7.3 BS 6548: Maintainability of equipment
7.3.6 Part 6: Guide to statistical methods in maintainability evaluation
Page 31 of 54 7.4 BS 61703: Mathematical expressions for reliability, availability, maintainability and
maintenance support terms See IEC 61703.
Page 32 of 54 8 AFNOR Standards
8.1 Association française de normalisation
Within a context of trade globalisation and the pursuit of competitiveness, the AFNOR Group, which brings together the activities of both AFAQ and AFNOR, is the preferred partner of most socio-economic players. The Group has demonstrated its expertise in four complementary activities.
Standardisation:
AFNOR develops the reference systems required by economic players to promote their strategic and commercial development. As European and International standardisation represents more than 80% of its work, AFNOR is influential in representing French interests within these standardisation authorities.
Publication and distribution of information products:
AFNOR helps players to access reference systems by providing them with international reference standards and information and assisting companies with setting up
documentary databases tailored to their needs.
Training:
CAP AFNOR, a subsidiary of the Group, helps economic players to apply the reference systems and prepare applications for standardisation, certification and progress
initiatives through its wide range of inter/intra company training and information days.
Certification:
AFAQ AFNOR Certification is now the Group's certification body. It offers a wide range of certifications for management systems, products, services and persons.
A dedicated international centre has been set up within the new Group to contribute to an ambitious development programme in the certification, technical cooperation and training fields.
It is supported by AFAQ's subsidiaries, partners and counterparts outside France and AFNOR's standardisation and international technical cooperation network.
8.2 FD X60-000: Industrial maintenance – The maintenance function This standard concentrates on the company maintenance process. It concerns:
Asset maintenance, from the technical function fulfilled by the asset-equipments or a production system in general (software maintenance is not included in this standard).
The industrial companies and their services.
It does not concern certain traditional activities reserved for enterprise maintenance services but those activities which do not belong to “maintenance” as described in NF EN 13306 for example third works, safety, environment.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.3 NF X60-010: Maintenance - Concepts and definitions of maintenance activities The terms contained in X60-010 indicate that maintenance is not confined to the technical actions but includes activities like:
Introduction to the “maintenance” function
The role of maintenance and the function of maintenance as a service
Maintenance types (corrective, preventive, …)
Terms and definitions within maintenance
Page 33 of 54
Maintenance operations (inspections, checks, repair, …)
Levels of maintenance
Reliability, availability, maintainability
Technical documentation
This guideline is only available in French.
Replaced by EN 13306.
8.4 NF X60-020: Maintenance indicators
The purpose of this standard is to introduce a certain number of indicators typical for maintenance and asset management for the budget, technical, organisational en structural aspects. These indicators are classified in four application domains:
The Client-Supplier relations from the point of view to measure de performances of maintenance based on the result obligations defined in the scope definition by contract;
The maintenance and the general performances of the company;
The political choice in the field of maintenance material and physical asset management, from the budget (=cost analysis) and technical (= analysis of the asset follow-up and maintenance activities) angle;
The maintenance people management in the sphere of organisation, qualification, specialisation and education / training.
Different factors have a repercussion on the availability of equipments.
For the management of the equipments:
the conception about the installation;
the conception about the equipments;
the realisation of equipments;
the organisation of production or exploitation;
the exploitation conditions in the given environment.
For the management of the maintenance:
the maintenance strategy;
the maintenance organisation.
For the management of the maintenance people:
the number of people;
specialization and qualification;
training and education.
For the management of the spare parts:
the management policy about the stock;
strategic stock;
stock value;
provisioning;
origin.
This guideline is available in English and French.
Page 34 of 54 Replaced by EN 15341.
8.5 NF X60-090: Maintenance - Criteria of choice of the maintenance contract - Means contracts - Results contracts
NF X60-090 proposes a well-founded method for analysis of relevant criteria which permit an enterprise to choose the type of contract which fits best on the company needs by charging the technical and economical obligations.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.6 NF X60-200: Maintenance - Technical documentations associated with an item throughout its life cycle
The purpose of this standard is to establish a terminology and general rules for the formulation of technical documents associated with assets, so that the installation conditions, the first engagement, the maintenance servicing and taking out of service of an asset can be described.
