TEACHER INFORMATION
Quotation marks ( ‘ ’ ) are used to:
• enclose direct speech; e.g. ‘I can see you’, said Tim.
• show quotations within quotations; e.g. ‘The song is called “Insects”, I think’, said Maya.
• enclose words that the writer may not be using in their usual sense; e.g. The learner driver
‘kangaroo-hopped’ down the road.
• enclose the meaning of a word; e.g. The Spanish word ‘siesta’ means a ‘short nap’.
• enclose titles of books, songs, special names, plays etc. (in handwritten work); e.g. ‘The lion king’ was playing.
Prim-Ed Publishing® follows guidelines for punctuation and grammar as recommended by the Style manual for authors, editors and printers, sixth edition, 2002. Note, however, that teachers should use their preferred guidelines if there is a conflict.
Answers
1. (a) ‘I’m really disappointed that I was too sick to visit’, she told her grandmother.
(b) He told the gathering, ‘In my opinion, whales are the most fantastic creatures in the world’.
(c) ‘This competition will be judged by three people and the decision is final’, the host said.
(d) Our teacher repeated, ‘The instruction is clear. Do not include any information from unauthorised sites’.
2. (a) ‘I really don’t like arguing with you’, she told her brother. ‘Can’t you just leave it as it is?’
(b) ‘I’m sure I’d like an occupation similar to yours’, I told my uncle. ‘I like the idea of creating things.’
(c) ‘It’s not necessary for you to behave like that,’ his father warned him. ‘I know it’s out of character, so tell me what‘s wrong.’
(d) ‘Just let me know what decision you make,’ he asked Oscar. ‘Then I can ask my parents for permission to go with you.’
3. (a) ‘The salesman asked me, “What quote did you get from the other store?”’ she told her husband.
(b) The official said, ‘I presume your coach has warned, “Don’t false start”, because I will eliminate you from the race’.
(c) She said to me, ‘The film is called “Zoe’s garden” and I thoroughly enjoyed it’.
(d) ‘Can I make a suggestion?’ she asked. ‘Why don‘t you simply call it “Kane’s Story”?’
4. Owen called and asked, ‘Have you got time to come over for a visit?’ I thought about it for a second and said, ‘Sure, but I can‘t stay for long. I’m going out with my parents later’. ‘That’s fine,’ Owen said. ‘I just want to show you some designs I finished.’ ‘Great, I’ll be there soon’, I told him.
5. Answers will vary.
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PUPIL NAME
Quotation marks are used to show the exact words that someone has spoken.
1. Show where the quotation marks should be.
(a) I’m really disappointed that I was too sick to visit , she told her grandmother.
(b) He told the gathering , In my opinion , whales are the most fantastic creatures in the world . (c) This competition will be judged by three people and the decision is final , the host said.
(d) Our teacher repeated , The instruction is clear. Do not include any information from unauthorised sites . 2. Use quotation marks to show the speech breaks.
(a) I really don’t like arguing with you , she told her brother. Can’t you just leave it as it is?
(b) I’m sure I’d like an occupation similar to yours , I told my uncle . I like the idea of creating things.
(c) It‘s not necessary for you to behave like that , his father warned him. I know it‘s out of character, so tell me what’s wrong.
(d) Just let me know what decision you make , he asked Oscar. Then I can ask my parents for permission to go with you.
Quotation marks can be used for quotations within quotations.
Double quotation marks are used for the ‘inside quotation‘.
3. Use quotation marks to show the two sets of quotations in each sentence.
(a) The salesman asked me , What quote did you get from the other store? she told her husband.
(b) The official said, I presume your coach has warned, Don‘t false start , because I will eliminate you from the race .
(c) She said to me , The film is called Zoe’s garden and I thoroughly enjoyed it . (d) Can I make a suggestion? she asked. Why don‘t you simply call it Kane’s Story ?
4. The quotation marks are incorrectly placed. Write the passage correctly. Remember, each new speaker starts on a new line.
‘Owen called and asked,’ Have you got time to come over for a visit? ‘I thought about it for a second’ and said,
‘Sure, but I can‘t stay for long.’ I’m going out with my parents later. ‘That’s fine, Owen said.’ I just want to show you some designs. Great, ‘I’ll be there soon, I told him.’
5. Use quotation marks and write something:
(a) a computer saleswoman might say to a customer (b) a director might say to an actor
(c) an instructor might say to a learner driver.
Quotation marks
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Punctuation
Apostrophes
TEACHER INFORMATION
An apostrophe ( ’ ) is used:
• in contractions to show where letters have been dropped; e.g. I’ve taken it.
She’s taken it.
• to show ownership with nouns in the possessive case, e.g. the boy’s bag, the children’s bags
• when parts of words are left out to show the way a character speaks; e.g. I like ‘em.
When used to show ownership, the apostrophe is placed directly after the owner(s); e.g. a lady’s hat, the ladies’ hats, the Smiths’ dog, Mrs Jones’s cat.
