Recommendations

There are a few recommendations I have to make. It should be clear that further research on this topic is necessary. Due to limited time and resources (such as an

interpreter), the scale of this research is very small. My first recommendation therefore is to extend the fieldwork period. This allows you to build relationships with your respondents and gain more trust for them. My second recommendation will be to learn Norwegian (and even Sámi) or work with an interpreter. I do have some knowledge of the Norwegian language, but not good enough to have full conversations with people. I knew that the younger generations would speak good English, but I also encountered an elder

demographic that did not speak English and missed out on a few conversations that could have been very helpful for my research. The third recommendation for further research is to conduct more in-depth research, which goes together with extending the fieldwork period. It was only possible for me to meet people only once for a brief interview, instead of speaking to my respondents more times and perhaps also use observations more.

As this conclusion has shown, there are still plenty of opportunities for further exploration of this topic. It would also be possible to conduct a similar type of research in a different setting. I want to propose a few further research topics that I have encountered during my research and that will be interesting for further research. Firstly, researching the new revitalization period. To what extent can we actually speak of a new wave of

revitalization? Secondly, related to material culture is researching other values of objects instead of the symbolic. I have touched upon this briefly in discovering Alfred Gell, but this could be a research on its own (1998). Another topic is the role of museums that seems to be shifting from a warehouse of objects of (ancient) cultures, to a way to protest or shape

one’s identity, and perhaps, in the future, to a contact zone. Lastly, researching struggles of Sámi nowadays proved to be too large for this research. However, I did encounter various

struggles Sámi people are facing today. For example, fishing rights, land rights,

environmental changes, and preservation of cultural traditions. These all could be starting points for further research. This list could be more extensive, but I believe these are the most pressing issues I encountered during my research.

Bibliography

Alta museum. 2017. “Na, maid dál? Sámisk kulturarv på vei hjem.”

http://www.alta.museum.no/sider/tekst.asp?side=711 (May 22, 2017).

Ames, Michael M. 1986. Museums, the Public and Anthropology: A Study in the of Anthropology. Vancouver: University of British Colombia Press.

Ames, Michael M. 1991. “Biculturalism in Exhibitions.” Museum Anthropology: 15(2). 7-17. Appadurai, Arjun. 1986. The social life of things. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Arctic Council. 2015. “Saami Council (SC).”

http://www.arctic-council.org/index.php/en/about-us/permanent-participants/sc (May 29, 2017).

Barnard, Alan and Jonathan Spencer. 2012. The Routledge Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology. New York: Routledge.

Bhabha, Homi K. 1990. “The other question: difference, discrimination and the discourse of colonialism.” In: Out there: Marginalization and Contemporary Culture. Cambridge:

MIT.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1972. Outline of a theory of practice. Oxford: Cambridge University Press. Broekhoven van, Laura, Buijs, Cunera and Pieter Hovens. 2010. Sharing Knowledge & Cultural Heritage: First Nations of the Americas. National Museum of Ethnology: 39.

Leiden: Sidestone Press.

Clifford, James. 1988. The Predicament of Culture: Twentieth-century Ethnography, Literature, and Art. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Clifford, James. 1997. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late 20th _{Century. Cambridge:}

Harvard University Press.

Clifford, James. 2013. Returns: Becoming Indigenous in the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge:

Harvard University Press.

Drugge, Anne-Lill (eds.). 2016. Ethics in Indigenous Research. Vaartoe: Centre for Sámi

Research Umeå University.

Edmondson, Monica. 2012. “100Migratory –Project Description.”

https://100migratory.wordpress.com/100-migratory-what-why-and-where/ (June 2,

2017).

Eidheim, Harald. 1971. Aspects of the Lappish Minority Situation. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. García-Antón, Katya. 2016. “Máret Ánne Sara.”

http://www.documenta14.de/en/artists/13491/maret-anne-sara (May 21, 2017).

Geertz, Clifford. 1983. Local Knowledge – Further Essays in Interpretive Anthropology. New

York: Basic Books, Inc.

Gell, Alfred. 1998. Art and Agency. An Anthropological Theory. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Goffman, Erving. 1986. Stigma: notes on the management of spoiled identity. New York:

Simon & Schuster.

Gupta, A., & Ferguson, J. (2007). “Beyond “Culture”: Space, Identity, and the Politics of Difference.” In A. C. G. M. Robben & J. A. Sluka (Eds.), Ethnographic Fieldwork: An Anthropological Reader. Malden MA: Blackwell Publishing.

Haas, Jonathan. 1996. “Power, Objects, and a Voice for Anthropology.” Current Anthropology. 37(1): 1-22.

Henriksen, John B. 1999. Saami Parliamentary Co-operation. International Work Group for

Indigenous Affairs Document No. 93. Kautokeino: Nordic Sámi Institute.

Hicks, Dan and Mary C. Beaudry. 2010. The Oxford Handbook of Material Culture Studies.