It handles about the documentation with regard to assets, except special materials from which the documentation makes part of a standard or a specific regulation.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.7 NF X60-212: Maintenance - Handbook of instructions maintenance - Definitions and general principles for the wording and layout
This document describes the document parts as a reference for the maintenance instructions. It applies to the whole enterprise (the one who gives the order and/or the executor) which
structures, organizes or reorganizes his “maintenance function”. The purpose of this document is to help the enterprise (the one who gives the order and/or the executor) set up the constitutive documents which refer to the maintenance instructions.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.8 NF X60-250: Maintenance - Function "User technical documentation" -
Recommendations for its introduction or organization within manufacturers of equipment The purpose of this guideline is to treat the general organisation principles of the “technical documentation” function and more specific those which are meant for the asset equipment users for professional use or industrial or by a broad public. Designed in the form of a guide, it defines the general organisation principles of this function in accordance with the standards:
NF X60-200 for “industrial use” asset equipments;
NF X50-050 for “broad public” assets ;
This guideline can be used within the whole enterprise, but the prescriptions concerning content need to be adapted corresponding and on the products of each constructor, according to their skills.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.9 NF X60-317: Maintenance – Documents for maintenance See EN 13460.
Page 35 of 54 8.10 NF X60-318: Maintenance – Guideline on preparation of maintenance contracts See EN 13269.
8.11 NF X60-319: Maintenance – Maintenance terminology See EN 13306.
8.12 NF X60-500: Terminology relating to reliability, maintainability and availability
The purpose of this standard is to give an overview of the expressions and definitions used in the areas of reliability, maintainability and availability of assets within the industrial, professional and public applications.
Within this standard, the common used expression is “entity”, which gathers all elements, equipments, subsystems, material systems or processes which can be individual considered. A specific collection of entities, for example samples or specimens, can even be considered as an entity.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.13 NF X60-503: Initiation into availability
The X60-503 gives an introduction into availability. This document addresses itself to all those who are confronted with the problems that availability brings along. The standard describes the concepts, methods, measurements and evaluations of availability. It includes also an availability-study and examples.
This guideline is available in English and French.
8.14 NF E60-182: Manufacturing systems - Performance indicators
This French standard describes the definitions condition-times (total time, functional time, useful time, …) and the necessary elements to evaluate the performance indicators of production assets in manufacturing industries named:
Overall equipment effectiveness (= TRS: Taux de Rendement Synthétique)
Global equipment effectiveness (= TRG : Taux de Rendement Global)
Economic equipment effectiveness (= TRE : Taux de Rendement Économique) Which purpose is, to allow a reliable follow-up of the production assets.
This guideline is only available in French.
8.15 NF 13269: Maintenance - Guideline on preparation of maintenance contracts See EN 13269.
8.16 NF 13306: Maintenance terminology See EN 13306.
Page 36 of 54 8.17 NF 13460: Maintenance - Documents for maintenance
See EN 13460.
Page 37 of 54 9 NORSOK Standards
9.1 Norsk Sokkels Konkuranseposisjon
The NORSOK standards are developed by the Norwegian petroleum industry to ensure adequate safety, value adding and cost effectiveness for existing and future petroleum industry developments.
The NORSOK standards are prepared to complement available international standards and fill the broad needs of the Norwegian petroleum industry. Where relevant NORSOK standards will be used to provide the Norwegian industry input to the international standardisation process.
Subject to development and publication of international standards, the relevant NORSOK standard will be withdrawn.
These NORSOK standards are developed according to the consensus principle generally applicable for most standards work and according to established procedures defined in NORSOK A-001.
The preparation and publication of the NORSOK standards is supported by OLF (The Norwegian Oil Industry Association) and TBL (Federation of Norwegian Manufacturing
Industries). NORSOK standards are administered and issued by NTS (Norwegian Technology Centre).
9.1 S-005: Machinery – Working environment analysis and documentation This NORSOK standard addresses methods for working environment analyses and
documentation of machinery according to machinery regulations and the normative references.
The methods may also be used for other technical products having similar hazards.
This standard describes rational methods for necessary working environment (WE) analyses of machinery design (i.e. risk assessments and design reviews) and documentation of conformity with WE requirements applicable to offshore machinery. The described allocation of
responsibilities, review and assessment processes, and formats of documentation addresses the basic regulatory requirements, normative standards, and expectations of major clients in the offshore industry.
9.2 Z-006: Preservation
This standard defines the principles and structure to ensure that equipment and systems are kept preserved during all phases of the project, before taken into use.