Possessive pronouns—its, his, hers, ours, yours—do not use an apostrophe.
Answers
1. (a) teacher’s (b) Riley’s (c) driver’s
(d) team’s (e) man’s
2. (a) computers’ (b) Ross’s, waiters’
(c) members’, council’s (d) footballers’, coaches’
(e) ladies’, community’s
3. (a) don’t she’s I’ll mother’s (b) G’day that’s he’d (c) voters’ politcian’s wouldn’t (d) men’s there’s everyone’s (e) swimmer’s team’s
4. (a) The charity’s members were all volunteers.
(b) It was hard to believe the child’s behaviour was so awful.
(c) We heard the referee’s decision loud and clear.
(d) I was excited before my cousin’s wedding.
(e) The man’s cigarette smoke was disgusting.
(f) The pressure on the athlete’s nerves was extreme.
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PUPIL NAME
An apostrophe is used to show ownership. It is placed directly after the owner(s). It can also be used to replace missing letters when two words are contracted and when parts of a word are left to show the way a character speaks.
1. Underline the owner and clearly show where the apostrophe should be. For example: Amy’s hair is blonde.
(a) The teachers new car was parked in the staff car park.
(b) Rileys suggestion was to design a large mural.
(c) The truck was noisy so the drivers music was turned up loud.
(d) I noticed that the teams uniform was red, white and black.
(e) The lawnmower mans trailer was full of equipment.
2. Underline the words that need an apostrophe and clearly show where the apostrophe should be.
(a) All the computers hard drives needed to be updated before the start of school.
(b) Rosss restaurant was open six nights a week and the waiters shifts started at 4.30 pm.
(c) Five of the members arguments were heard at the councils general meeting.
(d) As a team, the footballers skills were terrible and the two coaches roles needed to be looked at.
(e) The ladies meeting was held to discuss the communitys contributions to the fundraiser.
3. Clearly show where all the apostrophes should be in each sentence.
(a) I dont know why shes absent today but Ill get her mothers number and call her to ask.
(b) The tourist asked if all Aussies said ‘Gday mate’ because thats what hed heard was true.
(c) The voters reactions to the politicians speech were varied, with some saying they wouldnt want to see him elected.
(d) The mens issues will be discussed when theres a suitable location found and everyones available.
(e) The experienced swimmers advantage was obvious when she beat the teams younger competitors.
4. Rewrite each sentence using an apostrophe where needed; eg. I heard the screams of the passenger after the accident. I heard the passenger‘s screams after the accident.
(a) The members of the charity were all volunteers.
(b) It was hard to believe the behaviour of the child was so awful.
(c) We heard the decision of the referee loud and clear.
(d) I was excited before the wedding of my cousin.
(e) The smoke from the mans cigarette was disgusting.
(f) The pressure on the athletes nerves was extreme.
Apostrophes
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Punctuation
Colons
TEACHER INFORMATION
A colon ( : ) is used to introduce more information, which could be a list of words, phrases, clauses or a quotation; e.g. Use the following: eggs, bacon, milk, salt and pepper.
Answers 1. (a) For the recipe you will need:
(b) The mystery was solved:
(c) Wanted:
(d) The man was worried:
(e) Handyman available:
2. Answers will vary.
3. Answers will vary.
4. (a) The contents included:
(b) The competitors are:
(c) The prize:
(d) Information required:
(e) Your itinerary is as follows:
5. Answers will vary.
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PUPIL NAME
A colon ( : ) is a punctuation mark used to introduce additional information.
It can be used to introduce:
• a word or phrase that expands, summarises or illustrates what has come before • a series of items that give more information about what has come before • a dot-point series that provides more information
• the subtitles of books etc.
1. Show where the colon should be in each of these.
(a) For the recipe you will need lettuce, cheese, tomato, mayonnaise and mustard.
(b) The mystery was solved the dog had taken the baby‘s toy.
(c) Wanted junior office worker to start immediately.
(d) The man was worried his wife had failed to arrive on time.
(e) Handyman available no job too small or too big.
2. Create a dot-point series to show the main responsibilities you have on a weekly basis.
3. Write or create five book, film or game titles that have a subtitle added.
4. Show where the colon should be in each of these.
(a) The contents included spelling, punctuation, grammar and phonics.
(b) The competitors are T O’Callaghan, M Martin, S Roberts, B Baker and L Taylor.
(c) The prize two first class return tickets to Paris, with accommodation and all meals.
(d) Information required full name, phone number, age, gender and preference.
(e) Your itinerary is as follows depart Los Angeles 5.55 pm, arrive Honolulu 8.50 pm.
5. Add more information after each colon.
(a) The countries involved are as follows:
(b) These celebrities were seen at the premiere:
(c) Occupations advertised include:
(d) Applications installed on this computer:
(e) Charities benefiting from this fundraiser include:
Colons
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Punctuation