'rcle KLEK7

AARICLRICL @4 9 R @4 9 RHL0HL0 OROR $NALI0$NALI0 WI>WI> 3 3$RIO-0$RIO-0

 In accordance w2 Ar%cles  whether there are aDendin$ circmstances

irst rulirst rul

 if neither a mi"an" or a""ravan" circumstance is !resent Y medium period is im!osed

0con# rul0con# rul

 if there is ami"an" circumstance Y minimum period is im!osed

hir# rulhir# rul

 if there is ana""ravan" circumstance Y maimum period is im!osed

ourth rulourth rul

 if there isboth a mi"an" and a""ravan" circumstance Y corts shall o3set the circmstances accordin$ to rela%"e wei$ht

ih rulih rul

 if there are B or more mi%$a%n$ circmstances and absoltel& no a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances Y the

!enalt& ne<t lower in de$ree is im!osed

0i/th rul0i/th rul

 whate"er the nmber or natre of a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances Y corts cannot im!ose a $reater !enalt&

than !rescribed b& law in ma<imm

0"nth rul0"nth rul

 Corts can determine e<tent of !enalt& within the limits of each !eriod

Mi%'a%n'Mi%'a%n' circmstance must be ordinar! Y not privile"ed

A''ra"a%n'A''ra"a%n' circmstance must be "eneric Y not Hualied or inherent

AARICLRICL @5 9 R @5 9 RHL0HL0 OROR $NALI0$NALI0 NONO ININ >R>R $RIO-0$RIO-0 -readin" ma9er)

AA^RICL^RICL @@ 9 @@ 9ÎM$O0IIONÎM$O0IION ÔÔ ^IN0^IN0

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 31 1 oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

-readin" ma9er)

U o( th ma/imum nU o( th ma/imum n is either added @for a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances or deducted @for mi%$a%n$

circmstances from the ma<imm ne

 courts must consider/

1. mi%$a%n$ or a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances 2.

2. wealth or means of the cl!rit

AARICLRICL @E 9 @E 9$NAL$NAL OROR INCOM$LINCOM$L SM$IN?SM$IN? CIRCHM0ANCCIRCHM0ANC OO ACCI-NACCI-N

 Arresto ma&or ma<imm to !rision correccional minimm "rave elonies

 Arresto ma&or minimm to Arresto ma&or medim or less "rave elonies

i"ht elonies thro$h ne$li$ence Y no penalt!

'rcle KM

AA^RICL^RICL @G 9 @G 9^{$NAL}^{$NAL} ^OR^OR ^MINOR0^MINOR0 ^HN-R^HN-R 1G 1G -repealed by :$ N344)

Minor nder =H who acted with discernment Y !enalt& two de$rees lower

'rcle K

AARICLRICL @F 9 @F 9$NAL$NAL OROR INCOM$LINCOM$L <H0IIN?<H0IIN? OROR SM$IN?SM$IN? CIRCHM0ANC0CIRCHM0ANC0

 lowered b& = or B de$rees

-a.orit! of sch condi%ons mst be !resent

In selfdefense, defense of a rela%"e, defense of a stran$er

%nlawul '""ression is indispensable

'rcle 70

AARICLRICL E= 9 E= 90HCC00I0HCC00I 0RIC0RIC OO 0NNC0NNC

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 3+ + oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

0imultanou0imultanous s 0r"ic0r"ic – if the natre of the !enal%es will so !ermit, i'e' Reclsion tem!oral and -er!etal Absolte 0is9alica%on @refer to Re&es boo( for a com!lete list of !enal%es that ca be ser"ed simltaneosl&

0uccssi" 0r"ic0uccssi" 0r"ic – if cannot be ser"ed simltaneosl& @sch as two )ail sentences shall follow the scale !ro"ided b& 'rcle 70 based in the order accordin" to severit!

3(ol# rul3(ol# rul – the ma<imm dra%on of the con"ictSs sentence shall not be more than (Eold the len$th of the %me corres!ondin$ to themost severe of the !enal%es im!osed

onl& a!!lies when the con"ict has to ser"eat least * sentences

In no case shall the sm total of !enal%es e<ceed F> &ears

In the scale, 'rresto menor comes beore deserro becase com!lete de!ri"a%on of libert& or im!risonment in arresto menor is more se"ere than des%erro

%upposin", !ou are a .ud"e, can !ou impose the sentence o L00 counts o malversaon, which is each punishable b! 1L !rs$ o imprisonment, without violan" 'rcle 706 34&, becase the fold rle does not refer to the im!osi%on of sentence bt refers to the ser"ice to the !enalt&; the corts can sentence no maDer what and no maDer how mch

7he fold rle is theconcern o the Airector o Prisons, ); of the corts

If the sm total of all the !enal%esdoes not eceed the most severe mulplied b! (, the (Eold rule does not appl!