9.3 Z-008: Criticality analysis for maintenance purposes
The purpose of this NORSOK standard is to provide requirements and guidelines for
establishing a basis for preparation and optimisation of maintenance programs for new and in service facilities offshore and onshore taking into account risks related to:
Personnel
Environment
Production loss
Direct economical cost (everything other than cost of production loss) The result of this NORSOK standard is applicable for different purposes such as:
Page 38 of 54
Design phase:
Establishing initial maintenance manning requirements, identify hidden failures on critical equipment and selection of insurance spare parts.
Preparation for operation:
Development of initial maintenance programs for implementation into maintenance management systems and selection of ordinary spare parts.
Operational phase:
Optimisation of existing maintenance programs and as a guide for prioritising work orders.
9.4 Z-013: Risk and emergency preparedness analysis (EPA)
This NORSOK standard presents requirements to planning, execution and use of risk and EPA, with an emphasis on providing insight into the process and concise definitions.
This NORSOK standard is structured around the following main elements:
Establishment of risk acceptance criteria prior to execution of the risk analysis.
The relation between the risk and EPA, especially the integration of the two types of analysis into one overall analysis process.
Planning and execution of analyses.
Further requirements to use of risk and EPA for different activities and life cycle phases.
Establishment of requirements based on risk and EPA.
This standard covers EPA, establishment of emergency preparedness, while maintenance and further development of emergency preparedness are not covered by the standard.
9.5 Z-016: Regularity management & reliability technology
This NORSOK standard covers analysis of reliability and maintenance of the components, systems and operations associated with exploration drilling, exploitation, processing and transport of petroleum resources. The standard focuses on regularity of oil and gas production and associated activities, but also covers system and equipment reliability and maintenance performance in general.
The standard presents requirements to planning, execution and use of reliability technology, structured around the following main elements:
Regularity management for optimum economy of the facility through all of its life cycle phases, while also considering health, safety, environment, quality and human factors.
Planning, execution and implementation of reliability technology.
The application of reliability and maintenance data.
Reliability based design and operation improvement.
Establishment and use of reliability clauses in contracts.
Page 39 of 54 10 VDI Standards
10.1 Verein Deutscher Ingenieure
The Association of German Engineers is a financially independent and politically unaffiliated, non-profit organization of 132.000 engineers and natural scientists. More than 13.000 of these members work for the VDI in an honorary capacity.
Established in 1856, the VDI is today the largest engineering association in Western Europe. In Germany, it is recognized as the representative of engineers both within the profession and in the public arena. As the leading institution for training and technology transfer among experts, it is also a partner at the preliminary stages of the decision-making process in matters of
technological policy and for all questions that engineers face in their professional or public lives.
10.2 VDI 2246: Designing maintainable engineered products
The guideline VDI 2246 fills information gaps by providing product-neutral notes, recommendations and rules for the designer. It describes the relationship between maintainability and maintenance, reliability, availability, product security, environmental compatibility and financial justification. Economic maintainability is achieved when the product costs over the entire life span are a minimum, in other words when the extra costs for
development, design and manufacturing of a maintainable product are balanced by the reduced costs of maintenance over the entire product life cycle.
Part 1 (= Basic principles) of the VDI 2246 guideline provides the designer with the necessary knowledge of strategies, concepts and key figures for ‘maintainability’ and maintenance.
Part 2 (= Requirements catalogue) presents a check list and working procedure. On the basis of examples it provides, in catalogue form, product-specific requirements for maintainability.
10.2.1 Part 1: Basic principles
10.2.2 Part 2: Requirements catalogue
These guidelines are available in English and German.
10.3 VDI 2884: Purchase, operating and maintenance of production equipment using Life Cycle Costing
The guideline VDI 2884 makes to the operator available the necessary methodical framework for the procurement decision between alternative production equipment, in order to meet it on the basis of the resulting entire life cycle costs. Also manufacturers can use the method, in order to develop innovative solutions, to reduce by maintenance-fair constructions the returning and subsequent costs. This ensures during the utilization period a high economy to the operator, despite higher purchase costs.
Apart from a decision making aid, whether a LCC view is justified, the guideline VDI 2884 offers above all support with the proceeding. This reaches by the definition of the maintenance
strategy and the planned service life over the definition of the costs which can be included into the decision up to the evaluation of different alternatives and the decision for the "right"
alternative.
