1. AIM
This lesson is taught so that the student will know how to achieve the necessary performance from the aircraft while flying with sole reference to instruments.
DEFINITION
The aircraft is flown mostly with sole reference to instruments with special emphasis on specific performance.
2. WHAT THE INSTRUCTOR IS TO TEACH 2.1 Aerodynamic factors relating to:
i. Straight and level at various speeds.
ii. Straight and level with gear and flap extend.
iii. Climbing at various rates of climb and speeds.
iv. Descending at various rates of descent and speeds.
v. Turning at various rates of turn and speeds:
a. Rate one turns.
b. Steep turns.
vi. The go-around procedure.
2.2 Recap on scanning methods i. T-scan.
ii. Radial scan.
iii. Selective radial scan.
2.3 Copying of a basic clearance
i. Emphasise the need for a good scan, being relaxed yet alert, CCHAT and Power + Attitude = Performance.
3. WHY IS IT BEING TAUGHT
To enable the student to control the aircraft with sole reference to the aircraft „s instruments in preparation for the night rating.
4. THE AIR EXERCISE i.
ii.
iii.
DEPARTURE
CLIMB AND CRUISE TO THE GENERAL FLYING AREA
STRAIGHT AND LEVEL.
PRIMARY PERFORMANCE FROM THE ALTIMETER AND VSI.
i. Have the student copy a basic clearance eg.
Straight ahead to ……ft. then left onto heading ……
i. Have student revise the basics from Lesson 1.
i. Have the student set up normal cruise. Now have the student reduce the speed to flap limiting speed whilst holding the altitude constant. Extend flap in stages. Note the
Training Procedures _____
INSTRUMENTS ARE THE D/I AND ALTIMETER.STEEP TURN
THE PRIMARY PERFORMANCE INSTRUMENTS ARE THE ASI, D.I.
AND ALTIMETER.
CLIMBING
THE PRIMARY PERFORMANCE INSTRUMENTS ARE THE VSI AND ASI.
DESCENDING
THE PRIMARY PERFORMANCE INSTRUMENTS ARE THE VSI AND ASI.
new attitude and speed for each stage of flap assuming the power was left constant.
ii. Point out the need to trim and CCHAT.
Point out that more power will be required if the speed is to be kept constant (increase in drag).
iii. Have the student retract the flaps in stages at a constant altitude.
i. Have the student do a 10° banked turn through 360° at a constant altitude. Follow this with a rate 1 turn. Note the different bank angles, rates of turn and different pitch attitudes required. Point out the slight change in speed when the power is left constant.
i. Before the turn ask the student
approximately what pitch attitude will be required and what will happen to the speed if the power is left constant.
ii. Have the student do a 360° turn at 30°
bank. Point out the need to start the roll out much earlier because of the higher rate of turn. This will be about ½ the angle of bank in degrees before reaching the desired heading.
i. With 45° angle of bank required, a much higher pitch attitude and a larger increase in power is required to keep the speed
constant. Commence the roll out even earlier than for a medium turn.
i. Have the student climb at different speeds.
Point out the different attitudes and rates of climb with normal power set.
ii. Have the student climb at different speeds.
Point out the different attitudes and rates of climb with normal climb power set.
i. Have the student descend at different speeds. Point out the different attitudes and rates of descent for the same power.
ii. Have the student descend at 500 fpm. Note the attitude and speed
i. Have the student climb at a given speed
Training Procedures _____
DOC NO: DP/FTD/TS/05/009 179
REV NO: 04 DATE AMENDED: 26 September 2008
ix. CLIMBING AND DESCENDING TURNS
and turn on to a given heading.
ii. Ask the student to descend at a given speed and turn on to a given heading. Point out the change in rates of climb and descent when bank is applied.
x. GOING AROUND i. Have student slow the aircraft to approach speed with flaps extended and descend at 500 fpm. Carry out the go-around
manoeuvre retracting flaps and climbing straight ahead.
5. CONSIDERATIONS OF AIRMANSHIP AND ENGINE HANDLING AIRMANSHIP
i. The instructor must maintain an adequate lookout.
ENGINE CONSIDERATIONS
i. Watch out for overheating during the climb and excessive cooling during the descent.
ii. Ensure that the student increases and decreases power in the correct order iii. Consider the use of cowl flaps if fitted and required
iv. Emphasize the need to apply rudder as power is being increased of decreased
6. SIMILARITY TO PREVIOUS EXERCISES
The exercises are the same as what the student has been doing visually in the past.
7. DE-BRIEFING AFTER THE FLIGHT
Briefly recap on the various manoeuvers with special emphasis on the following points:
i. Correct scan.
ii. The need to anticipate leveling-off during climbs and descents and the need to anticipate rolling out of turns so that the desired heading is achieved.
iii. Emphasize the importance of CCHAT.
iv. Emphasize the importance of not dwelling on one instrument . v. The need to be relaxed.
vi. The importance of flying attitude and not chasing speed etc.
8. DISCUSS THE STUDENT’S ACTUAL FAULTS
For each fault the instructor must indicate:
i. The symptoms of the faults.
ii. The cause of the faults.
iii. The potential outcome of persisting with the fault.
iv. The necessary action required to correct the fault.
9. BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE RQUIREMENTS FOR THE NEXT LESSON
Training Procedures _____
DOC NO: 180
REV NO: 04 DATE AMENDED: 26 September 2008
Training Procedures _____
DOC NO: DP/FTD/TS/05/009 181
REV NO: 04 DATE AMENDED: 26 September 2008