0ra%on of con"ictsS sentence refers to se"eral !enal%es for di3erent o3ensesnot !et served out Y has to ser"e con%nos im!risonment

'rcle 71E77

AARICLRICL E1 9 E1 9?RA-HA-?RA-HA- 0CAL00CAL0

-enal%es are classied between !ersonal !enal%es @im!risonment and !oli%cal ri$hts @ss!ension,

ne, etc

Arresto ma&or is followed b& des%erro

AARICL0RICL0 E2 E2EEEE -readin" ma9er)

Ar%cle  – Accessor& !enal%es are deemed im!osed

#bsidiar& im!risonment is N.7 an accessor& !enalt&

IIN-RMINAN-RMINA 0 0NNCNNC L LAWAW &A &ACC 41=3 41=3AMN--AMN--  A ACC 42 422525))

 mandator! in natre; whether the corts li(e it or not, the& ha"e to a!!l& the same e<ce!t for those men%oned in&ec$ 2 who are disHualied

$urposJOb:c%"s o( th I0LAW$urposJOb:c%"s o( th I0LAW 1.

1. to !li and redeem "alable hman materials 2.

2. !romote economic seflness 3.

3. !re"ent nnecessar& and e<cessi"e de!ri"a%on of libert&

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 33 3 oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

7he I#LAW was enacted to benet the accsed b& allowin$ the con"ict not to ser"e the fll sentence

7hese ob)ec%"es are aDained with the a!!lica%on of the I#LAW

Cort es a =aimum term and a =inimum term

Aer ser"in$ the-inimum term, the con"ict shall be entled to parole !on e"ala%on of the 6oard of -ardons and -arole

hh QreleaseG shall b "aluat# b! th Court 6hthr th con"ict is+ shall b "aluat# b! th Court 6hthr th con"ict is+

 Ded b& trainin$ for release

 reasonable !robabilit& not to commit another crime or "iolate the law

 com!a%ble with the welfare of societ&

-ta5e note of this8 this was "i(en by &rof6 $murao)

 's applied in special penal laws

 theMa/imum trmMa/imum trm shold not be more than what is !rescribed

 theMinimum trmMinimum trm shold not be less than what is !rescribed

#ample/  yrs and 1 day to 1 yrs

 the MinimumMinimum ma& be an&where from  &rs to =F &rs, bt not less than  &rs

 theMa/imumMa/imum ma& be an&where from   = &rs' bt not more than =&rs'

 's applied in the Revised Penal Code

 the Ma/imum trmMa/imum trm shold be im!osed nder the rles of the R-C; penalt! prescribed b! law aer a!!l&in$ the le$al e3ects of mi%$a%n$ or a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances;onl! the maimum is a3ected b&

the aDendin$ circmstances

 the Minimum trmMinimum trm shold be within the ran$e of the !enalt& ne<t lower to that !rescribed b& the R-C;

the penalt! prescribed b! law, lower it immediatel! b! one de"ree, i$nore all the mi%$a%n$ or a$$ra"a%n$ circmstances

#ample:

%upposin", accidentall& &o met &or nei$hbor alon$ the road, he challen$ed &o to a $ht and &o

acce!ted the challen$e, there was a !h&sical $ht, then &o in*icted a mortal wond that cased his death in the hos!ital, &o were char$ed with homicide, becase there were no 9alif&in$

circmstances, and since there wasno mi"an" and a""ravan" !ou should be sentenced to a medium period of reclsion tem!oral @for homicide

 7o $et Minimum trmMinimum trm, immediatel& $et the !enalt& ne<t to Reclsion tem!oral, lower b& = de$ree Y

&rision mayor – an&where within -rision ma&or, the cort can decide what !eriod, re$ardless of aDendin$ circmstances

 7he Ma/imum trmMa/imum trm, considerin$ the absence of aDendin$ circmstances, is Reclsion 7em!oral medim !eriod

 7he sentence now sin$ the I#LAW is -rision ma&or in an& !eriod as the Minimm term, ! to Reclsion tem!oral medim !eriod as the Ma<imm term

If the con"ict reaches the -inimum term, he shall eli"ible or parole; terms and condi%ons can be im!osed b& the

6--Eote from &rof6 $murao/ It !a&s to be in $ood terms with the )d$e and his wife or his nmber B so &o

can $et a low Minimm term if not the lowest

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 34 4 oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

0ur"illanc $rio# #urin' $arol &0$)0ur"illanc $rio# #urin' $arol &0$) 1.

