingsg.edu/es/urban/eitc/dataguide.htm) “Tax Return Information Website.” This information is for all tax filers receiving the earned income tax credit, including individuals not eligible for the Wisconsin EIC.
“W-2” cases for the zipcode do not include families receiving public assistance support under the “Kinship Care” program for relatives caring for minor children or the “Caretaker Supplement” program for eligible parents receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI). AFDC/W-2 caseloads are reported for the following months: March 1994, December 1995, September 1996, June 1997, April 1998, February 1999, April 2000, June 2001, July 2002, July 2002, July 2003, July 2004, July 2005, and July 2006.
Data on adults incarcerated in Wisconsin Department of Corrections facilities is based on the June 30, 2006 State of Wisconsin public inmate data file prepared biannually and containing detailed information on each incarceration and release of adult inmates since 1993. The database includes individuals in the Wisconsin Department of Corrections system but does not include inmates in the House of Corrections and jails. The data entries for admission and release from DOC facilities are for any reason, including for formal alternatives to revocation or for temporary probation and parole holds. See www.eti.uwm.edu for the full report on “Barriers to Employment: Prison Time.”
HMDA (Home Mortgage Disclosure Act) data is collected federally from lending institutions in metropolitan areas on loans for home purchases, refinancing and home repairs. (Home equity loans taken out for consolidation of credit card debt are not reported in this database unless some part of the loan proceeds is intended for home improvements or home purchase.) See www.ffiec.gov/hmda for definitions of loans included in the database and
www.huduser.org/datasets/manu.html for the methodology used by the Department of Housing and Urban
Development to define subprime lenders.
The U.S. Census 2000 Census Transportation Planning Package (CTPP 2000) data used four racial categories in reporting its data tables: white alone, black or African American alone, Asian alone, and all other (including persons reported as 2 or more races, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native, or other race). Workers were also identified as (1) Hispanic or Latino, and (2) not Hispanic or Latino. For this report, all workers identified as “Hispanic or Latino” are included in that category. The four categories of race listed above were used for persons who were not identified as Hispanic or Latino.
The estimates of workers in the CTPP 2000 tabulations have been rounded by the Census Bureau for each reported cell. Values from 1 through 7 were rounded to 4. Values of 8 or greater were rounded to the nearest multiple of 5, unless the estimate already ended in 5 or 0, in which case it was not changed. As a result, estimates derived from these files may not be identical to comparable figures contained in other census products. The greater the number of records from these files that are summed for comparison purposes, the more rounding errors there may be and the greater the difference between the estimates from different sources may be.
Counts of workers at-work obtained from CTPP 2000 will differ from other employment data sources. The number of workers shown in CTPP Part 2 will be approximately 91 to 93 percent of the number of jobs counted by establishment inventories. There are several reasons for differences between worker counts and total jobs. Census 2000 counts employed persons not individual jobs. For persons with more than one job, characteristics on only the principal job are collected. Nationally, about 6 percent of workers have second jobs. CTPP 2000 reports only those workers who were at work during the reference week (typically the week before the U.S. Census is conducted). Individual responses may vary as to the location of worksites (e.g., a street address vs. intersection bordering several census tracts, the company headquarters vs. a specific worksite). For more detail on methodology and definitions, see the UWM Employment and Training Institute website (www.eti.uwm.edu), the U.S. Census Bureau website (www.census.gov), and the U.S. Department of Transportation Census Transportation Planning Package 2000 website (www.fhwa.dot.gov/ctpp).
The cost of living is measured by the Consumer Price Index for the Milwaukee-Racine area. The cost of living increased 33.1% from 1993 to 2006 and by 3.3% from 2005 to 2006.