Oxford University Press.

Holland, Dorothy et al. 1998. Identity and Agency in Cultural Worlds. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press.

Hoskins, Janet. 2006. “Agency, Biography and Objects”. In Handbook of Material Culture, eds. Tilley, Christopher et al. London: Sage Publications.

Jenkins, Pierre. 1992. Pierre Bourdieu. London: Routledge. Jenkins, Richard. 1996. Social Identity. New York: Routledge.

Keurs ter, Pieter J. 2011. Materiële Cultuur en Vergankelijkheid. Oratie Universiteit Leiden. Lehtola, Veli-Pekka. 2004. The Sámi People: Traditions in Transition. Fairbanks: University

of Alaska Press.

Lidchi, Henrietta. 2013. “The poetics and the politics of exhibiting other cultures.” In:

Representation: Cultural Representations and Signifying Practices, ed. Stuart Hall. London: Sage Publications.

Lien, Sigrid and Hilde Nielssen. 2011. “Conventional Ethnograpic Display or Subversive

Aesthetics? Historical Narratives of the Sámi Museum, RiddoDuottarMuseat-Sámid

Vuorká-Dávvirant (RDM-SVD) in Karasjok, Norway.” Conference proceedings from

EuNaMus.

Måso, Nils and Anders Boine Verstad. 2017. “For første gang i historien blir nyttårstalen ikke

holdt på Sámisk.” NRK. https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/for-forste-gang-i-historien-blir-

nyttarstalen-ikke-holdt-pa-Sámisk-1.13290446 (June 1, 2017).

Mathisen, S.O. 2010. “Likt men likevel forskjellig. Om representasjon av Sámiskidentitet og

forhistorie I Sámiske museer og majoritetsmuseer.” In Samling og Museum. Kapitler

av Museenes Historie, Praksis og Ideologi. Olso: Novus.

McLaughlin, Moira. 1999. Museums and the Representation of Native Canadians. Negotiating the Borders of Cultures. New York: Garland Publishing Inc. Memmi, Albert. 1965. The Colonizer and the Colonized. Boston: Beacon Press. Miller, Daniel. 2010. Stuff. Cambridge: Polity Press.

NRK. 2017. “Sameforeningsleder: - Anmeld ALL samehets til politiet.”

https://www.nrk.no/sapmi/sameforeningsleder-etter-17.-mai-hets-av-samer_-_-

anmeld-alt-til-politiet-1.13523329 (May 29, 2017).

Olsen, Bjørnar. 2000. “Bilder fra Fortida? Reoresebtashiber av Sámisk Kultur I Sámiske Museer.” Nordisk Museologi. 2: 13-30.

Olsen, Kjell. 2010. Identities, Ethnicities and Borderzones. Examples from Finnmark, Northern Norway. Stamsund: Irkana Akademisk.

Olsen, Arne Skaug. 2017. “The Long Hard Cold Struggle.”

http://www.kunstkritikk.no/kritikk/the-long-hard-cold-struggle/ (May 30, 2017).

Pedersen, Steinar. 2012. “The Coastal Sámi of Norway and their rights to traditional marine

Polletta, Francesca and James M. Jasper. 2001. “Collective Identity and Social Movements.”

Annual Review of Sociology. 27:283-305.

Prown, David Jules. 1982. “Mind in Matter: An Introduction to Material Culture Theory and

Method.” Winterthur Portfolio: 17(1). 1-19.

RDM. 2017. “De Sámiske Samlinger.” http://rdm.no/english/de_Sámiske_samlinger/ (May

30, 2017).

Rosaldo, Renato. 1989. Culture and Truth. The remaking of Social Analysis. Boston: Beacon

Press.

SDMX. 2017. http://www.sdmx.no/en/Sámi-daida-museum#about (June 2, 2017).

Simpson, M.G. 1996. Making Representations. Museums in the Post-Colonial Era. New York:

Routledge.

Tafjord, Bjørn Ole. 2012. “Indigenous Religion(s) as an Analytical Category.” In Method and Theory in the Study of Religion.

The Guardian. 2016. “Reindeer shrink as climate change in the arctic puts their food on ice.”

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/dec/12/reindeer-shrink-as-climate-

change-in-arctic-puts-their-food-on-ice (June 1, 2017)

Tilley, Christopher et al. 2006. Handbook of Material Culture. London: Sage Publications.

Tråante. 2017. “Jubileumsåret.”

http://www.tråante2017.no/sme/programme-2017/jubileumsaret/ (June 1, 2017)

Tromsø University Museum. 2017b. “Exhibitions.” https://en.uit.no/tmu/utstillinger (May

21, 2017)

Webb, Sharon. 2006. “Making museums, making people: the representation of the Sámi

through material culture.” Public Archaeology. 5(3): 167-183.

Wereldculturen. 2017. “Collectiedatabase van Stichting Nationaal Museum van