4.2.1 The pipe and fittings shall be designated by pipe type. All pipe and fittings shall be new and shall conform to the specifications contained herein. Pipe class shall be as shown on the Approved Drawings or as required by test results, whichever is greater. The
Contractor shall submit a Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance for each type of pipe certifying that the pipe meets or exceeds the specification requirements.
4.2.2 Where pipe types are specifically shown on the Approved Drawings, only those pipe types shall be installed. Only one type of pipe shall be installed between adjacent manholes or other pipeline terminus points, unless otherwise noted on the Approved Drawings,
identified in the Standard Plans, or otherwise approved by the County.
4.2.3 Pipe for pressure/force main sewers shall be ductile iron pipe (DIP), pressure polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, or pressure high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe as specified herein, unless otherwise noted on the Approved Drawings, identified in the Standard Plans, or approved by the County.
4.2.4 Pipe types shall be appropriate for the depth of cover. Minimum cover over pipe shall be 5 feet in driving areas and existing or proposed Rights-of-Way, and 3 feet in non-driving areas. Ductile iron pipe may be used where 5 feet of cover cannot be obtained, but in no case shall the cover be less than 3 feet. Cover shall be measured from the top of pipe to the finished grade. The minimum pipe types based on cover shall be per the table below.
Pipe Type Maximum Cover
PVC SDR 35 20 ft
PVC SDR 21 25 ft
PVC C900/C905 Per Manufacturer’s Recommendations DIP CL52 Per Manufacturer’s Recommendations HDPE Per Manufacturer’s Recommendations 4.3 DUCTILE IRON PIPE (DIP)
4.3.1 Gravity DIP shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/AWWA A21.51/C151, thickness Class 52. Pressure DIP shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/AWWA
A21.15/C115, thickness class as required (Class 52 minimum) for flanged pipe rated for not less than 250 psi working pressure.
4.3.2 Joints shall be bell and spigot, compression ring, push-on type utilizing a special bell designed to make a complete watertight joint using a single sewage-resistant synthetic rubber gasket. Joints, gaskets, and gasket lubricant shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/AWWA A21.11/C111. All DIP shall be provided with nitrile rubber gaskets.
4.3.3 Fittings shall conform to the requirements of ANSI/AWWA A21.10/C110, except for the laying length, and shall utilize bell and spigot joints as specified herein. Fittings shall receive a factory-applied standard bituminous exterior lining, 1 mil minimum thickness.
Fittings for pressure DIP shall be rated for not less than 250 psi working pressure.
4.3.4 Where flanged joints are shown on the Approved Drawings or identified in the Standard Plans, they shall utilize ductile iron screwed-on flanges, 125-point class with oversized hub, and shall conform in all other respects to the requirements of ANSI/ASME B16.42. Flanges shall be refaced before shipment. Gaskets shall be ring-type (not full face), service sheet Style 60, 1/16 inch thick, as manufactured by Johns Mansville, equivalent gasket by the Crane Company, or Approved Equal. A non-stick parting agent shall be
applied to both sides of the gasket by the gasket manufacturer. No oil or compound shall be used in the field for gasket installation.
4.3.5 Bolts and nuts shall be standard machine bolts with square heads and cold-pressed hexagon nuts. Studs with two cold-pressed hexagon nuts shall be used where required.
Bolts and nuts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A307, Grade B and ANSI/ASME B18.2. Stud bolts and nuts shall conform to the requirements of ASTM A193, Grade B7, ASME B16.5, and ANSI/ASME B18.2. Bolts and nuts shall be Type 316 stainless steel.
4.3.6 Watertight plugs shall be U.S. Pipe & Foundry Company No. U-364, the equivalent product from Pacific States Cast Iron Pipe Company, or Approved Equal.
4.3.7 Mechanical joints and fittings, where shown on the Approved Drawings, shall conform to ANSI/AWWA A21.10/C110 and ANSI/AWWA A21.11/C111.
4.3.8 DIP shall receive protective coatings in accordance with Section 10.2.
4.4 GRAVITY POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE
4.4.1 Gravity PVC pipe shall be plasticized polyvinyl chloride pipe with integral wall bell and spigot joints. and shall be suitable for use as a gravity conduit for the conveyance of domestic sewage. The material used to produce the pipe and fittings shall be clean, virgin material conforming to the requirements of ASTM D1784, Class 12454.
4.4.2 Pipe and fittings size 4 inch through 15 inch shall conform to the requirements of ASTM D3034, except as modified herein. Pipe and fittings size 16 inch and larger shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F679.
4.4.3 All gravity PVC pipe shall be ASTM D3034, SDR 35 or better. SDR 21 pipe shall meet the requirements of ASTM D2241. Pipe meeting the requirements of AWWA C900 or AWWA C905, DR18 or better, is an acceptable alternative to SDR 21 pipe as approved by the County.