1. If there is no "iola%on drin$ the drin$ the s!ecial !eriod, the cort will isse an order for nal dischar$e

2. Le$al e3ect of a "iola%on of law or rles:

 release ma& be re"o(ed

 !rosected anew

 !rolon$ed chan$e in the terms and condi%ons of the !arole

 made to ser"e ot the remainin$ ne<!ired !or%on of the sentence

0rin$ !arole, the con(ict is as free as any normal person e<ce!t for the terms and condi%on that ha"e to be obser"ed

I0LAI0LAW is W is inapplicabl 6ith th inapplicabl 6ith th (ollo6in'+(ollo6in'+

1. prsons con"ict# o( #ath or li( imprisonmnt 1. prsons con"ict# o( #ath or li( imprisonmnt

 in terms of death, this refers to the !enalt& actall& im!osed in the con"ic%on b& the corts, not the

!enalt& !rescribed b& the law

 in terms of life imprisonment ,what i Reclusion perpetua is imposed , can the I#LAW s%ll be a!!lied6 7he #C sa&s), itSs not a!!licable

B' those con"icted of treason, !ro!osal or cons!irac& to commit treason

' those con"icted of mis!rision of treason, rebellion, sedi%on, es!iona$e F' con"icted of !irac&

' habital delin9ents

' those who esca!ed from connement

' those who "iolated the terms of condi%onal !ardon b& the -resident H' ma<imm term of im!risonment less than a &ear

E' those con"icted b& des%erro or ss!ension

 des%erro is a con"ic%on im!osed b& corts

$$ROAIONROAION L LAWAW &$- &$- F@F@G)G)

$roba%on$roba%on – a dis!osi%on nder which a defendant aer con"ic%on and sentence, is released sb)ect to the condi%ons im!osed b& the cort and to the s!er"ision of the !roba%on oPcer

Ob:c%"sJ$urposOb:c%"sJ$urpos

Critria (or 'ran%n'Critria (or 'ran%n'

 character  en"ironment  ins%t%on2commnit&

 antecedents  mental and !h&sical condi%on

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 39 9 oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

Critria (or #n!in'Critria (or #n!in'; if the con"ict:

1. needs correc%onal treatment 2.

2. has nde ris( of commi^n$ another crime 3.

3. !roba%on will de!reciate seriosness of o3ense

Inapplicabilit! o( th $roba%on La6Inapplicabilit! o( th $roba%on La6 1.

1. a con"ict sentenced to more than  &ears 2.

2. con"icted of sb"ersion other crimes of na%onal secrit& or !blic order 3.

3. a recidi"ist 4.

4. !re"iosl& !roba%oned 5.

5. alread& ser"in$ sentence

7here is rst, a )d$ment of con"ic%on im!osed b& the cort

-ura%on-ura%on

 not e<ceedin$  &ears and not dis9alied

 the accsed ma& le an a!!lica%on for !roba%on with the cort

 the cort will order an in"es%$a%on thro$h the !roba%on oPcer, all the as!ects of the life of the con"ict

 !roba%on oPcer sbmits ndin$s and recommenda%on

 aer sbmission, cort ma& den& or a!!ro"e recommenda%on and admit the accsed to !roba%on

 Cort ma& im!ose dra%on based on:  rehabilita%on

 reforma%on

 reinte$ra%on

-ura%on o( th $roba%on $rio#-ura%on o( th $roba%on $rio#

1. sentence not more than = &ear Y !roba%on is less than B &ears 2.

2. sentence more than = &ear Y !roba%on is less than  &ears

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 3: : oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo 3.

3. sentence is ne with sbsidiar& im!risonment Y !roba%on is twice the da&s of sbsidiar&

im!risonment

Ar th $roba%on $rio#Ar th $roba%on $rio#

 the cort can isse, !on recommenda%on b& the !roba%on oPcer, a cer%cate of nal dischar$e; its e3ects are:

=' restored to oneSs ori$inal !osi%on B' liabilit& for the ne is deemed e<%n$ished

Whn to appl! (or proba%onWhn to appl! (or proba%on

 = da&s from !roml$a%on, drin$ the re$lamentar& !eriod

 the con"ict can either a!!eal or a!!l& for !roba%on

%upposin", con"ict led a no%ce of a!!eal, later chan$ed his mind, withdrew his a!!eal then led an a!!lica%on for !roba%on, can he do that?), once &o le for an a!!eal, &o wai"e &or ri$ht to le for an a!!lica%on for !roba%on, and "ice"ersa if &o rst le for an a!!lica%on then later on decide to withdraw it'

%upposin", a )d$ment of con"ic%on was made, ths not en%tled to !roba%on, so accsed led an a!!eal in the CA where his sentence was lowered, 9alif&in$ him for !roba%on, can he a!!l& for

