1. Overview. An individual’s skill set for RM application must be integrated into the knowledge, skills, and abilities learned throughout a naval career. ORM is most effective when included within the occupational learning structure. Learning the ORM process independent of necessary professional skills is an
ineffective educational strategy. Therefore, a career-long ORM training continuum must be infused, targeted, and tailored to the appropriate leadership or occupational learning levels within the current training infrastructure. For the training managers,
adding ORM concepts will require thoughtful analysis of all the training objectives to make it a viable part of learning. It is not simply a matter of adding an extra chapter, slide, or
presentation to meet an external requirement where the learner must make an independent judgment to connect the RM to the training.
2. Continuum. Figure 1 is a simplified illustration depicting various milestones an individual may pass during a career. The top line breaks a career into four general categories, which are used to determine the focus of ORM training. The separation
between these is not hard and fast as overlaps are a natural part of any Navy career progression.
PERSONNEL
DH Schools, PXO/CO, Finance, Budgeting, Procurement, Recruiting, JPME, Staff & War
College, etc.
DH Schools, PXO/CO, Finance, Budgeting, Procurement, Recruiting, JPME, Staff & War
College, etc.
Figure 1: ORM Training Continuum (see key below)
Figure 1 Key:
Acronym Meaning Acronym Meaning
USNA United States Naval Academy
CRM crew resource management ROTC Reserve Officer Training Corps DH department head
OCS Officer Candidate School PXO prospective executive officer
RTC Recruit Training Center JPME joint professional military education
DEP delayed entry program CPO chief petty officer
PQS Personnel Qualification Standards
SEA Senior Enlisted Academy
PO Indoc petty officer indoctrination CMC command master chief
a. Individual
(1) Most individuals will enter military service without formal RM skills, but will likely have made risk decisions in a time critical situation. With the transition to a military
occupation, those same decisions will likely have an impact on a team, mission, or task. Therefore, every individual must be trained to manage risk using the ORM principles and process.
(2) The accession point of military service is the first structured encounter with formal military education and training for the individual and offers a one-time opportunity to introduce and integrate RM concepts with initial military skills training.
The alignment of basic training and RM concepts will instill a confidence in the trainee that ORM will help them manage the demands of training and lay the groundwork to handle their
missions and assignments on- and off-duty in the future. This is the time to establish the individual RM mindset.
(3) The duties of the new officer or enlisted person are focused on execution of tasks and, as such, they operate
primarily at the time critical level. Therefore, it is logical that their ORM introduction focus on TCRM. The details of which are discussed in enclosure (2).
b. Supervisor. For the purposes of this discussion, the supervisor is broadly categorized as anyone who oversees and is responsible for the actions of others, i.e., most of us. As such, a supervisor models behaviors and mentors subordinates every day. Those behaviors should include RM techniques.
Supervisors are involved in planning for and executing tasks as
well as managing available resources (equipment, personnel, etc.) to complete the mission or task. It is appropriate that the
focus of their ORM training be tailored toward these skills.
Thus their training must not only build on earlier TCRM skills but provide them the skills and tools necessary to conduct ORM at the deliberate level. Supervisors must be able to make informed personal and team risk decisions and recognize when to elevate risks that they cannot control to the right level.
c. Assistant. The command ORM manager will select qualified ORM assistants, at least one officer, one senior enlisted, or a civilian equivalent to assist in performing risk assessments and ensure RM is integrated appropriately across the command, such as in briefs, plans, and command instructions. The ORM assistants are the ORM SMEs and shall demonstrate a solid comprehension of all RM concepts and principles. In addition to ORM knowledge, assistants should be given the skills necessary to facilitate the command integration and ORM training. ORM assistants’ training shall include instructor led ORM application and integration training and appropriate prerequisites.
d. Manager. The XO or civilian equivalent will be designated as the command ORM manager. The ORM manager is
responsible for making the decisions to accept risk or elevate it up the chain of command. They are also responsible to provide the leadership, tools, resources, and controls for their
personnel to successfully complete assigned missions and tasks.
The ORM training shall be tailored to a more strategic
application where preservation of resources, personnel, and mission or task accomplishment is paramount.
e. ORM Training Focus. As discussed above, it is important to target ORM training to the audience and the environment in which they operate. It must be relevant, progressive, and sequential. Figure 2 illustrates graphically the shift which should occur in the focus of ORM training as the individual progresses through a career and their responsibilities change.
The training needs to focus on off-duty, as well as on-duty, as an off-duty loss also decreases readiness and, therefore, mission or task accomplishment.
Accession Career Path Retirement
¾ Based on roles and responsibilities
Incorporated resource management concepts and skills Relevant
Deliberate Risk Management
On Duty Targeted for the audience
¾ Tailored for their environment
¾
¾ Based on roles and responsibilities
Incorporated resource management concepts and skills Relevant
Deliberate Risk Management
On Duty Targeted for the audience
¾ Tailored for their environment
¾
Figure 2: Focus of ORM Training Throughout a Career 3. ORM Training Requirements
a. RM Training. RM training is available in many formats and through various venues. The responsibility for conducting and ensuring the training is completed is detailed under
paragraph 6 of this instruction. This section specifically addresses the ORM training requirements for individuals.
b. Periodicity. Individual ORM training periodicity is outlined in table 1.