Questions for the Data

The literature review and the pilot study helped identify the following questions to be explored within the data. The possible information that could be thus derived is presented below each of the questions.

Q1 What ‘type’ of charitable organisations have been established in the community and

voluntary sector each decade since 1885?

‘Type’ is defined by:

 the ‘sectors’ that organisations operate in

 the ‘beneficiaries’ they service

 the ‘activities’ they undertake

This would allow us to examine the development of charities within the various social sectors.

Q2 What are the noticeable trends in the type of organisations that were established in the four historical periods discussed in Publication 2: The History of the Non-profit Sector in New Zealand (Tennant et al., 2008):

 pre-colonial to 1880

 1880-1945

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 1940 to mid-1980, and

 1984 to recent times

This would allow us to examine the change in sector priorities and services offered during different periods in New Zealand society.

Q3 What is the relationship between population change (noted through census 1996, 2001 and 2006 statistics) and number of charities established?

This would help us to establish the relationship (if any) between change in population statistics across the three sets of census data and change in the number of charities established in the sector i.e. is it likely that the number of charities increases with an increase in population or decreases or that there is no significant relationship between the two?

Q4 What is the relationship between socio-economic deprivation of an area and number of charities that exist in that area?

This would help us to establish the relationship (if any) between socio-economic deprivation of an area and the number of charities established in that area i.e. are there likely to be more charities in higher socio-economic deprivation areas or lower socio-economic deprivation areas or is there no relationship between the two?

Q5 What other social sectors do charities belonging to each social sector operate in?

And, within each social sector how many charities operate only in their own sector and how many operate in other sectors as well?

This would show us how many charities operate in one sector and how many operate in more than one sector? Information about the cross-sector contribution of charities could help us understand the level of cross-sector activity in the community and voluntary sector that may not be visible when only primary social sector categories are used to define them.

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Q6 What are the various sources of funds for community and voluntary sector charities?

Which funding sources are accessed more than others? What are the notable trends among charities of various income groups with regards to sources of funds?

This would help us identify any notable differences between income sources for low income groups compared to high income groups?

Q7 What is the level of government and non-government funding allocated to different social sectors?

This would help us draw comparisons between government and non-government funding across the different social sectors and also understand the level of reliance on government and non-government funding across different social sectors.

Q8 What funding sources are used by charities in different sectors and regions? What level of government funding is distributed among charities in different social sectors?

This would help us to gain information about the sources of funds used by charities across different social sectors and geographical areas and to understand the distribution of government funding and the level of reliance on government funding as compared to other income sources across different social sectors.

Q9 Among the ‘Health’ and ‘Migrants / refugees’ sectors:

a How many charities have been established in the ‘Health’ sector since 1885?

How many of the ‘Health’ sector charities receive government funding? How many of the government funded ‘Health’ sector charities are PHOs? And, what comparisons can be made about the level of government funding within the

‘Health’ sector and (government funding) for PHOs within the ‘Health’ sector charities?

b How many ‘Migrants / refugees’ benefitting charities have been established since 1885? How many of them receive government funding? How many of the government funded ‘Migrants / refugees’ benefitting charities are one of the many English Language Partners (ELP) organisations? And what comparisons

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can be made about the level of government funding for ‘Migrants / refugees’

benefitting charities and for ELP organisations among the ‘Migrants / refugees’

benefitting charities?

PHOs operating in the ‘Health’ sector and ELPs operating in the ‘Migrants / refugees’ sector are examples of non-profits established essentially for the purpose of implementing government policy. This exploration would help analyse the proportion of government funding that is channelled towards such organisations within their relevant sectors.

These questions were then grouped under the following headings to help organise and present the findings.

I. Community and Voluntary Sector Dynamics

i. Establishment of Charities ii. Sector Priorities

iii. Cross-sector Activity

II. Funding Sources

i. Funding Sources for Social Sectors ii. Funding Sources for Regions

iii. Income Contribution from Funding Sources

iv. Funding Sources for Low and High Income groups

III. Government Activity in the Charitable Sector

i. Government Funding Distribution

ii. Government and Non-government Funding iii. Charities Implementing Government Policy

IV. Other Considerations for Policy and Funding

i. Effect of Population Change

ii. Socio-economic Deprivation Factor

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