!roba%on now? CA sa&s – 4/#, there canSt be an& wai"er of ri$ht becase he was not en%tled to le an a!!lica%on for !roba%on Y thereSs nothin$ to

wai"e

#C sa&s – N., becase he alread& a!!ealed, tho$h with stron$ dissen%n$

o!inions abot it @7he #C is s!reme, bt it is not alwa&s ri$ht

6e&ond the =da& re$lamentar& !eriod, &o canSt le an a!!lica%on for !roba%on, e<ce!t in RA EFF, a child in con*ict with the law can le an a!!lica%on for !roba%onan!me

AA^RICL0^RICL0 EG EGGG== -readin" ma9ers)

 Ar%cle E – #s!ension of /<ec%on

 Ar%cle H> @re!ealed b& RA EFF – in"ol"es the di"ersion and inter"en%on !ro$rams for children in con*ict with the law

AA^RICL0^RICL0 G1G5 9 $ G1G5 9 $^ROC-HR^ROC-HR ÂN-ÂN- ? ?^{HI-LIN0}^{HI-LIN0} ^OR^OR ^>^>  ^SCHION^SCHION ÔÔ - -^A>^A> ^{$NAL}^{$NAL} -readin" ma9er)

AARICLRICL G@ 9 G@ 9A-MINI0RAIA-MINI0RAI MARMAR ONON $NINIARI0$NINIARI0 -readin" ma9er)

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 3- - oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo

AA^RICL^RICL GE 9 - GE 9 -^{0IRRO}^{0IRRO}

 !rohibi%on in a certain !lace or !laces desi$nated in the con"ic%on

 not !ermiDed to enter the !lace or !laces nor within the radis s!ecied not more than B>, bt not less than B (ilometers from the !lace

AA^RICL^RICL GG 9 A GG 9 A^RR0O^RR0O M M^NOR^NOR

 shall be ser"ed in mnici!al )ails

 or for health reasons, can be allowed to sta& home @hose arrest

AARICLRICL GF 9  GF 9 OALOAL SINCIONSINCION OO C CRIMINALRIMINAL L LIAILIIAILI

1. 0ath o( a con"ictath o( a con"ict Y e<%n$ishes !ersonal !enal%es bt not !ecniar&

if death comes before nal )d$ment, e"en !ecniar& liabili%es are e<%n$ished 2. 0r"ic o(

2. 0r"ic o( sntncsntnc

 crime is a debt incrred b& the o3ender as a conse9ence; aer ser"ice of the sentence, the debt is

!aid 3. Amnst!

3. Amnst!

 e<%n$ishes the !enalt& and its e3ects; as if the crime was not commiDed 4. Absolut $ar#on

4. Absolut $ar#on

 an act of $race b& the Chief /<ec%"e; e<em!ts the !erson from !nishment onl&

5. $rscrip%on o( crim

 forfeitre or loss of the ri$ht of the #tate to !rosecte

@. $rscrip%on o( pnalt!

 loss or forfeitre of ri$ht of the $o"ernment to e<ecte the nal sentence E. Marria' o( o7n## 6oman &Ar%cl 344)

E. Marria' o( o7n## 6oman &Ar%cl 344)

 pri(ate crimes @abdc%on, sedc%on, lasci"ios acts adlter&, concbina$e cannot be !rosected de oPcio

 public crimes @ra!e can be !rosected de oPcio @meanin$ ini%ated in Cort b& lin$ a com!laint

Marria$e can e<%n$ish either crimes

AA^RICL^RICL F= F=ÂN-ÂN- F1 9 $ F1 9 $R0CRI$IONR0CRI$ION ÔÔ ^CRIM0^CRIM0 ÂN-ÂN- C C^{OM$HAION}^{OM$HAION}

CRRIIMMIINNAAL L LLAAWW PPaagge 113e 3; ; oof 114f 433 L

Leeccttuurre e & & RReecciittaattiioon n NNootteess AAttttyy. . MMaaxxiimmo o AAmmuurraaoo 1.

1. 0eath, Reclsion !er!eta, Reclsion tem!oral Y B> &ears 2.

2. Crimes !nishable b& other aic%"e !enal%es Y = &ears 3.

3. Crimes !nishable b& correc%onal !enal%es Y => &ears 4.

4. Arresto ma&or Y  &ears 5.

5. Crimes of libel, or other similar o3enses Y = &ear

@. .ral defama%on2 #lander b& deed Y  months E.

E. Li$ht felonies Y B months

7he !rescri!%"e !eriod shall commence to run rom the discover! o the crime and shall be

In document Amurao Notes (Page 130-143)