4.4.4 Joints for Pipe and Fittings
4.4.4.1 Sewer Main and Side Sewer Stubs – Joints for pipe and fittings shall conform to ASTM D3212, and shall utilize sewage-resistant synthetic rubber gaskets conforming to the requirements of ASTM F477. The gaskets shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. Provisions for expansion and contraction shall be made at each joint. The assembled joint shall withstand a pressure of 4 psi for a period of 1 hour without leakage in the concentric alignment and in the manufacturer’s recommended maximum deflected position. The assembled joint shall be subject to air testing in accordance with Section 12.2.3.
4.4.4.2 Building Sewers – Joints for building sewers upstream of the side sewer stub may be either gasketed, meeting the requirements of Section 4.4.4.1 above, or solvent-weld. When using solvent-welded joints, the Contractor shall ensure the joint is
assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions; the use of a compatible primer is required. The assembled joint, whether gasketed or solvent-welded, shall be subject to exfiltration testing in accordance with Section 12.2.4.
4.4.5 All gravity PVC pipe shall be placed within the installation areas at least 24 hours prior to installation to permit temperature equalization. Pipe manufactured greater than 10 months prior to actual installation will not be permitted. Pipe shall be protected from exposure to ultraviolet light according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.4.6 Pipe and fittings shall be manufactured by J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc., PW Pipe, or Approved Equal.
4.5 PRESSURE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) PIPE
4.5.1 Pressure PVC pipe shall be rigid plasticized polyvinyl chloride pipe suitable for use as a pressure conduit for the conveyance of domestic sewage. The pipe shall be suitable for use at a minimum hydrostatic pressure of 200 psi at 73º F. Pipe shall conform to the
requirements of ASTM D2241, except as modified herein. The material used to produce the pipe and fittings shall be clean, virgin material conforming to the requirements of ASTM D1784, Class 12454.
4.5.2 All pressure PVC pipe shall be Class 200 or better. The Contractor shall submit pressure class determination calculations to the County, if so directed.
4.5.3 Joints for Pipe and Fittings
4.5.3.1 Sewer Force Mains – Joints for pipe and fittings size 2-inch and larger shall conform to ASTM D3212, and shall utilize sewage-resistant synthetic rubber gaskets conforming to the requirements of ASTM F477. The gaskets shall be the sole element depended upon to make the joint flexible and watertight. Provisions for expansion and contraction shall be made at each joint. Joints for pipe and fittings less than 2-inch diameter shall be solvent-weld. When using solvent-welded joints, the Contractor shall ensure the joint is assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions;
the use of a compatible primer is required. The assembled joint, whether gasketed or solvent-welded, shall be subject to pressure testing in accordance with Section 12.3.
4.5.3.2 Pressure Building Sewers –Joints for pressure building sewers may be either gasketed, meeting the requirements of Section 4.5.3.1 above, or solvent-weld. When using solvent-welded joints, the Contractor shall ensure the joint is assembled in accordance with the manufacturer’s written instructions; the use of a compatible primer is required. The assembled joint, whether gasketed or solvent-welded, shall be subject to pressure testing in accordance with Section 12.3.
4.5.4 All pressure PVC pipe shall be placed within the installation areas at least 24 hours prior to installation to permit temperature equalization. Pipe manufactured greater than 10 months prior to actual installation will not be permitted. Pipe shall be protected from exposure to ultraviolet light according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
4.5.5 Pipe and fittings shall be manufactured by J-M Manufacturing Company, Inc., PW Pipe, or Approved Equal.
4.6 GRAVITY HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PIPE 4.6.1 Gravity HDPE Pipe Less Than 18-Inch Diameter
4.6.1.1 Materials used for the manufacture of gravity HDPE pipe and fittings less than 18-inch diameter shall be PE 3608 high-density polyethylene meeting cell classification 345464C for black per ASTM D3350. The pipe shall be listed in the Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) report TR-4 with a standard grade HDB rating of 1,600 psi at 73º F per ASTM D2837.
4.6.1.2 HDPE pipe size 4-inch and larger, IPS and DIPS, shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM F714 and AWWA C906 (IPS). Each production lot of material or pipe shall be tested for melt index, density and percent-carbon, dimensions, and ring tensile strength. The diameter and DR rating of the pipe shall be as shown on the Approved Drawings (DR17 minimum).
4.6.1.3 Clean rework materials derived from a manufacturer’s own pipe and fitting product may be used by the same manufacturer provided that the cell classification of the rework material complies with the material to which it will be added and the rework material and finished products meet the requirements of these Specifications.
