Project Management Knowledge Areas

The field of project management consists of the following knowledge areas that combine to accomplish a given project. These areas include: (Table 2.5)

1) Integration Management:

This area drives the project forward by developing plans for execution that help to integrate management roles. Integration management entails development by making alterations to ensure that aims are being met by offering various remunerations to the stakeholders of the project. It gives assurance by fulfilling the needs and prerequisites of the project by close synchronisation during the initial design stages.

61 2) Scope Management:

This area contributes to success by promoting effective collaboration and incorporating the fundamentals of project management in order to achieve the intended results. It is done by taking various resources that allows project to extend scope of better construction and optimistic effects on project management.

3) Time Management:

This is another key area that contributes towards project success for reaching key objectives. Time management is crucial in project management and plays an essential role in developing and structuring the actions of team members.

4) Cost Management:

Effective project management must be efficient at managing costs and initial estimations by ensuring the inclusion of all key areas (Gido and Clements, 2014). This aspect can be achieved using techniques such as the Earned Value management practice that controls the budget of the project.

5) Quality Management:

Quality management demands that criteria (i.e. specification of aims and needs) be determined in order to gauge the successful completion of the project. It contributes to the fulfilment of the project by ensuring the delivery of the expected outcomes. 6) Human Resource Management:

The human resource management is an organisational aid in controlling cohesion regarding team work and leading effective management of project processes.

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They contribute to consistency by gathering all significant aspects for client satisfaction on completion of the project.

7) Communication Management:

Communication among team members is a vital component that affects the appropriate progress of the project by connecting people in terms of their interaction. Through successful communication paths, management can gather new designs and concepts that may help to improve the efficient management of the project. Project completion is entirely based on processes like planning, delivery, recovery, construction and monitoring of key information.

8) Risk Management:

Risk management plays an essential part in project completion; competence in this area helps to minimise issues and maximises chances of effective progress of construction. It extends the scope of success by planning of and control over fundamentals that guide the project manager to obtain successful outcomes.

9) Procurement Management:

This area of management exerts control over suppliers and has command over appropriate legal information concerning the project; it further maintains the integrity of the project by provisioning for external factors in order to minimise risk. It may include outsourcing large-scale projects, and requires the acquisition of resources in order to provide effective results (Gido and Clements, 2014).

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A fundamental knowledge area of project management includes the effective management of stakeholders, which entails engagement of contributors and people working with the organisation on a particular project.

Table 2.5 Knowledge areas and project management institutions

Organisation BSI ISO PMI APM GOC PMCC IPMA Country UK International USA UK UK Japan International

Last Version

Code BS 6079-1 ISO 21500 PMBOK PMBOK PRINCE2 P2M ICB3

Last Version Year 2010 2012 2013 2012 2009 2008 2006

Cost Management Cost Management Cost Management

Financial and Cost Management

Business Case Finance Cost, Finance Managing scope Scope

Management

Scope Management

Scope

Management Business Case

Project content, Scope Managing

Schedule Time Management

Time Management Schedule Management Plans, Business Case Schedules

Managing Risk Risk Management Risk Management

Risk

Management Risk Risk Managing

Resources

Resource

management Resources Resources Managing Quality Quality

Management Quality Management Quality Management Quality Human Resource Management Human Resource

Management Organization Organization

Team (building) & Project Organisation Managing Communications Communication Management Communication Management Communicatio ns Managing Stakeholders Stakeholder Management Stakeholder

Management Relationships Stakeholders Managing Procurement Procurement Management Procurement Management Procurement, Contracts Managing Planning Integration Management Integration Management Integrative Management Controlling Change Change Managing Configuration Configurations Strategy Strategies Objectives Objectives Managing

Benefits Progress Systems

Project Phases, Life Cycle Managing Reporting Information Technology

Managing Issues Value

Managing Documentation Knowledge Area

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2.11 Summary

This chapter began by defining the key words project, project management and engineering project management, then reviewing a brief history of project management. Five periods were covered in the development of modern PM, including the first period (prior to 1958) until the fifth period (2012 - present day). Also, the evolution of the concepts, methods and techniques of project management in recent decades through the use of digital tools was reviewed. The PM constraints of the triple constraint, the diamond and sustainable PM star were also discussed. In addition, approaches to managing cost, time, quality, social, and environmental constraints of projects were outlined, in which project managers play a major role in their integration.

This chapter also reviewed the major sources of knowledge for PM, which were divided into professional associations such as the IPMA, APM and PMI, as well as standards institutions including the BSI, ANSI and ISO, highlighting the most influential standards and guides published to date. This overview was followed by a brief explanation of PM methodologies, such as Six Sigma, PRINCE2, GAPPS, and P2M. The next section outlined key knowledge areas and processes in project management.

The next chapter will highlight the existing literature on project management best practices and review related studies.

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