Rand Effects Ordered Probit Regression

X j βjxij p(yi=k|µi,θ) =φ(θk−µi)−φ(θk−1−µi) υ∼N ormal(0, συ);ω ∼N ormal(0, σω) συ, σω∼Cauchy+(0,5) β0∼Cauchy(0,10); βj ∼Cauchy(0,2.5) θk∼N ormal(k+ 0.5,0.25) (A.3)

In the model, it is assumed that there is a latent variable (µi) influencing participant’s responses to an ordinal variable,yi, through some "threshold concepts" that are modeled by a series of threshold values ( θ1, θ2, ..., θK−1, where K equates the number of ordered options in the ordinal variable).

In the model, υ and ω are the random effects. φ refers to the cumulative distribution function. N ormal(k+ 0.5,0.25) is used as the prior for each threshold values (k = 2, .., K−2) (Kruschke, 2014). To make the model determined, the two extreme thresholds are fixed to meaningful values on the outcome scale (Kruschke, 2014): θ1 ≡1 + 0.5 andθK−1 ≡K−0.5. The sum-to-zero constraint

(P

APPENDIX B

Recruiting Email Template

We are recruiting participants for a study about how peopleuse technology to support their

creativityin their day-to-day projects.

About you: you don’t have to be an artist or professional designer, but you should be the

person who is willing to use design or creative thinking to make a change in your work and life.

About your project: the project should be one that involves some aspects of creativity and/or

design (such as UX/product/prototype design, scientific research, visual arts, arts and crafts, creative cooking, and so on). Your project could be your school project, research project, personal hobby, a portfolio that you are building for hunting jobs, or even your startup business plan.

To participate in our research, you have to agree with:

• Using Firefox when working on the project;

• Sharing your browser history when working on the project (you will be able to

remove any private or sensitive information);

• Working on the project at least three days of a week (this study will last 2 weeks).

The goal of our study is to gather data about your thoughts and experiences during the start, middle, and end of a creative or design process. If you are selected to participate, during a two week period you will be asked to complete questionnaires and make diary entries about how you use technologies and information resources on the Internet to support your creative endeavor in your project. At the end of the two weeks, we will schedule an interview with you to review your diary entries and ask some questions about how you found and used online resources to help your work on the project.

If you are interested in participating in this project, please click the link below to fill out a short questionnaire. In the questionnaire, you will be asked to answer questions about your background and the project you plan to conduct. You will also be asked to provide your name and an email address where we can contact you. If you are selected for participation in the study, we will send you a follow-up email with more information. We anticipate the study starting on DATE and ending on

DATE.Please note all the data collected in the questionnaire will not be shared outside of our research team.

APPENDIX C

Participant Screening Questionnaire Q.1. What is the timeline for the project?

• less than 1 week • 1- 2 weeks • 2-3 weeks • 3 - 4 weeks • 4 - 5 weeks

• more than 5 weeks

Q.2. Please briefly describe the creative project that you will be working on.

Q.3. Please select the option that can best describe your motivation to do the project:

• Curiosity (e.g., expressing your own ability)

• Asserting your ability or skill (e.g., making with your own hands) • Appropriation (e.g., making something your own or making it fit better) • Productivity (e.g., getting something done)

Q.4. Please select the area that can best describe your project:

• Solve a practical problem with an original technical trick • Construct something which required scientific knowledge • Write a computer program

• Design a website

• Create a photo-montage or photo collection • Paint a picture/create a graphic

• Produce a sculpture

• Produce a blueprint for an interior redesign • Tinker with an object

• Create an original decoration • Design or sew clothing

• Form a sculpture out of food

Q.5. Please indicate which following activities that you might include in your project:

• Figure out my goal (what I want to create/design or which problem I want to ad- dress/solve)

• Look up information relevant to my goal

• Explore (gather a broad range of potentially related information) about my goal • Create a large variety of ideas that may achieve my goal

• Combine some ideas that I have already had

• Select the best ideas from all the new ideas that I have created • Figure out how to put my ideas into practice to achieve my goal • Other (please specify)

Q.5.1 Please briefly give us an idea of how the activities you checked above are involved in this project.

Q.6. What is the context for this creative project (e.g., work, school, personal hobby)?

Q.7. How will the project involve finding and using information or resources on the Internet to support the goals of the project?

Q.8. Have you done similar projects before? If so, please briefly explain your prior experience. Q.9. Please select all the tools that you will need to use in the project:

• Search engines (Google, Bing, Yahoo, etc.) • Videos (Youtube, Vimeo, ect.)

• Images (Pinterest, Instagram, Tumblr, Flickr, etc.) • Social sites (Facebook, Twitter, Reddit, Google+, etc.) • Other (please specify)

Q.10. Briefly describe any information resources, search engines, databases, or social me- dia/networks that you might use to get information that you will need for this project.

Q.11. Please select all the platforms that you might use in your project:

• Desktop or PC, • Smartphone,

• Tablet,

• Smart TV (Apple TV, Roku, Play TV, etc.), • Google Home or Alexa,

• other (please specify)

Q.12. In the space below, please provide us with information about how we should contact you if we need to follow-up on your responses, or if you are selected to participate in the study.

• Name: • Email:

APPENDIX D Individual Entry Forms