4.6.1.4 HDPE pipe shall be marked with identification markings that will remain legible during normal handling and storage. The markings shall be applied at intervals not exceeding 5 feet along the pipe. Information provided in the markings shall include:
1. Nominal pipe size,
2. Standard material code designation, 3. Dimension ratio,
4. Pressure class, 5. Certification base,
6. Manufacturer’s production code, 7. Name of manufacturer.
4.6.1.5 HDPE pipe shall be designed, installed, bedded, and compacted in accordance with these Specifications and the manufacturer’s recommendations. If conditions at the time of installation vary from the conditions noted herein, the County, Engineer, pipe manufacturer, and Contractor shall determine the corrective measures necessary to prevent the pipe deflection from exceeding 2 percent.
4.6.1.6 Joints between plain end pipes shall be made by butt fusion per PPI TR-33.
Joints between the main and saddle branch fittings shall be made using saddle fusion.
The butt fusion and saddle fusion procedures used shall be per the manufacturer’s recommendations. Internal beads shall be removed on all butt fused joints. Fusion shall only be done by persons that have been trained using the manufacturer’s recommended procedures. Personnel shall provide current certification indicating they have been trained in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements. The assembled joint shall be subject to air testing in accordance with Section 12.2.3.
4.6.1.7 Electrofusion couplers shall be designed and manufactured according to ASTM F1055. The couplers shall be produced from a pre-blended virgin resin that has a PPI listing of PE 3608, and shall be tested according to AWWA C906. The pipe ends and coupling shall be cleaned and prepared according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations prior to installation. The electrofusion procedures used shall be per the manufacturer’s recommendations. Internal beads shall be removed on all
electrofused joints. Fusion shall only be done by persons that have been trained using the manufacturers recommended procedures. Personnel shall provide current
certification indicating they have been trained in accordance with the manufacturer’s requirements.
4.6.1.8 The pipe and fittings shall be DriscoPlex ® 4600 (IPS) or 4700 (DIPS) as manufactured by Performance Pipe, similar product by JM Eagle (IPS or DIPS), or Approved Equal.
4.6.2 Gravity HDPE Pipe 18-Inch Diameter and Larger
4.6.2.1 Gravity HDPE pipe and fittings size 18-inch and larger shall conform to ASTM F894 for large-diameter, profile wall polyethylene sewer and drain pipe. Materials used for the manufacture of the pipe and fittings shall be high-density polyethylene meeting cell classification of 345444E for white or near-white per ASTM D3350. The pipe resin shall conform to all requirements of ASTM D1248, Type III, Class C, Grade P34, with a Plastic Pipe Institute (PPI) listing of PE 3408. The long-term hydrostatic strength shall be 1,250 psi, and the hydrostatic design stress shall be 650 psi, as determined by ASTM D2837. The Contractor shall submit copies of all test results as required herein when submitting the Manufacturer’s Certificate of Compliance.
4.6.2.2 The minimum Ring Stiffness Constant (RSC) value for the pipe shall be as specified on the Approved Drawings, or 90 percent of the nominal class value when tested in accordance with Section 8.5 of ASTM F894, whichever is greater. There shall be no evidence of splitting, cracking, or breaking when the pipe is flattened to 40 percent of its original diameter in accordance with Section 8.6 of ASTM F894. Sample size for RSC and flattening tests shall be one sample per size and class of pipe. The County shall have free access to the testing and inspection areas of the manufacturer’s plant.
4.6.2.3 The average nominal inside diameter shall be true to the specified pipe size and within the tolerances given in Table 1 of ASTM F894. Except for mandrel breakout lines running in the direction of flow and mold marks, the inner wall of the pipe shall be smooth and have no visible circumferential weld seems so as to provide a typical Manning N factor of 0.010 for clean water. Per ASTM F894, slight lines and mold marks are permissible provided that they do not result in variations of the inside diameter of more than ⅛ inch from that obtained on adjacent unaffected portions of the surface.
Ends of closed profile pipe shall be factory sealed to prevent leakage through the profile channel. Standard laying lengths shall be 20 feet.
4.6.2.4 Clean rework materials derived from a manufacturer’s own pipe and fitting product may be used by the same manufacturer provided that the cell classification of the rework material complies with the material to which it will be added and the rework material and finished products meet the requirements of these Specifications.
4.6.2.5 The pipe shall be clearly marked with the ASTM F894 designation, the nominal pipe size, the RSC class, material cell classification, and the manufacturer’s name and production code.
