The Operations & Sustainment Phase, Phase E, is focused upon conducting the mission, meeting the initially identified need, and maintaining support for that need. The HSI team role in Phase E focuses on identifying which aspects of the as-built system are operationally successful and which are not. HSI lessons learned are generated from a variety of sources including:
Inflight testing and demonstration of HSI aspects of the mission/system
User/crew debriefs and interviews
Collection of human system data (e.g., errors, losses of efficiency, incidents, accidents)
Collection of human performance data (e.g., crew time / task time)
Collection of physiologic indicators (e.g., consumables usage, vital signs, illness/injury rates)
Mission data and reports.
These sources of information should be carefully reviewed and synthesized, lessons learned captured, and HSI findings documented in reports or publications for the ongoing operations and
In Phase E, the HSI team is focused on observing the HSI aspects of the operating system and its users/maintainers to ensure human safety, health, and performance in operations. The HSI team aims to document and communicate specific aspects of operations that need improvement to achieve P/P mission success and human safety, health, and performance objectives. A
complementary goal is to document those aspects of the mission-system that are fully successful due to HSI effort during development.
Phase E HSI goals and success criteria are mapped to the relevant milestones in Table 3.8-1.
The Post-Launch Assessment Review (PLAR) evaluates the readiness of the spacecraft systems to proceed with full, routine operations after post-launch deployment. The review also evaluates the status of the project plans and the capability to conduct the mission with emphasis on near-term operations and mission-critical events. The HSI team supports the PLAR with an
evaluation of human-system aspects of the operational system’s readiness to proceed into full operations.
Table 3.8-1 Goals and Success Mapping for HSI in Phase E
Milestone HSI Goals HSI Success Criteria
PLAR, of the system to accomplish the defined mission
PLAR, CERR, PFAR
Identify mission-system anomalies and operational aspects that need improvement in relation to users and maintainers
Documented lessons learned are provided to the P/P for implementation of necessary aspects that are fully successful in relation to users and maintainers, with linkage to HSI effort during the P/P development phases
Documented lessons learned are provided to the P/P to demonstrate an operational return on HSI investment made during system development DR Capture HSI knowledge gained over
the course of the P/P
HSI knowledge is placed into the P/P documentation system
Phase E NASA Systems Engineering Goals
Perform mission
Sustain system
Improve/augment system
The Critical Events Readiness Review (CERR) evaluates the readiness of the project and the flight system to execute a critical event during flight operation. The HSI team provides inputs to CERR, for example, the human-system readiness to perform an extravehicular activity (EVA).
The Post-Flight Assessment Review (PFAR) evaluates how well mission objectives were met during a mission, identifies all flight and ground system anomalies that occurred during the flight, and determines the actions necessary to mitigate or resolve the anomalies for future flights of the same spacecraft design. The HSI team describes the success of human-system mission objectives, lessons learned from the flight, and improvements needed for further operations of the system.
The Decommissioning Review (DR) confirms the decision to terminate or decommission the system and assesses the readiness of the system for the safe decommissioning and disposal of system assets. The HSI team may have additional lessons learned from the final stages of the mission, and final values for TPMs evaluated during the operational phase.
The Phase E milestone entrance and success criteria are provided in NPR 7123.1B as follows:
Table G-14 - PLAR Entrance and Success Criteria
Table G-15 - CERR Entrance and Success Criteria
Table G-16 - PFAR Entrance and Success Criteria.
3.8.2 Phase E Process and Products
Specific HSI team activities in this phase include sustaining engineering of the mission system while it is being operated, operational monitoring, data collection on the safety, health, and performance of the humans involved with the mission system, and documentation of new HSI knowledge generated during this phase. The HSI team produces technical analyses on potential operational improvements and on successful operational outcomes due to HSI effort performed during system development. For operational flight testing, the HSI team produces reports on Flight Test Objective outcomes that may validate the integrated end product or contribute to the validation of analytical models of the system. As part of HSI sustaining effort, the team
evaluates upgraded operational methods and system features as alternate solutions for issues emerging during the mission. Appendix C.2 provides an example of sustaining lessons learned for Shuttle. Examples of crew time as a key measure is cited throughout this document, as well.
Table 3.8-2 defines HSI products resulting from these activities.
Table 3.8-2 Process-Product Mapping for HSI in Phase E SEE
Process SEE Process Title Key HSI Activities Major HSI Products Per Milestone 2 Technical
Requirements
HSI team evaluates final values of HSI TPMs
DR: HSI TPM Final Report
8 Product Validation Analyze Flight Test Objective data and report on the outcome
PFAR: HSI input to Flight
DR: HSI Lessons Learned
16 Technical Assessment
Analyze operational aspects that affect human users/maintainers to determine where the system is fully successful or needs
The Phase E milestones ensure user/maintainer safety, health, and performance, and capture HSI knowledge gained over the course of the P/P.
HSI system operational procedures are validated and documented for SEE 8 and assessed for optimization for SEE 16. The P/P is also assessed for satisfactory completion of design objectives. TPM results (SEE 2), HSI validations, and design/operational feedback being captured documented and captured as lessons learned for SEE 15.
3.9 Phase F: Closeout