W e read the book 2 W e read the books 3 H e ate an apple 4 H e ate S apples 5, They saw him/her 6 They saw them 7 Did you write them? 8, I pulled the table.

9. I pulled the tables. 10. W hat did she ask? i I. W hat (things) did she ask? I 2. W e w rote

the letter. 13. W e w ro te the letters. 14. Did they repeat the sentence? IS. Did they repeat the sentences? 16. I taught him Kurdish. 17. I taught them Kurdish.

All the verbs ending in -andin are transitive.

W î xwendekar betiland. WÎ xwendekar betilandin. Me ders qedand.

Me ders qedandin. Wan mase kişand. Wan mase kişandin.

He tired the student. He tired the students.

W e finished the lesson (class). W e finished the lessons. They pulled the table. They pulled the tables.

A noun gets the appropriate oblique ending, when used as the subject. Nouns used as the object are in the direct case.

Xezalê name xwend. Azad(î) name nivîsî.

Xwendekaran ew betilandin. Zelalê Azad d!t. Hesen(î) Zelal dît. Zaroyan sêv xwarin. Bijîşkê got. Bijîşk(î) got. Bijîşkan got.

Xezal read the letter. Azad read the letter. The students tired them. Zelal saw Azad.

Hesen saw Zelal.

T he children ate the apples. T h e d octor (fem.) said. The d octor (masc.) said. T h e doctors said. The verb receives -im, when the object is ez (I/me).

Te ez dîtim. You saw me.

W Î ez dltim. He saw me.

Normally the verb receives î, when the object is tu (you). However this rule is not applied in many regions. It is not applied at all to the past stem ending in I.

As always, prepositional objects are in the oblique case.

Karkeran dest bi kar kirin. The w o rk ers started the w ork.

1. Min êvarî rojname xwend.

2. W Î îro seet di 8:00'an de taştê xwar. 3. Te ew kengî nivîsî?

4. Min ew duh nivîsî.

5. Ma we seet di I2:00'an de firavîn xwar? 6. Na, me seet di I2:00’an de firavîn nexwar. 7. Ma wan seet di çendan de şîv xwar?

8. Wan seet di 20:00'an de şîv xwar. 9. Dersê kengî dest pê kir?

10. 30 deqe berê dest pê kir.

11. Mamoste kengî dest bi dersê kir? 12. W î du deqe berê dest pê kir. 13. W ê hevok li lênûska xwe nivîstn? 14. Belê, wê ew li lênûska xwe nivîsîn.

I . I read th e n e w sp ap er in the evening. 2 . H e had a b reakfast at 8.00 today. 3 . W h e n did you w rite it? 4 , 1 w r o t e it y e ste rd a y . S. D id you have lunch at 12.00? 6. N o , w e didn't have lunch at 12.00, 7. W h a t tim e did th e y have dinner. 8. T h e y had d in n er at 2 0 .00. 9 . W h a t tim e did th e class sta rt? 10. It sta rte d 30 m inutes ago. I I . W h a t tim e did the te a c h e r s ta rt t h e class. 12. H e sta rte d it 2 m inutes ago? 13. D id sh e w rit e th e se n te n c e s in h e r n oteb oo k? 14. Y e s , sh e w ro te them in h e r n oteb oo k.

Min tu dît(î). I saw you.

W an tu dît(î). They saw you.

W î tu nivîsî. He w ro te you.

Me ji wan pirsî. W an bi gogê lîst. W î ji wê hez kir. Te li min mêze kir. W e li me nêrî

Min li wan guhdarî kir. Zelalê bêrîya we kir. Azad dest bi dersê kir.

Yo u watched me. Yo u looked at us. I listened to them Zelal missed you. W e asked them. They played ball. He loved her.

Azad started the lesson.

FERHENGOK

bang (f) call boyax (f) paint

çêkirin (çêke,çêbike) vt to make, to repair

dan (bide) vt to give destûr (f) permission

girtin (bigire) vt to close, to shut; to turn/switch off; to take, to receive; to catch

hewa (f) air, weather hewadar airy

hewadar kirin vtto air,ventilate hêkerûn (f) omelette

hilkişîn (hilkişe) vi to climb up

îro today îşev tonight îsal this year

kelandin (bikelîne) vt to boil

kelîn (bikele) vi to boil, to be boiled

kirê (f) rent

kirê kirin vi to rent

kur kirin vtto cut (hair), to shave !i cem with, in sb's presence man (bimîne) vi to stay, to remain

nuha, niha now

pê girtin vt to hold, to grab

selik (f) basket

silab (f) greeting, hello sobe (f) stove

stendin (bistîne) vi to get, to receive

şandin (bişîne) vt to send

şuştin (bişo) vt to wash

telefon (f) telephone toz (f) dust

tu any, none vala empty

vekirin (veke) vt to open;

to turn/switch on

vê êvarê this evening vê sibê (vêsê) this morning vê heftê this week

vê mehê this month vêxistin (vêxe) vt to light

wê gave then, (if) so wêne (m) picture, painting,

photo

xistin (bixe) vt to put, to

drop, to let fall

The indirect object of dan (to give) folows the verb in the oblique case.

Min pênûsek da Şevînê. I gave a pen to Şevin.

T e e w d a k ê ? To whom did you give it?

Min da wê. I gave to her.

da and wê/wî may be contracted to dayê.

M ate pirtûkda wê? Didyougivethebooktoher?

Erê, min dayê. Yes, I gave (it) to her.

Ma WÎ lênûsk da Şevînê? D id hegiveth en o tebo o kto Şevin?

Erê, dayê. Yes, he gave (it) t o her.

Te çi da Azad? What did you give to Azad?

Min dirav dayê. I gave him money. The verb telefon kirin may be used as follows:

Min telefonî wî kir. I phoned him.

M inji wî re telefon kir. I phoned him.

bang (call) and kirin form a compound verb: bang kirin (to

call), î connects bang to the indirect object.

W e bangî kê kir? Whom did you call?

Me bang? Azad kir. We called Azad.

Te çima bangî Xezalê kir? Why did you call Xezal? 1 n the spoken language, bang may be contracted to ban or ba; >î is not used in that case.

W e b a k ê k ir? Who did you call?

Me ba Azad kir. We called Azad. 111

Dersû nîv seet here destp

■Vie do di birkê de bi avjenî lîst.

Min şeva çûyî peyvikcn Kurdîducar kirin.

Ez bi Mizfiîn re nlv seetê mcşiyam.