Printing and including display objects

There are several ways of getting display objects out of windows for printing or including in a document. If, for example, you simply want to take what you see in the f-structure window and send it to a printer, you can select the Hardcopy command in the menu that comes up when you click with the right button in the window. This will automatically send the image to your “default printer”, which you must set up in your site initialization file. Thus, if MYPRINTER is the name of your postscript printer, you would say

(SETQ IL:DEFAULTPRINTINGHOST ’(MYPRINTER))

in your initialization file or in an executive window. This will cause the system to create a postscript file and then execute a platform-specific procedure for sending the file to the printer with that name. On a Unix platform, for example, the shell command lpr is invoked to transmit the file. GWB can also create files in the Interpress format and transmit them to Xerox printers.

Alternatively, you can slide to the right off of the Hardcopy menu item, and you will be given a choice as to whether you want the image to be printed on some other printer, or whether you want it to be put on a postscript file in your file system, which you can then send to the printer (or ftp to someone else) at a later time. You make up the name of the file, but you probably should give it the extension .ps to make sure that it is identified as postscript.

You may also want to take c-structures, f-structures, f-descriptions, or the chart out of their windows and put them into a TEdit file, along with other information, comments, discussion, etc. To do that, you have to open a TEdit window (e.g., use the TEdit item in the right-buttton background menu). Then, with the type-in caret blinking in the TEdit window at the position where you want the insertion to appear, hold down the SHIFT key and point at a tree or f-structure, and click the left button. The tree or f-structure should now appear in your TEdit document (you may have to scroll or reshape the window to make it visible). If you hold

Display Windows

the SHIFT key and click in the f-description window, you can transfer the set of constraints into the TEdit document as editable text. When you release the mouse key, a menu will pop up to ask you whether or not you want an Ascii-only version of the equations. This format is best if the document is to be sent as a plain-text file (for example, as Email) to a non-Medley environment, since it translates all the mathematical symbols and projection designators into charaters and strings in the 127-character U.S. Ascii encoding. When you have finished composing your document, you can print the it by using the hardcopy item in the menu that comes up when you click with the right-button in that window’s title bar. You can also save the TEdit file for future use. Plain-text files can be exported to other computing environments.

Finally, you can make snapshots of any portion of the screen by using the Snap command on the background menu. This will create a bitmap of whatever portion of the screen that you want. This is useful for temporarily saving a tree or f-structure for comparison with other trees or f-structures. It is possible to include snapshots in a TEdit document by putting the type-in caret in a TEdit window, and then clicking the right mouse button in the background while holding down the SHIFT key. This will produce a Snap menu item. Select this item and then indicate what part of the screen you want copied. When you are done, the bitmap will appear in the TEdit document where the caret was (again, you may have to reshape or scroll the window to get it to appear). You can edit this bitmap using the menu that appears when you click in it with the left or middle mouse button.

Display Windows

References

Baader, F., Bürckert, H-J., Nebel, B., Nutt, W., and Smolka, G. (1991) On the expressivity of feature logics with negation, functional uncertainty, and sort equations. Research Report RR-91-01, DFKI, Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Bresnan, J. (1982a) Control and complementation. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982, 282–390.

Bresnan, J. (1982b) The passive in lexical theory. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982, 3–86.

Bresnan, J. (1982c) Polyadicity. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982, 149–172.

Bresnan, J. and Kanerva, J. (1989) Locative inversion in Chichewa: a case study of factorization in grammar. Linguistic Inquiry 20 (1), 1-50.

Dalrymple, M., Kaplan, R., Maxwell, J., & Zaenen, A. (eds.), Formal issues in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1995.

Gazdar, G., Klein, E., Pullum, G., and Sag, I. (1985) Generalized phrase structure grammar. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Halvorsen, P.-K. & R. Kaplan. (1988) Projection and semantic description in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fifth Generation Computer Systems, Tokyo, November 1116-1122. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 279-292. Kaplan, R. (1987) Three seductions of computational psycholinguistics. In P. Whitelock, H.

Somers, P. Bennett, R. Johnson, and M. Wood, Linguistic Theory and Computer Applications. London: Academic Press, 149–188. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 339-367.

Kaplan, R. (1989) The formal architecture of lexical-functional grammar. Journal of Information Science and Engineering 5, 305-322, 1989. Also appeared in Proceedings of ROCLING II, Taipei, Republic of China, 3–18. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 7-27.

Kaplan, R. & Bresnan, J. Lexical-functional grammar: A formal system for grammatical representation. In J. Bresnan (ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982, 173–281. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 29-130. Kaplan, R. & Maxwell, J. (1988a) An algorithm for functional uncertainty. Proceedings of

COLING 88, Budapest, 297–302. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 177-197.

Kaplan, R. & Maxwell, J. (1988b) Constituent coordination in Lexical-Functional Grammar. Proceedings of COLING 88, Budapest, 303–305. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 199-210.

Kaplan, R. & Maxwell, J. (1993) The interface between phrasal and functional constraints. Computational Linguistics 19, 571-590. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 403-429. Kaplan, R. & Wedekind, J. (1993) Restriction and correspondence-based translation.

Proceedings of the Sixth Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics European Chapter, Utrecht, 404-411.

Kaplan, R. & Zaenen, A. (1989a) Functional precedence and constituent structure. Proceedings of ROCLING II, Taipei, Republic of China, 19–40.

Kaplan, R. & Zaenen, A (1989b). Long-distance dependencies, constituent structure, and functional uncertainty. In M. Baltin and A. Kroch (eds.), Alternative conceptions of phrase structure. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 17–42. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 137-165.

Kaplan, R., Netter, K., Wedekind, J., & Zaenen, A. (1989) Translation by structural correspondences. Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Association for Computational Linguistics European Chapter, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, 272–281. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 311-329.

Keller, B. (1991) Feature logics, infinitary descriptions and the logical treatment of grammar. Cognitive Science Research Report 205, University of Sussex.

Maxwell, J. & Kaplan, R. (1991) A method for disjunctive constraint satisfaction. In M. Tomita (ed.), Current issues in parsing technology. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 173-190. Also appears in Dalrymple et al., 1995, 381-401.

Pollard, C. & Sag, I. (1994). Head-driven phrase structure grammar. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.

Xerox Systems Institute (1987) Character code standard. Xerox Corporation, document XNSS 058710.

Zaenen, A. and Kaplan, R. (1995) Formal devices for linguistic generalizations: West Germanic word order in LFG. In Dalrymple et al., 1995, 215-239.

1. Regular predicates

Appendix