CHAPTER QUIZ Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
____ 1. Which of the following memory aids may be used when evaluating a patient ’s level of responsiveness?
A. CAB B. AVPU C. ABCDE D. OPQRST
____ 2. Upon finding an unresponsive adult patient, you called for help and asked that someone get an AED or defibrillator. Your next action should be to:
A. Begin chest compressions.
B. Reposition the patient ’s head.
C. Open the airway and begin rescue breathing.
D. Simultaneously look for breathing and feel for a pulse.
____ 3. During which phase of a cardiac arrest is CPR performed?
A. No-flow phase B. Prearrest phase C. Low-flow phase
D. Postresuscitation phase
____ 4. The purpose of the primary survey is to:
A. Perform a detailed head-to-toe physical examination.
B. Determine the number of personnel needed to assist in the patient ’s care.
C. Focus on the patient ’s chief complaint/reason for seeking medical assistance.
D. Detect the presence of life-threatening problems that require rapid intervention.
____ 5. Shockable cardiac arrest rhythms include:
A. Asystole and PEA.
B. pVT and asystole.
C. PEA and VF.
D. VF and pVT.
____ 6. Which of the following is (are) the initial cardiac rhythm(s) typically recorded in an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest?
A. Asystole
B. Idioventricular rhythm, PEA C. VF, pVT
D. pVT, PEA
____ 7. During the primary survey, for what length of time should you assess for the presence of a pulse?
A. Check for a pulse for no more than 3 seconds.
B. Check for a pulse for no more than 5 seconds.
C. Check for a pulse for at least 5 seconds but no more than 10 seconds.
D. Check for a pulse for at least 10 seconds but no more than 30 seconds.
____ 8. Which of the following is a common cause of excessive intrathoracic pressure during CPR?
A. Hyperventilation
B. Inability to open the victim’s airway C. Inadequate rate of chest compressions
D. Frequent interruptions for rhythm/pulse checks 18 CHAPTER 1 Emergency Cardiovascular Care
Matching
Match the components of patient assessment with their descriptions . A. General impression
B. Primary survey C. Secondary survey
____ 9. Establish vascular access
____ 10. From a distance, assess the patient ’s breathing effort ____ 11. Insert an advanced airway, if needed
____ 12. Open the airway if the patient is unresponsive ____ 13. From a distance, assess skin color
____ 14. Obtain a 12-lead ECG if appropriate
____ 15. Apply pads to the patient ’s bare chest and defibrillate if indicated
____ 16. Obtain vital signs; attach a pulse oximeter, cardiac monitor, and BP monitor
CHAPTER QUIZ ANSWERS Multiple Choice
1. B. The AVPU acronym is used to quickly assess a patient ’s level of responsiveness. AVPU – Alert, responds to verbal stimuli, responds to painful stimuli, unresponsive. ABCDE is an acronym that reflects the components of the primary survey. OPQRST is an acronym that is used when evaluating a patient ’s complaint of pain. CAB is an acronym that emphasizes the importance of performing chest compressions first, followed by opening the airway and assessing breathing, in victims of car-diac arrest.
OBJ: Differentiate between the purposes and components of the primary and secondary surveys.
2. D. If you find an unresponsive patient, call for help and ask someone to get an AED or defibrillator.
Look at the chest for movement while simultaneously feeling for a carotid pulse for up to 10 seconds.
Gasping, if present, is abnormal breathing and should not be interpreted as a sign of effective breath-ing. If the patient has no pulse, begin chest compressions. If the patient is breathing normally, con-tinue monitoring until additional help arrives. If the patient is not breathing normally but a pulse is present, provide rescue breathing and recheck for a pulse about every 2 minutes.
OBJ: Discuss a systematic approach to the initial emergency care of an unresponsive patient.
3. C. Four phases of cardiac arrest have been described: (1) the prearrest phase, (2) the no-flow phase, (3) the low-flow phase, and (4) the postresuscitation phase ( Berg, et al., 2010). The prearrest phase is the period that precedes cardiac arrest. The no-flow phase reflects untreated cardiac arrest. The low-flow phase begins with the onset of CPR. During this phase of cardiac arrest, the only source of cor-onary and cerebral perfusion pressures comes from the BP generated by high-quality chest compres-sions. The postresuscitation phase begins with the ROSC.
OBJ: Discuss the phases of a cardiac arrest.
4. D. The primary survey is a rapid hands-on assessment to detect the presence of life-threatening problems and immediately correct them.
OBJ: Differentiate between the purposes and components of the primary and secondary surveys.
5. D. The four cardiac arrest rhythms are pVT, VF, asystole, and PEA. pVT and VF are shockable rhythms. Defibrillation is not indicated for asystole or PEA.
OBJ: Differentiate between shockable and nonshockable cardiac arrest rhythms.
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OBJ: Differentiate between the purposes and components of the primary and secondary surveys.
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OBJ: Discuss common barriers to effective CPR and possible actions that can be taken to overcome them.
Matching 9. C
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20 CHAPTER 1 Emergency Cardiovascular Care
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