4.6.2.6 Pipe joining shall be effected by compressing a gasket between a bell and a spigot, which are integrally wound onto the pipe wall with no external weld or fusion. The gasket shall be contained in a machine groove on the pipe spigot except for pipe used to connect to HDPE manholes, fittings, and structures. Pipe connecting to HDPE
manholes, fittings, and structures shall have a smooth surface suitable for gasket
sealing. Gaskets shall be molded rubber or, if approved by the County, produced from an extruded shape approved by the pipe manufacturer and spliced into circular form, and shall conform to the non-pressure requirements of ASTM F477. Lubricant used for joint
assembly shall have no detrimental effect on the gasket or the pipe. Joints shall show no signs of leakage when tested in accordance with ASTM D3212. The assembled joint shall be subject to air testing in accordance with Section 12.2.3.
4.6.2.7 The pipe shall be stored, loaded, unloaded, installed, bedded, compacted, and backfilled in complete accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations, unless otherwise specifically directed or authorized in writing by the County.
4.6.2.8 A manufacturer’s representative shall be on site during start-up construction to instruct work crews and ensure compliance with installation regulations. The
manufacturer’s representative shall remain on site for a minimum of 8 hours for each crew utilized, or until the Contractor has demonstrated competence in the method employed by the Contractor for this type of pipe installation.
4.6.2.9 The pipe shall be Spirolite ® pipe manufactured by Industrial Pipe Fittings, or Approved Equal.
4.7 PRESSURE HIGH-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE (HDPE) PIPE
4.7.1 Pressure HDPE pipe used for pressure/force main sewers shall conform to all specifications under Section 4.6.1 of these Specifications (Gravity HDPE Pipe Less Than 18-Inch Diameter) except that the wall thickness shall be DR11 minimum, and pipe sizes
1-¼ inch through 3 inch (IPS) shall be manufactured in accordance with ANSI/AWWA C901 and to the requirements of ASTM D3035, and the assembled joints shall be subject to pressure testing in accordance with Section 12.3.
4.8 PIPING ACCESSORIES
4.8.1 Flexible Couplings. Straight, transition, and long-barrel couplings shall be Romac Industries, Inc. Style 501. Flexible couplings do not provide protection against possible pullout of pipe ends in unrestrained conditions. When required by the Approved Drawings, restrained joints shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation.
Restraints shall be designed for 150 percent of the maximum working pressure of the applicable service. No Fernco-type couplings shall be used.
4.8.2 Flanged Coupling Adapters. Flanged coupling adapters shall be Romac Industries, Inc. Style FCA501. When required by the Approved Drawings, restrained joints shall be provided in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendation. Restraints shall be designed for 150 percent of the maximum working pressure of the applicable service.
4.8.3 Couplings for threaded pipe shall be extra-heavy recessed, of the same material as the pipe to which attached. Bolted, compression-type couplings shall be provided where shown on the Approved Drawings, as manufactured by Romac Industries, Inc., or Approved Equal. Gaskets shall be suitable for the pressure, fluids, and temperature in the pipeline.
4.8.4 Couplings for joining different pipe types shall be a gasket by gasket type. Couplings shall produce a smooth interior transition between upstream and downstream pipes. Fittings shall be one-piece injection molded or fabricated from a PVC compound meeting ASTM D1748. Solvent-weld bells shall be as defined in ASTM D3034 and ASTM F679. Gasket bells shall conform to ASTM D3212 and ASTM F477. Fittings shall also conform to ASTM F913 and ASTM F1336. Couplings shall be manufactured by Specified Fittings, Inc., or Approved Equal.
4.8.5 Cast iron body coupling systems may be used for coupling pipes outside of vaults and pump stations. Cast iron body coupling systems shall consist of a sewage-resistant synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride sleeve, Type 301 or better stainless steel bands, and a tightening mechanism designed to compress the sleeve to form a watertight and airtight seal when the joint is assembled as approved by the County. The coupling shall produce a smooth interior transition between upstream and downstream pipes. Couplings shall be as manufactured by Romac Industries, Inc., or Approved Equal.
4.8.6 Prior to coupling installation, the Contractor shall thoroughly clean oil, scale, rust, and dirt from the pipe to provide a clean seat for the gasket. Gaskets shall be wiped clean before they are installed. If necessary, flexible couplings and flanged coupling adaptor gaskets may be lubricated with soapy water or the manufacturer’s standard lubricant before installation on the pipe ends. Couplings shall be installed in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations. Bolts shall be tightened progressively, drawing up bolts on opposite sides a little at a time until all bolts have a uniform tightness. Workmen
tightening bolts shall be equipped with torque-limiting wrenches. Joints made using
couplings shall be subject to testing in accordance with Section 12 of these Specifications.
4.8.7 Seals for pipe sleeves shall be bolt-up type consisting of interlocking synthetic rubber links shaped to continuously fill the annular space between the pipe and the sleeve. When
4.8.7 Seals for pipe sleeves shall be bolt-up type consisting of interlocking synthetic rubber links shaped to continuously fill the annular space between the pipe and the sleeve. When