The collection of the costs and proceeds can take place via tables systematically. In connection with the guideline VDI 2885 the maintenance-relevant operating conditions of production equipment as well as the maintenance expenditures can be specified in the dialogue between operators and manufacturers.
This guideline is available in English and German.
Page 40 of 54 10.4 VDI 2885: Standardized data for maintenance planning and determination of
maintenance costs - Data and data determination
The guideline VDI 2885 specifies all the measurable, technical and economical data of a means of production, which are relevant to maintenance throughout its life cycle. This transparent database for the view of Life Cycle Costs allows to objectively compare the maintenance requirement of different machines at the offer stage.
Starting from the description of the boundary conditions of the maintenance process, the new approach consists in defining maintenance terms which shall be supported by means of data (number plus scientific or economic unit). To this end, it is the supplier of a means of production, not the customer (e.g. user), who shall first state the extent of all maintenance activities
required. The customer will then incorporate these activities into a maintenance schedule, taking into account his particular operating conditions in order to match the requirements with the field conditions.
Introducing the term "service logistics", the VDI guideline also gives guidance on all just-in-time activities required in connection with the technical support of a means of production, such as information, procurement and storage activities.
In addition to describing the procedure, the guideline lists numerous examples in tables which can serve as a working aid. It thus makes a practical contribution to activating the potentials of maintenance and to improve the communication between the customer and the supplier.
This guideline is available in English and German.
10.5 VDI 2886: Benchmarking applied to maintenance
This guideline describes the features of successful benchmarking in fields where maintenance activities are performed. Following an introduction, it goes into the specific procedures which lead to a continuous improvement process in maintenance by using reference parameters.
The main emphasis is put on practical guidance with respect to the prerequisites and the implementation of benchmarking, particularly in maintenance. For example, the guideline deals with aspects of planning, data collection and analysis, as well as suggestions for realisation, and for checking of the change achieved.
As practical working aids, the guideline gives examples of the determination and assessment of benchmarking objects in maintenance, and a collection form for the basic data required.
Users of VDI 2886 are enabled to establish, verify and enhance the performance of their own maintenance so as to improve the efficiency and the cost situation purposefully and effectively.
This guideline is available in English and German.
10.6 VDI 2887: Quality management of maintenance
This guideline is an introduction for employees and staff members, who are involved with the main activities of maintenance and the quality improvement of it. From the point of view of an integrated approach of quality management, the complete cycle of product- and installation is treated. Here is "maintenance" as task seen, within the control and the housekeeping of an installation or machine.
This guideline is only available in German.
10.7 VDI 2888: Maintenance condition monitoring
This guideline applies to any production plant requiring maintenance to ensure efficient and/or reliable operation. Following the definitions of the relevant terms, the concept of condition-oriented maintenance is explained, its significance for practical application is illustrated, and
Page 41 of 54 potential users are given guidance on the implementation in their companies. The objective is to make this strategy more acceptable for the industrial practice and to facilitate its use.
This guideline is available in English and German.
10.8 VDI 2889: Methods and systems for condition and process monitoring in maintenance Guideline VDI 2889 deals about the input of knowledge-based diagnostic methods and systems within maintenance. It is an amendment to VDI 2888 which approaches maintenance condition monitoring.
VDI 2889 acts as a decision guidance following the criteria requirements, cost and added value.
Conventional methods as well as failure analysis and diagnosis and also knowledge-based methods as failure tree and expert system are treated.
This guideline is only available in German.
10.9 VDI 2890: Planned maintenance; guide for the drawing up of maintenance lists Guideline VDI 2890 gives direction to the preparation of maintenance related machine
documentation and business plans. Additionally this guideline contains matrix representations with examples for possible conditions of components respectively assemblies.
This guideline is only available in German.
10.10 VDI 2891: Maintenance relevant criteria for purchase of machines
The guideline VDI 2891 gives an overview of the cost-driven, investment-dependent criteria of maintenance. Within this guideline the competences of the suppliers and customers are in tables incorporated.
VDI 2891 is valid for all domains where means of production are planned, produced, purchased, operated and maintained. It reflects the general criteria of investment asset purchase and is a
VDI 2891 is valid for all domains where means of production are planned, produced, purchased, operated and maintained. It reflects the general criteria of investment asset purchase and is a